IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0196334
(2011-08-02)
|
등록번호 |
US-8120132
(2012-02-21)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Guha, Supratik
- Gunawan, Oki
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- International Business Machines Corporation
|
대리인 / 주소 |
Scully, Scott, Murphy & Presser, P.C.
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
7 인용 특허 :
16 |
초록
▼
A photovoltaic cell and a method of forming an electrode grid on a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate of a photovoltaic cell are disclosed. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic cell comprises a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate; a back electrode electrically connected to a back surface of the su
A photovoltaic cell and a method of forming an electrode grid on a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate of a photovoltaic cell are disclosed. In one embodiment, the photovoltaic cell comprises a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate; a back electrode electrically connected to a back surface of the substrate; and a front electrode electrically connected to a front surface of the substrate. The substrate, back electrode, and front electrode form an electric circuit for generating an electric current when said substrate absorbs light. The front electrode is comprised of a metal grid defining a multitude of holes. These holes may be periodic, aperiodic, or partially periodic. The front electrode may be formed by depositing nanospheres on the substrate; forming a metallic layer on the substrate, around the nanospheres; and removing the nanospheres, leaving an electrode grid defining a multitude of holes on the substrate.
대표청구항
▼
1. A photovoltaic cell comprising: a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate having a front, light receiving surface, and a back surface;a back electrode electrically connected to said back surface; anda front electrode electrically connected to the front surface;wherein the substrate, back electrode,
1. A photovoltaic cell comprising: a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate having a front, light receiving surface, and a back surface;a back electrode electrically connected to said back surface; anda front electrode electrically connected to the front surface;wherein the substrate, back electrode, and front electrode form an electric circuit for generating an electric current when said substrate absorbs light; andwherein said front electrode is comprised of a metal grid defining a multitude of holes having widths less than 1000 nms, and the holes have a shape, size and pattern that provide the metal grid with greater than 80% transmission of light through the metal grid. 2. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein said holes form a periodic pattern in said front electrode. 3. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 2, wherein said pattern repeats with a period between 200 nms and 50 ums. 4. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein said holes form an aperiodic pattern in said front electrode. 5. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein said holes form a partially periodic pattern in said front electrode. 6. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein said holes have circular shapes with diameters between 100 and 1000 nms. 7. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, for use with light at a wavelength λ, and wherein said multitude of holes have widths greater than λ. 8. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, for use with light at a wavelength λ, and wherein said multitude of holes have widths less than λ. 9. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, for use with light at a wavelength λ, and wherein some of said multitude of holes have widths greater than λ, and others of said multitude of holes have widths less than λ. 10. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1, wherein the electrode grid has a minimum shadowing factor of 9.3%. 11. A photovoltaic cell comprising: a photovoltaic semiconductor substrate having a front, light receiving surface, and a back surface;a back electrode electrically connected to said back surface; anda front electrode electrically connected to the front surface;wherein the substrate, back electrode, and front electrode form an electric circuit for generating an electric current when said substrate absorbs light; andwherein said front electrode is comprised of a metal grid attached to said front surface and defining a multitude of circular openings having diameters less than 1000 nms and forming a periodic pattern in said grid having a period of between 200 nms and 50 μms, and the shape, size and pattern of the openings of the metal grid provide the metal grid with greater than 80% transmission of light through the metal grid. 12. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 11 for converting photonic energy to said electrical current, said photonic energy having a defined average operating wavelength, and wherein said period is less than the average operating wavelength to enable a plasmonics effect of enhanced transmission phenomena of light through said openings. 13. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 11, wherein the diameters of said openings are less than 700 nm to reduce shadowing loss due to reflection of the front electrode. 14. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 11, wherein the openings have diameters between 100 and 1000 nms. 15. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 11, wherein the electrode grid, due to the shape, size and pattern of the openings of the electrode grid, couples light, using a surface plasmon effect, to reduce light energy as transmitted light.
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