초록 ▼

The present invention provides: a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, which can stably produce an aimed product for a long period when a solid particulate material such as a catalyst is packed and used for each substance; and its usage. The fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor comprises a plurality of rea

The present invention provides: a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, which can stably produce an aimed product for a long period when a solid particulate material such as a catalyst is packed and used for each substance; and its usage. The fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor comprises a plurality of reaction tubes that are packed with a solid particulate material and arranged in parallel, wherein the solid particulate material is weighed so as to be uniform volume, and is packed in each reaction tube in a packing time of not shorter than 30 seconds per liter.

대표청구항 ▼

What is claimed is: 1. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor with a solid particulate material, with the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor having a plurality of reaction tubes, with the process comprising the step of packing two or more production lots of said solid particulate ma

What is claimed is: 1. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor with a solid particulate material, with the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor having a plurality of reaction tubes, with the process comprising the step of packing two or more production lots of said solid particulate material into said plurality of reaction tubes such that: a) each of said plurality of reaction tubes will have a pressure drop caused by the packing therein of said solid particulate material, wherein said pressure drop of each of said plurality of reaction tubes is in a range of 85 to 115% of an average pressure drop of said plurality of reaction tubes; and b) said solid particulate material packed in each of said plurality of reaction tubes will have a packed layer length being in a range of 90 to 110% of an average packed layer length of said solid particulate material packed in said plurality of reaction tubes; c) wherein said process further comprises the steps of: i) weighing out a predefined weight of said solid particulate material to be packed in each reaction tube of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor such that said solid particulate material will have a uniform volume in each reaction tube of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein said predefined weight of said solid particulate material to be packed in each reaction tube of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor is determined by: determining a density of each of said production lots of said solid particulate material; carrying out a packing test using a reaction tube whose inner diameter and length are the same as those of the reaction tube of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor to obtain a packing amount; and considering said packing amount and a difference between a density of a production lot of said solid particulate material as used in said packing test and a density of each of other production lots of said solid particulate material; and ii) packing said weighed-out predefined weight of said solid particulate material into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor. 2. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, wherein said packing step ii) for each of said plurality of reaction tubes of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor is carried out in a time span of not shorter than 30 seconds per liter of said solid particulate material. 3. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of reaction tubes has an inner diameter in a range of 15 to 50 mm. 4. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, wherein said solid particulate material includes a plurality of particles, with each of the particles having a particle diameter, wherein each of said plurality of reaction tubes has an inner diameter, and wherein the ratio of said particle diameter of each particle to said inner diameter of each reaction tube is in a range of 0.1/1 to 0.5/1. 5. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, wherein said packing step ii) for each of said plurality of reaction tubes of said fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor is carried out in a time span of 30 to 120 seconds per liter of said solid particulate material. 6. A process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor according to claim 1, wherein said solid particulate material is at least one kind selected from the following groups (1) to (9): (1) a catalyst that comprises silver as an essential component and is for a production of ethylene oxide by oxidizing ethylene in a gas phase; (2) a catalyst that comprises molybdenum, bismuth, and iron as essential components and is for a production of (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid by oxidizing propylene, isobutylene, tert-butanol, and/or methyl tert-butyl ether in a gas phase; (3) a catalyst that comprises molybdenum and vanadium as essential components and is for a production of acrylic acid by oxidizing acrolein in a gas phase; (4) a catalyst that comprises molybdenum and phosphorus as essential components and is for a production of methacrylic acid by oxidizing methacrolein in a gas phase; (5) a catalyst that comprises vanadium and titanium as essential components and is for a production of phthalic anhydride by oxidizing o-xylene and/or naphthalene in a gas phase; (6) a catalyst that comprises molybdenum as an essential component and is for a production of maleic anhydride by oxidizing benzene in a gas phase; (7) a catalyst that comprises phosphorus and vanadium as essential components and is for a production of maleic anhydride by oxidizing n-butane in a gas phase; (8) a catalyst that comprises molybdenum as an essential component and is for a production of propylene, acrolein, and/or acrylic acid by oxidizing propane in a gas phase; and (9) a catalyst that comprises vanadium as an essential component and is for a production of pyromellitic anhydride by oxidizing durene in a gas phase. 7. A process for producing ethylene oxide, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes ethylene, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes silver as an essential component; and thereafter oxidizing said ethylene in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain ethylene oxide. 8. A process for producing (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes propylene, isobutylene, tert-butanol, and/or methyl tert-butyl ether, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes molybdenum, bismuth, and iron as essential components; and thereafter oxidizing said propylene, isobutylene, tert-butanol, and/or methyl tert-butyl ether in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain (meth)acrolein and (meth)acrylic acid. 9. A process for producing acrylic acid, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes acrolein, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes molybdenum and vanadium as essential components; and thereafter oxidizing said acrolein in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain acrylic acid. 10. A process for producing methacrylic acid, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes methacrolein, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes molybdenum and phosphorus as essential components; and thereafter oxidizing said methacrolein in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain methacrylic acid. 11. A process for producing phthalic anhydride, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes o-xylene and/or naphthalene, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes vanadium and titanium as essential components; and thereafter oxidizing said o-xylene and/or naphthalene in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain phthalic anhydride. 12. A process for producing maleic anhydride, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes benzene, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes molybdenum as an essential component; and thereafter oxidizing said benzene in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain maleic anhydride. 13. A process for producing maleic anhydride, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes n-butane, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes phosphorus and vanadium as essential components; and thereafter oxidizing said n-butane in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain maleic anhydride. 14. A process for producing propylene, acrolein, and/or acrylic acid, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes propane, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes molybdenum as an essential component; and thereafter oxidizing said propane in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain propylene, acrolein, and/or acrylic acid. 15. A process for producing pyromellitic anhydride, comprising the steps of: packing a solid particulate material into each of a plurality of reaction tubes of a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor by the process for packing a fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor as recited in claim 1; thereafter introducing an oxygen-containing reaction gas into each of said plurality of reaction tubes of the fixed-bed shell-and-tube reactor, wherein the oxygen-containing reaction gas includes durene, and wherein the solid particulate material is a solid particulate catalyst which includes vanadium as an essential component; and thereafter oxidizing said durene in the presence of the solid particulate catalyst in a gas phase to thereby obtain pyromellitic anhydride.