A hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine has pump cylinders, each having at one end an inlet/outlet for fluid material to be pumped, and at the other end an inlet and outlet for hydraulic oil. A separator inside the pump cylinder is connected to the fluid-material end of the cy
A hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine has pump cylinders, each having at one end an inlet/outlet for fluid material to be pumped, and at the other end an inlet and outlet for hydraulic oil. A separator inside the pump cylinder is connected to the fluid-material end of the cylinder by a flexible diaphragm and to the fluid material end by another diaphragm, leaving an outer annular space that contains hydraulic fluid. The total volume of pumping hydraulic oil in the cylinders is maintained constant and by a device that compensates for thermal expansion and controls the necessary return flow of hydraulic oil for driving the pump. The separators move with an intake stroke at constant speed for all cylinders, and with pumping strokes function of the hydraulic oil delivery, so a lesser number of separators effect an intake stroke while a greater number of separators effect a discharge stroke.
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1. A hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine, the pumping machine comprising a plurality of pump cylinders (10.1-10.12) each having a first end (20) with a first inlet and outlet (21) for fluid to be pumped and a second end (30) with a second inlet and outlet (31,32) for hydraul
1. A hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine, the pumping machine comprising a plurality of pump cylinders (10.1-10.12) each having a first end (20) with a first inlet and outlet (21) for fluid to be pumped and a second end (30) with a second inlet and outlet (31,32) for hydraulic fluid, the inlets and outlets being associated with respective valves (23,24;33,34), a separator (40) located inside and movable to-and-fro along the pump cylinder (10), the movable separator (40) having a first side (40a) facing the first end (20) of the cylinder and a second side (40b) facing the second end (30) of the cylinder, wherein: the movable separator (40) is connected to the inside (12) of the first end (20) of the cylinder by a first flexible diaphragm (45) in the form of a bellows that is expandable and contractable in concertina-like manner inside the cylinder (10) along the length direction of the cylinder as the movable separator (40) moves to-and-fro along the cylinder, the first side (40a) of the movable separator delimiting a first pumping chamber (47) inside the expandable and contractable flexible diaphragm (45) for containing a variable volume of pumped, fluid material in communication with the first inlet and outlet (21) in said first end (20) of the cylinder, said first inlet and outlet (21) communicating with said first chamber (47) whereby in operation fluid material to be pumped enters said first pumping chamber (47) via the first inlet and pumped fluid material leaves said first pumping chamber (47) via the first outlet;the movable separator (40) is connected to the inside (14) of the second end (30) of the cylinder by a second flexible diaphragm (46) in the form of a bellows that is contractable and expandable in concertina-like manner along the length direction of the cylinder (10) in correspondence with expansion and contraction of the first flexible diaphragm (45), the second side (40b) of the movable separator delimiting a second pumping chamber (48) inside the second expandable and contractable diaphragm (46) for containing a variable volume of a pumping hydraulic fluid in communication with the second inlet and outlet (31/32) in said second end (30) of the cylinder, said second inlet and outlet (31,32) communicating with said second pumping chamber (48) whereby in operation pumping hydraulic fluid enters said second pumping chamber (48) via the second inlet (31) and leaves said second pumping chamber (48) via the second outlet (32); anda closed annular non-pumping space (49) is defined between the outside of the first and second diaphragms (45, 46) and the inner wall of the pump cylinder (10), which annular non-pumping space (49) in use contains a non-pumping fluid that is the same as said pumping hydraulic fluid or is different to said pumping hydraulic fluid but has equivalent hydraulic characteristics. 2. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1, comprising a sensor for detecting foreign matter in hydraulic fluid in said closed annular non-pumping space (49). 3. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1 wherein the first inlet (21) is connected to external means for supplying the material to be pumped under an adjustable pressure sufficient to drive the separators (40) in an intake (return) stroke along the direction from the first end (20) towards the second end (30) of the cylinder (10). 4. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 3, wherein said means is arranged to supply the material to be pumped under pneumatic pressure. 5. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1, comprising means (42, 43, 44) for limiting the length of the stroke of the to-and-fro movement of the movable separator (40) along each cylinder (10). 6. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 5, wherein the means for limiting the length of the stroke of the movable separator comprises at least one stop member (42, 43) which is carried by and protrudes from the first and/or second side (40a, 40b) of the movable separator (40) and can come to abut against the inside of the first (20) or second end (30) of the cylinder (10). 7. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1, comprising means (51,53) for detecting the position of the movable separator (40) along each cylinder (10), and for controlling the opening and closing of the second inlet and outlet valves (33,34) to produce to-and-fro movement of the movable separators (40) with a controlled stroke length. 8. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 7, wherein said position detecting means comprises a rod (51) connected for to-and-fro movement with the movable separator (40) and which slidably extends through a bore (52) in the second end (30) of the pump, and means (53) for detecting the position of the rod (51). 9. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 6, further comprising means for metering the flow of pumping hydraulic fluid leaving the pump cylinders (10) via said outlets (32). 10. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 9, wherein said position detecting means (21,53) for detecting position and said metering means are associated with a display for showing the positions and the directions of movement of the movable separators (40) in the pump cylinders (10). 11. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1, wherein variable volumes of pumping hydraulic fluid in the second pumping chambers (48) of the pump cylinders (10.1-10.12) are connected via the second inlets and outlets (32,33) to a hydraulic circuit (60) external of the cylinders, and wherein the pump contains a given volume of driving hydraulic fluid equal to the sum of the volume of hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic circuit outside the cylinders plus the sum of the volumes of pumping hydraulic fluid in said second pumping chambers (48) of the cylinders, the volume of pumping hydraulic fluid in the individual cylinders (10) varying with the to-and-fro movements of the movable separators (40), while the sum of the volumes of pumping hydraulic fluid in said second pumping chambers (48) of the cylinders (10.1-10.12) remains substantially constant and is substantially equal to ½ the total displacement volume of the cylinders (10.1-10.12) defined as the total volume of hydraulic fluid that is displaceable in each cylinder (10) for the full to-and-fro stroke of each movable member (40) times the number of cylinders. 12. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 11, comprising a device (65) for adjusting the volume of hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic circuit (60) to compensate for thermal expansion of the hydraulic fluid, which is arranged to maintain the volume of pumping hydraulic fluid in the pump cylinders (10.1-10.12) substantially constant and always substantially equal to ½ the total displacement volume of the cylinders. 13. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 12, wherein the compensating device (65) comprises a hydraulic fluid cylinder (66) containing a variable volume of hydraulic fluid determined by a movable member (67) applying pneumatic pressure to the hydraulic fluid. 14. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1, which is arranged such that in operation the movable separators (40) move with an intake (return) stroke in the direction from the first (20) towards the second end (30) of the cylinders at constant but adjustable speed for all cylinders, and with a pumping stroke in the direction from the second (30) towards the first end (20) of the cylinders at variable speed that is a function of the volume of pumping hydraulic fluid delivered by the cylinders. 15. The hydraulically driven multicylinder diaphragm pumping machine of claim 1, which is arranged such that in use one or a relatively small number of the total number of movable separators (40) is effecting an intake (return) stroke at a relatively high speed while a greater number of movable members (40) are effecting a discharge stroke at a relatively slow speed. 16. A pump cylinder of a hydraulically driven multicylinder pumping machine, the pump cylinder having a first end (20) with a first inlet and outlet (21) for fluid material to be pumped and a second end (30) with a second inlet and outlet (31,32) for pumping hydraulic fluid, the inlets and outlets being associated with respective valves (23,24,25;32,33), a separator (40) located inside and movable to-and-fro along the pump cylinder (10), the movable separator having a first side (40a) facing the first end (20) of the cylinder and a second side (40b) facing the second end (30) of the cylinder, wherein: the movable separator (40) is connected to the inside of the first end (20) of the cylinder by a first flexible diaphragm (45) in the form of a bellows that is expandable and contractable in concertina-like manner inside the cylinder (10) along the length direction of the cylinder as the movable separator (40) moves to-and-fro along the cylinder, the first side (40a) of the movable separator (40) delimiting a first pumping chamber (47) inside the expandable and contractable flexible diaphragm (45) for containing a variable volume of pumped fluid material in communication with the first inlet and outlet (21) in said first end (20) of the cylinder, said first inlet and outlet (21) communicating with said first pumping chamber (47) whereby in operation fluid material to be pumped enters said first pumping chamber (47) via the first inlet and pumped fluid material leaves said first pumping chamber (47) via the first outlet;the movable separator (40) is connected to the inside of the second end (10) of the cylinder by a second flexible diaphragm (46) in the form of a bellows that is contractable and expandable in concertina-like manner along the length direction of the cylinder in correspondence with expansion and contraction of the first flexible diaphragm, the second side (40b) of the movable separator (40) delimiting a second pumping chamber (48) for containing a variable volume of a pumping hydraulic fluid in communication with the second inlet and outlet (32,33) in said second end (30) of the cylinder, said second inlet and outlet (31,32) communicating with said second pumping chamber (48) whereby in operation pumping hydraulic fluid enters said second pumping chamber (48) via the second inlet (31) and leaves said second pumping chamber (48) via the second outlet (32); anda closed annular non-pumping space (49) is defined between the outside of the first and second diaphragms (47, 46) and the inner wall of the pump cylinder which annular non-pumping space (49) in use contains a non-pumping fluid that is the same as said pumping hydraulic fluid or is different to said pumping hydraulic fluid but has equivalent hydraulic characteristics to said hydraulic fluid. 