IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0582760
(2009-10-21)
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등록번호 |
US-8128735
(2012-03-06)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Siriwardane, Ranjani V.
- Stevens, Robert W.
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출원인 / 주소 |
- The United States of America as represented by the United States Department of Energy
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
2 인용 특허 :
6 |
초록
▼
A method for separating CO2 from a gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents using a zeolite sorbent in a swing-adsorption process, producing a high temperature CO2 stream at a higher CO2 pressure than the input gas stream. The method utilizes CO2 desorption in a CO2 atmosphere and
A method for separating CO2 from a gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents using a zeolite sorbent in a swing-adsorption process, producing a high temperature CO2 stream at a higher CO2 pressure than the input gas stream. The method utilizes CO2 desorption in a CO2 atmosphere and effectively integrates heat transfers for optimizes overall efficiency. H2O adsorption does not preclude effective operation of the sorbent. The cycle may be incorporated in an IGCC for efficient pre-combustion CO2 capture. A particular application operates on shifted syngas at a temperature exceeding 200° C. and produces a dry CO2 stream at low temperature and high CO2 pressure, greatly reducing any compression energy requirements which may be subsequently required.
대표청구항
▼
1. A method of separating CO2 from a process gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce a high pressure o
1. A method of separating CO2 from a process gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce a high pressure output gas stream, comprising: Generating an input gas stream comprised of the process gas stream, such that the input gas stream is comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents, and such that the input gas stream has a first CO2 pressure;Contacting the input gas stream with the zeolite sorbent at a first temperature and the first CO2 pressure, such that the zeolite sorbent adsorbs some portion of the CO2 from the input gas stream, and transferring heat from the zeolite sorbent with a first heat transfer to maintain the zeolite sorbent at the first temperature, thereby producing a loaded zeolite sorbent;Surrounding the loaded zeolite sorbent with a CO2 atmosphere comprised of at least 90 mol % CO2 to attain a second CO2 pressure, where the second CO2 pressure is greater than the first CO2 pressure, and increasing the temperature of the loaded zeolite sorbent to a second temperature by transferring heat to the loaded zeolite sorbent with a second heat transfer, thereby producing desorbed CO2 from the loaded zeolite sorbent and producing an unloaded zeolite sorbent; andGenerating the output gas stream, where the output gas stream is comprised of some portion of the CO2 atmosphere and some portion of the desorbed CO2, thereby separating CO2 from a process gas stream comprised of CO2 and other gaseous constituents in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce a high pressure output gas stream. 2. The method of claim 1 where the input gas stream is further comprised of H2O and the second temperature is at least 275 degrees Celsius. 3. The method of claim 1 where the CO2 atmosphere surrounding the loaded zeolite is provided by a regeneration stream comprised of a portion of the output gas stream. 4. The method of claim 1 where the input gas stream is contacted with a zeolite sorbent in a capture reactor, and including transferring the loaded zeolite sorbent from the capture reactor to a regeneration reactor, and where the loaded zeolite sorbent is surrounded with a CO2 atmosphere in the regeneration reactor, and the output gas stream is generated from the regeneration reactor. 5. The method of claim 4 including transferring the unloaded zeolite sorbent from the regeneration reactor to the capture reactor and cooling the unloaded zeolite during the transfer, such that the unloaded zeolite sorbent serves as the zeolite sorbent at the first temperature and the initial pressure. 6. The method of claim 5 where the CO2 atmosphere surrounding the loaded zeolite in the regeneration reactor is provided by a regeneration stream comprised of a portion of the output gas stream. 7. The method of claim 6 including cooling the output gas stream to a third temperature then splitting the output gas stream into the regeneration stream and a final CO2 stream, and including heating the regeneration stream with a third heat transfer. 8. The method of claim 7 where the input gas stream is further comprised of H2O, and including removing some portion of the H2O from the output gas stream at the third temperature. 9. The method of claim 7 where the process gas stream has a temperature exceeding the first temperature, and including cooling the process gas stream to the first temperature with a fourth heat transfer and transferring heat from the fourth heat transfer to the regeneration stream, such that the third heat transfer is comprised of heat from the fourth heat transfer. 10. The method of claim 9 where the process gas stream is a shifted syngas stream from a water-gas-shift reactor. 11. The method of claim 7 where the unloaded zeolite sorbent is cooled during transfer with a fifth heat transfer, and including transferring heat from the fifth heat transfer to the regeneration stream, such that the third heat transfer is comprised of heat from the fifth heat transfer. 12. The method of claim 4 including generating a CO2-depleted gas stream from the capture reactor, generating steam using an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle powered by at least a portion of the CO2-depleted gas stream, and indirectly transferring heat from a portion of the generated steam to the regeneration reactor, such that the second heat transfer is comprised of heat from the portion of the generated steam. 13. The method of claim 1 where the zeolite sorbent is one of zeolite 4A, zeolite 5A, or zeolite 13X. 14. The method of claim 1 where the first CO2 pressure exceeds 70 psig and the first temperature exceeds 100 degrees Celsius. 