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In the field of water treatment, this invention relates to economical methods, processes and apparatus for preparing Class A bio-solids wherein: dewatering costs and energy costs are efficient, the solids product has reduced ammonia and sulfide odor, and the concentration of solids in the aqueous so

In the field of water treatment, this invention relates to economical methods, processes and apparatus for preparing Class A bio-solids wherein: dewatering costs and energy costs are efficient, the solids product has reduced ammonia and sulfide odor, and the concentration of solids in the aqueous solids may vary from approximately 3 to approximately 90 percent. This invention presents mesMophilic and thermophilic digestion in concert, wherein mesophilic digestion incorporates strains of Thiobacillus with nitrifiers to remove sulfide(s) and ammonia from bio-solids. Chemical dewatering of thermophilic digested bio-solids is accomplished incorporating a cationic, quatemized or an anionic polyacrylamide with at least one selected from a list consisting of: an aluminum salt, an iron salt, an amine comprising a quatemized nitrogen moiety and any combination therein. A quatemized polyacrylamide is presented alone. The use of magnesium oxide and/or magnesium hydroxide as a disinfectant/preservative for said bio-solids Is also presented.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method of aqueous solids treatment comprising: digesting the aqueous solids in a thermophilic digestion vessel under thermophilic conditions to produce thermophilic digested solids, whereinthe thermophilic digestion vessel is aerobic or anaerobic; thentransferring the thermophilic digested soli

1. A method of aqueous solids treatment comprising: digesting the aqueous solids in a thermophilic digestion vessel under thermophilic conditions to produce thermophilic digested solids, whereinthe thermophilic digestion vessel is aerobic or anaerobic; thentransferring the thermophilic digested solids to a mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel; and thendigesting the transferred thermophilic digested solids in the mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel under mesophilic conditions; whereinthe mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel comprises bacteria capable of oxidizing hydrogen sulfide to sulfur or reducing sulfur dioxide to sulfur, and whereinthe bacteria metabolize the sulfur, such thatthe concentration of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide within the thermophilic digested solids is reduced during said mesophilic aerobic digestion. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method renders said thermophilic digested solids Class A per the US EPA's 40 CFR 503 regulation. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method renders said thermophilic digested solids to comprise: an ammonium hydroxide concentration of less than 350 mg/L, ora concentration of said hydrogen sulfide and said sulfur dioxide of less than 5 mg/L. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of: air, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof is added to said aqueous solids in said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel or to said aqueous solids upstream of said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of ammonia or of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide is reduced in the vapors from said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel or in the vapors from said thermophilic digestion vessel by at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit; wherein the at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit(s) comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers and any combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising the step of adding to said at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit(s) at least one selected from the group consisting of: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising the cooling of said thermophilic digested solids from said thermophilic digestion vessel to said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel, along with the heating of said aqueous solids to said thermophilic digestion vessel. 9. The method of claim 1, 2, 4 or 5, wherein said method further comprises the dewatering of said thermophilic digested solids, and wherein the percent solids in said thermophilic digested solids is increased. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising the addition to said thermophilic digested solids of at least one selected from of the group consisting of: an amine comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof along with or prior to the addition of a cationic polyacrylamide. 11. The method of claim 9, further comprising the addition to said thermophilic digested solids of a cationic polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety. 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising the addition to said thermophilic digested solids of a polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety in concert with or prior to the addition of a cationic polyacrylamide or prior to the addition of an anionic polyacrylamide. 13. The method of claim 9, further comprising the addition to said thermophilic digested solids of a polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety in concert with or after the addition of at least one selected from the group consisting of: a polyquaternary amine, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein said method further comprises hot air or evaporative air drying. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the water from said dewatering is sent to said mesophilic digestion vessel or a to a mesophilic treatment unit, wherein the concentration of ammonium hydroxide or of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide is reduced in the water. