IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 |
US-0041376
(2011-03-05)
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등록번호 |
US-8131096
(2012-03-06)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Chen, Wen-hsiung
- Wu, Fang
- Toebes, John A.
- Rosenfeld, Dov
- Pelton, Gregory D.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
1 인용 특허 :
91 |
초록
▼
Coding quantized transform coefficients as occur in image compression combines a position identifying method to identify the relative position of clusters of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients, an amplitude event identifying method to identify amplitude events in the clusters of non-zero-value
Coding quantized transform coefficients as occur in image compression combines a position identifying method to identify the relative position of clusters of consecutive non-zero-valued coefficients, an amplitude event identifying method to identify amplitude events in the clusters of non-zero-valued coefficients, and a coding method to code the position events, amplitude events, and signs of the amplitudes in the clusters. The method is particularly applicable to a series of quantized transform coefficients where clusters are likely-to-occur.
대표청구항
▼
1. A method of operating processing hardware, the method comprising: (a) accepting image data represented by an ordered series of digital signals representing a block of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data, the signals each having a respective value, including a respective am
1. A method of operating processing hardware, the method comprising: (a) accepting image data represented by an ordered series of digital signals representing a block of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data, the signals each having a respective value, including a respective amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of a most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the at least one other amplitude including a second-most likely-to-occur amplitude;(b) using a position event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify position events that each include a cluster of at least one consecutive signal having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that the position events define the positions and runlengths of the clusters and of any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude;(c) using an amplitude event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify amplitude events defining the amplitudes of the signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(d) encoding the identified position events, the identified amplitude events, and the signs of the amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude in the identified amplitude events, such that for at least some of the identified position events and identified amplitude events, events containing a cluster of signals having more likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude are each encoded by a concatenation of one or more codewords that is shorter than the concatenation of the one or more codewords that encodes at least one event containing a cluster of signals having less likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(e) outputting the codewords formed by the encoding, wherein the position event identifying method uses 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying, 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying including identifying position events that each includes a run of one or more consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude preceded by either no signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, or a run of one or more consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, each position event identified by the runlengths of the preceding run of consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a runlength of 0, and the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 2. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients. 3. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and wherein the transformed block of image data includes a DC term, and wherein the DC term is separately encoded, such that the series of digital signals is a set of non-DC quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data. 4. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and wherein (d) includes separately encoding the signs of the amplitudes. 5. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and wherein the encoding of the amplitude events and of the position events uses coding tables. 6. A method as recited in claim 5, wherein each of the respective coding tables is constructed by assigning a variable length code to at least some of the respective events being coded by the coding table according to measured or assumed statistics of the respective event being coded by the coding table. 7. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the amplitude event identifying method uses Multi-Dimensional Amplitude Event Identifying, Multi-Dimensional Amplitude Event Identifying including identifying amplitude events that include a run of consecutive signals of amplitude or amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 8. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the amplitude event identifying method uses: (a) Multi-Table Amplitude Event Identifying that includes, in each run of consecutive signals of value or values having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, identifying amplitude events of at least one consecutive signal, an identified amplitude event including a sequence of at least one consecutive signal having the next most likely-to-occur amplitude that ends in a signal having other than the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, or ascertaining that the amplitude event has only a signal having other than the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, or ascertaining that the amplitude event has only a sequence of consecutive signals having the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, each identified amplitude event defined by the length of the run of consecutive signals of amplitude value or values other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the length of the sequence of at least one consecutive signal having the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, and by the amplitude of the last signal in the run, or(b) a third amplitude event identifying method that includes, in each run of consecutive signals of value or values having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, identifying amplitude events of a single signal having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 9. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the position event identifying method uses 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying and wherein the amplitude event identifying method identifies individual amplitudes in the clusters. 10. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the encoding of the identified position and amplitude events includes encoding the identified position events jointly with the identified amplitude events. 11. A method as recited in claim 1, wherein the encoding of the identified position and amplitude events includes separately encoding the identified position events and the identified amplitude events. 12. A computer-readable hardware storage medium configured with instructions that when executed by at least one processor of a processing system cause the processing system to carry out a method, the method comprising: (a) accepting image data represented by an ordered series of digital signals representing a block of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data, the signals each having a respective value, including a respective_amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of a most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the at least one other amplitude including a second-most likely-to-occur amplitude;(b) using a position event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify position events that each include a cluster of at least one consecutive signal having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that the position events define the positions and runlengths of the clusters and of any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude;(c) using an amplitude event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify the amplitudes of the signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(d) encoding the identified position events and encoding the identified amplitude events by respective codewords, and encoding the signs of the amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude in the identified amplitude events, such that for at least some of the identified position events and identified amplitude events, events containing a cluster of signals having more likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude are each encoded by a concatenation of one or more codewords that is shorter than the concatenation of one or more codewords that encodes at least one event containing a cluster of signals having less likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(e) outputting the codewords formed by the encoding, wherein the position event identifying method uses 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying, 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying including identifying position events that each includes a run of one or more consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude preceded by either no signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, or a run of one or more consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, each position event identified by the runlengths of the preceding run of consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a runlength of 0, and the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 13. A computer-readable hardware storage medium as recited in claim 12, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients. 14. A computer-readable hardware storage medium as recited in claim 12, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and wherein the encoding of the identified position and amplitude events includes encoding the identified position events jointly with the identified amplitude events. 