17. A method of operating a hydraulically driven multicylinder pumping machine comprising a plurality of pump cylinders (10.1-10.12) each having a first end (20) with a first inlet and outlet (21) for fluid to be pumped and a second end (30) with a second inlet and outlet (31, 32) for hydraulic fluid, the inlets and outlets being associated with respective valves (23, 24; 33, 34), a separator (40) located inside and movable to-and-fro along the pump cylinder (10), the movable separator (40) having a first side (40a) facing the first end (20) of the cylinder and a second side (40b) facing the second end (30) of the cylinder, wherein: the movable separator (40) is connected to the inside (12) of the first end (20) of the cylinder by a first flexible diaphragm (45) in the form of a bellows that is expandable and contractable in concertina-like manner inside the cylinder (10) along the length direction of the cylinder as the movable separator (40) moves to-and-fro along the cylinder, the first side (40a) of the movable separator delimiting a first pumping chamber (47) inside the expandable and contractable flexible diaphragm (45) for containing a variable volume of pumped fluid material in communication with the first inlet and outlet (21) in said first end (20) of the cylinder, said first inlet and outlet (21) communicating with said first chamber (47) whereby in operation fluid material to be pumped enters said first pumping chamber (47) via the first inlet and pumped fluid material leaves said first pumping chamber (47) via the first outlet;the movable separator (40) is connected to the inside (14) of the second end (30) of the cylinder by a second flexible diaphragm (46) in the form of a bellows that is contractable and expandable in concertina-like manner along the length direction of the cylinder (10) in correspondence with expansion and contraction of the first flexible diaphragm (45), the second side (40b) of the movable separator delimiting a second pumping chamber (48) inside the second expandable and contractable diaphragm (46) for containing a variable volume of a pumping hydraulic fluid in communication with the second inlet and outlet (31/32) in said second end (30) of the cylinder, said second inlet and outlet (31, 321 communicating with said second pumping chamber (48) whereby in operation pumping hydraulic fluid enters said second pumping chamber (48) via the second inlet (31) and leaves said second pumping chamber (48) via the second outlet (32); anda closed annular non-pumping space (49) is defined between the outside of the first and second diaphragms (45, 46) and the inner wall of the pump cylinder (10), which annular non-pumping space (49) in use contains a non-pumping fluid that is the same as said pumping hydraulic fluid or is different to said pumping hydraulic fluid but has equivalent hydraulic characteristics,wherein the first inlets and outlets (21) communicate the first pumping chambers (47) with a fluid material to be pumped under pressure, and the second inlets and outlets (31,32) communicate the second pumping chambers (48) with a pumping hydraulic fluid,the method comprising:driving the movable separators (40) of a first sub-group of cylinders with an intake (return) stroke along the direction from the first end (30) towards the second end (30) of the cylinder (10) to intake pressurized fluid material to be pumped into the first pumping chambers (47), and simultaneously discharge pumping hydraulic fluid from the corresponding second pumping chambers (48),while driving the movable separators (40) of a second sub-group of cylinders, that corresponds to the remaining cylinders of said plurality of cylinders, with a pumping stroke along the direction from the second end (20) towards the first end (20) of the cylinder (10) by intaking pressurized pumping hydraulic fluid into the corresponding second pumping chambers (48) to discharge pumped fluid material from the first pumping chambers (47),and maintaining the sum of the volumes of pumping hydraulic fluid in said second chambers (48) of the cylinders substantially constant and substantially equal to ½ the total displacement volume of the cylinders (48) defined as the total volume of hydraulic fluid that is displaceable in each cylinder (10) for the full to-and-fro stroke of each movable separator (40) times the number of cylinders. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the movable separators (40) move all with an intake stroke at constant speed, and with pumping strokes at variable speeds that are a function of the volume of the pumping hydraulic fluid delivered to the cylinders. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein one or a relatively small number of the total number of movable separators (40) is effecting an intake (return) stroke at a relatively high speed while a greater number of movable separators (40) are effecting a discharge stroke at relatively slow speed. 20. The method of claim 17 which comprises starting up the hydraulically driven multicylinder pumping machine according to the following procedure: filling the pump cylinders (10) with different volumes of hydraulic oil so that the pump cylinders (10.1-10.12) contain in total a volume of hydraulic oil equal to ½ the total displacement volume of the cylinders (10.1-10.12);placing the movable separators (40) in to-and-fro motion while maintaining the same total volume of pumping hydraulic fluid in the cylinders (10.1-10.12).
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