초록
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A method for generating spontaneously aligned surface wrinkles utilizes control of local moduli-mismatch and osmotic pressure. The method includes modifying the surface of an elastomeric layer to form a superlayer that is stiffer and/or less absorbent than the elastomeric layer. The elastomeric layer is then swollen with a polymerizable monomer, which causes buckling of the superlayer. The monomer is then polymerized, dimensionally stabilizing the surface buckling. The budded surfaces generated by the method are useful in a wide variety of end-use applic...
A method for generating spontaneously aligned surface wrinkles utilizes control of local moduli-mismatch and osmotic pressure. The method includes modifying the surface of an elastomeric layer to form a superlayer that is stiffer and/or less absorbent than the elastomeric layer. The elastomeric layer is then swollen with a polymerizable monomer, which causes buckling of the superlayer. The monomer is then polymerized, dimensionally stabilizing the surface buckling. The budded surfaces generated by the method are useful in a wide variety of end-use applications, including microlenses, microlens arrays, compound microlenses, diffraction gratings, photonic crystals, smart adhesives, mechanical strain sensors, microfluidic devices, and cell culture surfaces.
대표
청구항
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The invention claimed is: 1. A method of forming a buckled surface, comprising: modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer to form a superlayer; wherein the elastomeric layer comprises a crosslinked polymer having a first flexural modulus; wherein the superlayer comprises a modification reaction product having a second flexural modulus greater than the first flexural modulus; and wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of exposing the surface to ultraviolet light, exposing t...
The invention claimed is: 1. A method of forming a buckled surface, comprising: modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer to form a superlayer; wherein the elastomeric layer comprises a crosslinked polymer having a first flexural modulus; wherein the superlayer comprises a modification reaction product having a second flexural modulus greater than the first flexural modulus; and wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of exposing the surface to ultraviolet light, exposing the surface to gamma radiation, exposing the surface to an electron beam, exposing the surface to ozone, exposing the surface to an oxygen plasma, exposing the surface to chemical vapor deposition, and combinations thereof, or exposing the surface to ultraviolet light and ozone, or using a technique selected from the group consisting of forming a polymer coating in contact with the elastomeric layer, depositing a metal film on the elastomeric layer, and polymerizing a second polymerizable monomer in the surface of the elastomeric layer to form an interpenetrated network; swelling the elastomeric layer with a polymerizable monomer, thereby causing buckling of the superlayer; and polymerizing the polymerizable monomer, thereby stabilizing the buckling of the superlayer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises modifying about 1 to 100 area percent of the surface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises forming a plurality of superlayer ribbons, each ribbon independently having a width of about 100 nanometers to about 500 micrometers. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises forming a plurality of superlayer islands, each island independently having an equivalent circular diameter of about 100 nanometers to about 500 micrometers. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises masking the surface of the elastomeric layer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the superlayer has a thickness of about 1 nanometer to about 10 micrometers. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of exposing the surface to ultraviolet light, exposing the surface to gamma radiation, exposing the surface to an electron beam, exposing the surface to ozone, exposing the surface to an oxygen plasma, exposing the surface to chemical vapor deposition, and combinations thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises exposing the surface to ultraviolet light and ozone. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the modifying a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of forming a polymer coating in contact with the elastomeric layer, depositing a metal film on the elastomeric layer, and polymerizing a second polymerizable monomer in the surface of the elastomeric layer to form an interpenetrated network. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the buckling of the superlayer is characterized by a buckling wavelength of about 100 nanometers to about 500 micrometers. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the buckling of the superlayer is characterized by a persistence wavelength of about 100 nanometers to about 500 micrometers. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first flexural modulus is about 1 kilopascal to about 10 megapascals at 25° C. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second flexural modulus is about 100 megapascals to about 10 gigapascals at 25° C. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer comprises chemical crosslinks. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer comprises physical crosslinks. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer is selected from the group consisting of polysiloxanes, poly(alkyl (meth)acrylate)s, poly(conjugated diene)s, block copolymers of alkenyl aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes, and combinations thereof. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer is a polysiloxane. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked polymer is a polysiloxane, and wherein the modification reaction product comprises a silicate. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises an aliphatic carbon-carbon double bond or an aliphatic carbon-carbon triple bond. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer is selected from the group consisting of alkenyl aromatic monomers, acrylate monomers, alkenyl ether monomers, and combinations thereof. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises a crosslinker comprising at least two groups selected from the group consisting of acryloyl groups, vinyl groups, allyl groups, and combinations thereof. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer comprises n-butyl acrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate. 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the swelling the elastomeric layer with a polymerizable monomer comprises swelling the elastomeric layer with a composition comprising the polymerizable monomer and a solvent. 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizing the polymerizable monomer comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of heating the polymerizable monomer, exposing the polymerizable monomer to ultraviolet light, exposing the surface to gamma radiation, exposing the polymerizable monomer to an electron beam, exposing the polymerizable monomer to x-rays, and combinations thereof. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizing the polymerizable monomer comprises exposing the polymerizable monomer to ultraviolet light. 26. The method of claim 1, further comprising adhering the elastomeric layer to a substrate. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the substrate is a glass slide. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the swelling the elastomeric layer with a polymerizable monomer comprises coating the elastomeric layer with the polymerizable monomer and covering the elastomeric layer and the polymerizable monomer with a superstrate. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the superstrate is impermeable to the polymerizable monomer and transmits ultraviolet light. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising separating the superstrate from the buckled superlayer. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymerizable monomer is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer. 32. A method of forming an article comprising a patterned surface, comprising: oxidizing at least a portion of a surface of a polysiloxane layer to form a polysiloxane layer comprising a silicate superlayer; swelling the polysiloxane layer comprising a silicate superlayer with an acrylate monomer, thereby causing buckling of the silicate superlayer; and polymerizing the acrylate monomer, thereby stabilizing the buckling of the silicate superlayer. 33. A method of forming an article comprising a buckled surface, comprising: modifying at least a portion of a surface of an elastomeric layer to form a superlayer comprising a modification reaction product; wherein the modifying at least a portion of a surface of an elastomeric layer comprises using a technique selected from the group consisting of exposing the surface to ultraviolet light, exposing the surface to gamma radiation, exposing the surface to an electron beam, exposing the surface to ozone, exposing the surface to an oxygen plasma, exposing the surface to chemical vapor deposition, and combinations thereof, or exposing the surface to ultraviolet light and ozone, or using a technique selected from the group consisting of forming a polymer coating in contact with the surface of the elastomeric layer, depositing a metal film on the surface of the elastomeric layer, and polymerizing a second polymerizable monomer in the surface of the elastomeric layer to form an interpenetrated network; swelling the elastomeric layer with a polymerizable monomer, thereby causing buckling of the superlayer; wherein the polymerizable monomer has a first solubility in the elastomeric layer and a second solubility in the superlayer; and wherein the first solubility is greater than the second solubility; and polymerizing the polymerizable monomer, thereby stabilizing the buckling of the superlayer. 34. An article comprising a surface formed by the method of claim 1. 35. The article of claim 34, wherein the article is selected from the group consisting of a microlens, a microlens array, a compound microlens, a diffraction grating, a photonic crystal, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a mechanical strain sensor, a microfluidic device, and a cell culture container.