15. A computer-readable hardware storage medium as recited in claim 12, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the step of identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients, and wherein the encoding of the identified position and amplitude events includes separately encoding the identified position events and the identified amplitude events. 16. A computer-readable hardware storage medium as recited in claim 12, wherein the amplitude event identifying method uses Multi-Dimensional Amplitude Event Identifying, Multi-Dimensional Amplitude Event Identifying including identifying amplitude events that include a run of consecutive signals of amplitude or amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 17. A computer-readable hardware storage medium as recited in claim 12, wherein the amplitude event identifying method uses: (a) Multi-Table Amplitude Event Identifying, Multi-Table Amplitude Event Identifying including in each run of consecutive signals of value or values having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, identifying amplitude events of at least one consecutive signal, an identified amplitude event including a sequence of at least one consecutive signal having the next most likely-to-occur amplitude that ends in a signal having other than the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, or ascertaining that the amplitude event has only a signal having other than the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, or ascertaining that the amplitude event has only a sequence of consecutive signals having the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, each identified amplitude event defined by the length of the run of consecutive signals of amplitude value or values other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the length of the sequence of at least one consecutive signal having the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude, and by the amplitude of the last signal in the run, or(b) a third amplitude event identifying method that includes, in each run of consecutive signals of value or values having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, identifying amplitude events of a single signal having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 18. An apparatus for processing an ordered series of digital signals, the signals being quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data, each signal having a respective value including an amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of a most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the at least one other amplitude including a second-most likely-to-occur amplitude to the most likely-to-occur amplitude, the apparatus comprising: (a) means for using a position event identifying method to identify position events that each include a cluster of at least one consecutive signal having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that the position events define the positions and runlengths of the clusters and of any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude;(b) means for using an amplitude event identifying method to identify the amplitudes of the signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(c) means for encoding the identified position events, for encoding the identified amplitude events, and for encoding the signs of the amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude in the identified amplitude events, such that for at least some of the signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, clusters of signals having more likely-to-occur signal amplitudes are each encoded by a concatenation of one or more codewords that is shorter) than the concatenation of the one or more codewords that encodes at least one cluster of signals having less likely-to-occur signal amplitudes, wherein the position event identifying method uses 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying, 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying including identifying position events that each includes a run of one or more consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude preceded by either no signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, or a run of one or more consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, each position event identified by the runlengths of the preceding run of consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a runlength of 0, and the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 19. An apparatus as recited in claim 18, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0. 20. A method of operating processing hardware, the method comprising: accepting a coded bitstream representing blocks of image data coded according to a coding method;recognizing codewords in the coded bitstream; anddecoding the codewords, wherein the coding method includes: (a) accepting image data represented by an ordered series of digital signals representing a block of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data, the signals each having a respective value, including a respective_amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of a most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the at least one other amplitude including a second-most likely-to-occur amplitude;(b) using a position event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify position events that each include a cluster of at least one consecutive signal having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that the position events define the positions and runlengths of the clusters and of any intervening runs of consecutive signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude;(c) using an amplitude event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify the amplitudes of the signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(d) encoding the identified position events and encoding the identified amplitude events by respective codewords, and encoding the signs of the amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude in the identified amplitude events, such that for at least some of the identified position events and identified amplitude events, events containing a cluster of signals having more likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude are each encoded by a concatenation of one or more codewords that is shorter than the concatenation of the one or more codewords that encodes at least one event containing a cluster of signals having less likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(e) outputting the codewords formed by the encoding, wherein the position event identifying method uses 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying, 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying including identifying position events that each includes a run of one or more consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude preceded by either no signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, or a run of one or more consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, each position event identified by the runlengths of the preceding run of consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a runlength of 0, and the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 21. A method as recited in claim 20, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0. 22. An apparatus for processing a coded bitstream representing blocks of image data coded according to a coding method, the apparatus comprising; means for recognizing codewords in the coded bitstream; andmeans for decoding the codewords, wherein the coding method includes: (a) accepting image data represented by an ordered series of digital signals representing a block of quantized coefficients of a transformed block of image data, the signals each having a respective value, including a respective_amplitude from a finite set of amplitudes consisting of a most likely-to-occur amplitude and at least one other amplitude, the at least one other amplitude including a second-most likely-to-occur amplitude;(b) using a position event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify position events that each include a cluster of at least one consecutive signal having any amplitude other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude, such that the position events define the positions and runlengths of the clusters and of any intervening runs of signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude;(c) using an amplitude event identifying method executing on the processing hardware to identify the amplitudes of the signals having amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(d) encoding the identified position events and encoding the identified amplitude events by respective codewords, and encoding the signs of the amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude in the identified amplitude events, such that for at least some of the identified position events and identified amplitude events, events containing a cluster of signals having more likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude are each encoded by a concatenation of one or more codewords that is shorter than each concatenation of the one or more codewords that encodes at least one event containing a cluster of signals having less likely-to-occur signal amplitudes other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude; and(e) outputting the codewords formed by the encoding, wherein the position event identifying method uses 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying, 2-D Cluster Length and Position Identifying including identifying position events that each includes a run of one or more consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude preceded by either no signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, or a run of one or more consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, each position event identified by the runlengths of the preceding run of consecutive zero-valued signals having the most likely-to-occur amplitude, including a runlength of 0, and the runlength of the run of consecutive signals having other than the most likely-to-occur amplitude. 23. An apparatus as recited in claim 22, wherein the transformed block of image data is formed using a transform configured such that the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0, and the second-most likely-to-occur amplitude is 1, such that the identifying of position events identifies events that include a cluster of one or more non-zero-valued coefficients the most likely-to-occur amplitude is 0.
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