IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0383909
(2009-03-30)
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등록번호 |
US8002047
(2011-08-08)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- DeCourcy, Michael S.
- Elder, James E.
- Hale, Timothy Allen
- Le, Nam Quoc
- Pugh, Patrick Kevin
- Somson, John
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
10 |
초록
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A method for attenuating deflagration pressure produced by combustion of combustible gas in a defined region of a process vessel. The method generally comprises selecting and placing attenuating material in the defined region of the process vessel, wherein the selected attenuating material maintains
A method for attenuating deflagration pressure produced by combustion of combustible gas in a defined region of a process vessel. The method generally comprises selecting and placing attenuating material in the defined region of the process vessel, wherein the selected attenuating material maintains its physical shape under the operating conditions. The attenuating material should occupy at least 20% of the volume of the defined region of the process vessel. Use of the inventive method may be beneficially applied for the safe operation of oxidation reactors with flammable, high hydrocarbon concentration feeds in order to attain increased productivity. The invention also provides a tubular reactor adapted for attenuation of deflagration pressure resulting from combustion of combustible gas in a defined region therein, wherein the defined region of the tubular reactor comprises attenuating material selected in accordance with the aforesaid method for attenuating deflagration pressure and which have a plurality of components which are placed such that void spaces and open pathways between the components are minimized. A method for performing gas phase reactions safely under flammable operating conditions is also provided, wherein a gas feed composition comprising a hydrocarbon and oxygen is subjected reaction in a reaction vessel having attenuating materials therein and the reaction is conducted at a temperature and a pressure which render the reaction system flammable. By using the inventive apparatus, full pressure containment may be achieved, thereby eliminating the need for emergency pressure relief devices.
대표청구항
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What is claimed is: 1. A method for attenuating deflagration pressure produced by combustion of combustible gas in a defined region of a process vessel, which has a maximum allowable containment pressure (P(c)), under known operating conditions comprising initial feed gas composition, temperature an
What is claimed is: 1. A method for attenuating deflagration pressure produced by combustion of combustible gas in a defined region of a process vessel, which has a maximum allowable containment pressure (P(c)), under known operating conditions comprising initial feed gas composition, temperature and pressure, wherein a peak pressure is reached in the defined region after ignition and wherein the defined region has a cross-sectional radius (R(v)), by selecting and placing attenuating material in the defined region of the process vessel, wherein the selected attenuating material maintains its physical shape under the operating conditions and has a plurality of components, all of which have a geometry and a effective diameter, said method comprising:(A) determining the maximum effective diameter of components of the attenuating material which is suitable for use in the defined region of the process vessel by developing empirical data comprising associated pairs of peak deflagration pressures and deflagration mixing factors, which demonstrates a linear relationship between a plurality of attenuating materials, at least one of which has components with an effective diameter which differs from the effective diameters of the components of the other attenuating materials, and the peak pressures reached after ignition of combustible gas having the same composition as the initial feed gas composition by:(1) empirically determining the peak deflagration pressure (Pmax(0)) resulting from ignition of the combustible gas in the absence of any attenuating material, using a test sphere having a radius (R(ts));(2) empirically determining at least a first and a second peak deflagration pressure (Pmax(1), Pmax(2)) resulting from ignition of the combustible gas in the presence of at least a first selected attenuating material having a first effective diameter (Ds(1)) and a second selected attenuating material having a second effective diameter (Ds(2)) different from the first effective diameter, using the same test sphere used in step (1):(3) calculating the deflagration mixing factors (DMF(0), DMF(1), DMF(2), . . . DMF(n)) for each associated peak deflagration pressure empirically determined in steps (1) and (2), by using the following mathematical relationship:DMF(n)=(Ds(n)/Rts)×40wherein n=0, 1, 2 . . . n, and Ds(n) and R(ts) are each measured in centimeters;(4) linearizing the empirical data comprising associated pairs of peak deflagration pressures and deflagration mixing factors ([Pmax(0), DMF(0)]; [Pmax(1) DMF(1)], [Pmax(2), DMF(2)], . . . [Pmax(n), DMF(n)]) by determining the value of variables M and B based on the following mathematical relationship:Pmax(n)=M×DMF(n)+B wherein n=0, 1, 2 . . . n;(5) calculating the maximum deflagration mixing factor (DMF(a)) suitable for the process vessel using the maximum allowable containment pressure (P(c)) of the process vessel and the values of M and B calculated in step (4), based on the following mathematical relationship:DMF(a)=[P(c)−B]/M; (6) calculating the maximum effective diameter (Ds(a)) of attenuating material suitable for use with the process vessel having the cross-sectional radius (R(v)), using the following mathematical relationship:Ds(a)=[DMF(a)×R(v)]/40; and(B) selecting suitable attenuating material having an effective diameter less than or equal to the calculated maximum effective diameter (Ds(a)) and placing the selected attenuating material in the defined region of the process vessel, such that void spaces and open pathways between the components are minimized.
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