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said mesophilic treatment unit comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the addition of at least one selected from the group consisting of: air, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof to said mesophilic treatment unit or to said water prior to said mesophilic treatment unit. 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of thermophilic anaerobic digestion or facultative mesophilic digestion, wherein facultative biological cultures therein transform nitrates or nitrites into nitrogen gas, whereinthe thermophilic anaerobic digestion can comprise said thermophilic digestion vessel or another vessel comprising thermophilic anaerobic digestion, and whereinthe facultative mesophilic digestion can comprise said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel or another vessel comprising facultative mesophilic digestion. 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising the recycle of at least a portion of said thermophilic digested solids from said mesophilic aerobic digestion vessel to said thermophilic digestion vessel. 20. A method of reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide within aqueous solids, the method comprising adding to the aqueous solids Thiobacillus or Thiobacillus denitrificans, whereinat least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide or of the sulfur dioxide is converted to elemental sulfur being metabolized by the Thiobacillus or Thiobacillus denitrificans. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein after said addition said concentration of said hydrogen sulfide and of said sulfur dioxide is less than 5 mg/L. 22. The method of claim 20, further comprising the addition of nitrifiers to said aqueous solids. 23. The method of claim 20, wherein the ammonium hydroxide concentration within said aqueous solids after said addition is less than 350 mg/L. 24. A method of aqueous solids treatment, comprising a step of mesophilic aerobic digestion, whereinthe mesophilic aerobic digestion comprises Thiobacillus or Thiobacillus Denitrificans, and whereinat least a portion of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide is converted to elemental sulfur being metabolized by the Thiobacillus or Thiobacillus denitrificans. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein nitrification is performed. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising nitrifiers in said mesophilic aerobic digestion. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein said nitrifiers comprise nitrosomonas or nitrosomonas and nitrobactor. 28. The method of claim 25, wherein carbonate or bicarbonate is added. 29. The method of claim 1, wherein said thermophilic digested solids are used as a fertilizer. 30. The method of claim 1, wherein said thermophilic digested solids are blended with at least one selected from the group consisting of: a nitrogen salt, urea, an organic-nitrogen compound, a phosphate salt, an organic-phosphorous compound, a potassium salt, an ammonia/phosphate compound and any combination thereof. 31. The method of claim 1, wherein said solids are blended with a salt comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of: iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, sulfur, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, iodine and any combination thereof. 32. A process for digesting aqueous solids defining a process flow path in which the aqueous solids travel through a number of units including at least one thermophilic digestion unit prior to at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit, wherein the thermophilic digestion unit is aerobic or anaerobic;the aqueous solids in said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s) comprise Thiobacillus or Thiobacillus denitrificans, whereinthe concentration of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide is reduced in the aqueous solids, and whereinat least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide or of the sulfur dioxide is converted to elemental sulfur being metabolized by the Thiobacillus or Thiobacillus denitrificans. 33. The process of claim 32, wherein said aqueous solids from said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s) comprise a concentration of said hydrogen sulfide and said sulfur dioxide of less than 5 mg/L. 34. The process of claim 32, wherein said aqueous solids from said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s) comprise a concentration of ammonium hydroxide of less than 350 mg/L. 35. The process of claim 32, wherein said process renders said aqueous solids Class A per the US EPA's 40 CFR 503 regulation. 36. The process of claim 32, further comprising at least one unit adding to said aqueous solids prior to or in said at least one mesophilic treatment unit(s) at least one selected from the group consisting of: Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 37. The process of claim 32, further comprising at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit, wherein the vapors from said mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s) or from said thermophilic digestion unit(s) are sent to the at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit(s), whereinthe at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit(s) comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of: Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof, such that the concentration of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide is reduced in said vapors, and whereinat least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide or of the sulfur dioxide is converted to elemental sulfur. 38. The process of claim 37, further comprising at least one unit adding to said at least one gas scrubbing mesophilic treatment unit(s) at least one selected from the group consisting of: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 39. The process of claim 32, further comprising at least one heat exchanger in aqueous solids piping prior to said at least one thermophilic digestion unit(s) or in aqueous solids piping between said at least one thermophilic digestion unit(s) and said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s). 