15. A method of separating CO2 from a process gas stream comprised of CO2, H2O and other gaseous constituents in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce a final CO2 stream at high pressure, comprising: generating an input gas stream comprised of the process gas stream, such that the input gas stream is comprised of CO2, H2O and other gaseous constituents, and such that the input gas stream has a first CO2 pressure;Contacting the input gas stream with the zeolite sorbent at a first temperature and the first CO2 pressure in a capture reactor, such that the zeolite sorbent adsorbs some portion of the CO2 and some portion of the H2O from the input gas stream, and transferring heat from the zeolite sorbent with a first heat transfer to maintain the zeolite sorbent at the first temperature, thereby producing a loaded zeolite sorbent, and generating a CO2-depleted gas stream from the capture reactor;transferring the loaded zeolite sorbent from the capture reactor to a regeneration reactor, where the regeneration reactor contains a CO2 atmosphere, where the CO2 atmosphere is comprised of at least 90 mol % CO2 and where the CO2 atmosphere has a second CO2 pressure greater than the first CO2 pressure;increasing and maintaining the temperature of the loaded zeolite sorbent in the regeneration reactor at a second temperature by transferring heat to the loaded zeolite sorbent with a second heat transfer, where the second temperature exceeds the first temperature and the second temperature is at least 275 degrees Celsius, thereby producing desorbed CO2 and H2O from the loaded zeolite sorbent and producing an unloaded zeolite sorbent;Generating an output gas stream from the regeneration reactor, where the output gas stream is comprised of some portion of the CO2 atmosphere and some portion of the desorbed CO2 and H2O, and cooling the output gas stream to a third temperature below the first temperature and removing some portion of the H2O in the output gas stream;Splitting the output gas stream at the third temperature into a regeneration gas stream and the final CO2 stream, and directing the regeneration gas stream to the regeneration reactor, such that the CO2 atmosphere is comprised of CO2 from the regeneration stream; andtransferring the unloaded zeolite sorbent from the regeneration reactor to the capture reactor and cooling the unloaded zeolite sorbent during the transfer, such that the unloaded zeolite sorbent serves as the zeolite sorbent at the first temperature and the initial pressure, thereby separating CO2 from a process gas stream comprised of CO2, H2O and other gaseous constituents in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce the final CO2 stream at high pressure. 16. The method of claim 15 where the first temperature exceeds 120 degrees Celsius and the second temperature further exceeds 330 degrees Celsius. 17. The method of claim 15 where the regeneration stream is heated with a third heat transfer, and where the process gas stream has a temperature exceeding the first temperature and including cooling the process gas stream to the first temperature with a fourth heat transfer, and where the unloaded zeolite sorbent is cooled during transfer with a fifth heat transfer, and transferring heat from the fourth heat transfer and the fifth heat transfer to the regeneration stream, such that the third heat transfer is comprised of heat from the fourth heat transfer and the fifth heat transfer. 18. The method of claim 16 where the process gas stream is a shifted syngas stream from a water-gas-shift reactor, and an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle powered by at least a portion of the CO2-depleted gas stream produces generated steam, and including indirectly transferring heat from a portion of the generated steam to the capture reactor, such that the second heat transfer is comprised of heat from the portion of the generated steam. 19. A method of separating CO2 from a shifted syngas stream comprised of CO2, H2O and H2 in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce a final CO2 stream at high pressure, comprising: Generating the shifted syngas stream at a shifted syngas temperature greater than 120 degrees Celsius in a WGS reactor;Cooling the shifted syngas stream to a first temperature, where the first temperature is less than the shifted syngas temperature and at least 120 degrees Celsius, by transferring heat from the shifted syngas stream, such that the shifted syngas stream has a first CO2 pressure at the first temperature;Contacting the shifted syngas stream with the zeolite sorbent at the first temperature and the first CO2 pressure in a capture reactor, such that the zeolite sorbent adsorbs some portion of the CO2 and some portion of the H2O from the shifted syngas stream, and transferring heat from the zeolite sorbent with a first heat transfer to maintain the zeolite sorbent at the first temperature, thereby producing a loaded zeolite sorbent, and generating an H2 gas stream from the capture reactor, where the H2 gas stream is comprised of the shifted syngas stream less the some portion of the CO2 and the some portion of the H2O adsorbed by the zeolite sorbent;generating steam having a steam temperature greater than 275 degrees Celsius using an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle powered by at least a portion of the H2 gas stream;transferring the loaded zeolite sorbent from the capture reactor to a regeneration reactor, where the regeneration reactor contains a CO2 atmosphere, where the CO2 atmosphere is comprised of at least 90 mol % CO2 and where the CO2 atmosphere has a second CO2 pressure greater than the first CO2 pressure, and where the second CO2 pressure is at least 225 psig;increasing and maintaining the temperature of the loaded zeolite sorbent in the regeneration reactor at a second temperature, where the second temperature exceeds the first temperature and the second temperature is at least 275 degrees Celsius and the second temperature is less than the steam temperature, by transferring heat indirectly to the loaded zeolite sorbent from the steam with a second heat transfer, thereby producing desorbed CO2 and H2O from the loaded zeolite sorbent and producing an unloaded zeolite sorbent;transferring the unloaded zeolite sorbent from the regeneration reactor to the capture reactor, and cooling the unloaded zeolite sorbent to the first temperature by transferring heat from the unloaded zeolite sorbent;Generating an output gas stream from the regeneration reactor, where the output gas stream is comprised of some portion of the CO2 atmosphere and some portion of the desorbed CO2 and H2O, and cooling the output gas stream to a third temperature below the first temperature and removing some portion of the H2O in the output gas stream;Splitting the output gas stream at the third temperature into a regeneration gas stream and a final CO2 stream; andHeating the regeneration stream with a third heat transfer, where the third heat transfer is comprised of heat from the transferring heat from the shifted syngas stream and heat from the transferring heat from the unloaded zeolite sorbent, and directing the regeneration gas stream to the regeneration reactor, such that the CO2 atmosphere is comprised of CO2 from the regeneration stream, thereby separating CO2 from a process gas stream comprised of CO2, H2O and other gaseous constituents in an adsorption/desorption cycle using a zeolite sorbent, where the desorption cycle is conducted under conditions of increased temperature and increased CO2 pressure to produce the final CO2 stream at high pressure. 20. The method of claim 19 where the shifted syngas temperature further exceeds 200 degrees Celsius and the second temperature further exceeds 330 degrees Celsius.
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