40. The process of claim 32, 36 or 37, wherein said process further comprises a step of dewatering in said process at a point after said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit, and wherein the step of dewatering increases the percent solids in said aqueous solids. 41. The process of claim 40, further comprising the addition to said aqueous solids of at least one selected from of the group consisting of: an amine comprising a quatemized nitrogen moiety, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof along with or prior to the addition of a cationic polyacrylamide. 42. The process of claim 40, further comprising the addition to said aqueous solids of a cationic polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety. 43. The process of claim 40, further comprising the addition to said aqueous solids of a polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety along with or prior to the addition of a cationic polyacrylamide or prior to the addition of an anionic polyacrylamide. 44. The process of claim 40, further comprising the addition to said aqueous solids a cationic polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety in concert with or after the addition of at least one selected from the group consisting of: a polyquaternary amine, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof. 45. The process of claim 40, wherein said process further comprises at least one hot air or evaporative air drying unit in said process at a point in said process downstream of said dewatering unit, and wherein the percent solids in said aqueous is increased. 46. The process of claim 40, wherein the water from said dewatering unit(s) is sent to said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s) or to at least one mesophilic treatment unit, wherein the concentration of hydrogen sulfide or of sulfur dioxide is reduced in the water, and whereinat least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide or of the sulfur dioxide is converted to elemental sulfur. 47. The process of claim 46, wherein said at least one mesophilic treatment unit(s) comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of: magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 48. The process of claim 46, further comprising at least one unit adding to said at least one mesophilic treatment unit(s) or to said water prior to said at least one mesophilic treatment unit(s) at least one selected from the group consisting of: Thiobacillus, Thiobacillus denitrificans, nitrifiers, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate and any combination thereof. 49. The process of claim 47, wherein said nitrifiers comprise nitrosomonas or nitrosomonas and nitrobactor. 50. The process of claim 32, further comprising at least one anaerobic digestion unit or at least one facultative mesophilic digestion unit operating downstream of said mesophilic digestion unit(s), wherein facultative biological cultures therein transform nitrates or nitrites into nitrogen gas. 51. The process of claim 32, further comprising the recycle of at least a portion of said aqueous solids from said at least one mesophilic aerobic digestion unit(s) to said at least one thermophilic digestion unit(s). 52. The process of claim 32, wherein said aqueous solids from said process are used as a fertilizer. 53. The process of claim 52, further comprising at least one unit mixing said aqueous solids with at least one selected from the group consisting of: a nitrogen salt, urea, an organic-nitrogen compound, a phosphate salt, an organic-phosphorous compound, a potassium salt, an ammonia/phosphate compound and any combination thereof. 54. The process of claim 52, further comprising at least one unit mixing said aqueous solids with at least one salt of an element from the group consisting of: iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, zinc, sulfur, selenium, chromium, molybdenum, iodine and any combination thereof. 55. The method of claim 9, further comprising the addition to said thermophilic digested solids of at least one selected from of the group consisting of: an amine comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof prior to the addition of an anionic polyacrylamide. 56. The process of claim 40, further comprising the addition to said aqueous solids of at least one selected from of the group consisting of: an amine comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof prior to the addition of an anionic polyacrylamide. 57. The method of claim 9, further comprising the addition to said thermophilic digested solids a combination, said combination comprising a cationic polyacrylamide comprising a quatemized nitrogen moiety in concert with or after at least one selected from of the group consisting of: an amine comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof, whereinsaid combination is added to said aqueous solids with or prior to a cationic polyacrylamide or prior to an anionic polyacrylamide. 58. The process of claim 40, further comprising the addition to said aqueous solids a combination, said combination comprising a cationic polyacrylamide comprising a quaternized nitrogen moiety in concert with or after at least one selected from of the group consisting of: an amine comprising a quatemized nitrogen moiety, an iron salt, an aluminum salt and any combination thereof, whereinsaid combination is added to said aqueous solids with or prior to a cationic polyacrylamide or prior to an anionic polyacrylamide. 59. The method of claim 20 or 24, further comprising adding magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide to said aqueous solids. 60. The process of claim 32, wherein said aqueous solids further comprise magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide. 61. The process of claim 48, wherein said nitrifiers comprise nitrosomonas or nitrosomonas and nitrobactor.