A geometrically shaped photonic crystal structure consisting of alternating layers of thin films is heated to emit light. The structure may include index matching layers or a cavity layer to enhance emissions. The layer thicknesses of the structure may be spatially varied to modify the emission spec
A geometrically shaped photonic crystal structure consisting of alternating layers of thin films is heated to emit light. The structure may include index matching layers or a cavity layer to enhance emissions. The layer thicknesses of the structure may be spatially varied to modify the emission spectrum versus emission angle. The self-focusing structure may be fabricated into a convex electrically heated wire filament light bulb, a concave visible thermophotovoltaic emitter, a concentric directional heat exchanger, an electronic display, or a variety of irregularly shaped remotely read temperature or strain sensors.
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1. A structure including: a topographically-varied substrate;a multitude of thin film layers directly deposited on top of said substrate;where said layers are of alternating high and low dielectric function;said structure is thermally heated to emit light at visible wavelengths. 2. The structure of
1. A structure including: a topographically-varied substrate;a multitude of thin film layers directly deposited on top of said substrate;where said layers are of alternating high and low dielectric function;said structure is thermally heated to emit light at visible wavelengths. 2. The structure of claim 1, where said structure also includes one or more of the following layers: an index matching layer; anda cavity layer. 3. The structure of claim 1, where the thickness of said multitude of layers is varied between different locations on said substrate. 4. The structure of claim 3, where said thickness gradation is a continuous function. 5. The structure of claim 1, where an area of said structure has a low emissivity. 6. The structure of claim 1, where said substrate is a wire filament; andsaid structure is packaged in a bulb. 7. The structure of claim 1, where said structure is concave and a photovoltaic cell is positioned near the focal point of said substrate; and said emissions are predominantly at a slightly higher energy than the bandgap of said PV cell. 8. The structure of claim 1, where said substrate has an interior volume with said layers on the interior of said substrate; and a heat collection element is positioned near the center of said substrate. 9. The structure of claim 1, where one or more of said layers possess a piezoelectric response; where the wavelength of said emissions is proportional to an applied electric field. 10. The structure of claim 1, where one or more of said layers possess a high thermal coefficient of expansion; where the wavelength of said emissions is proportional to temperature. 11. A means to generate wavelength selective thermal emissions including: a topographically-varied substrate;a multitude of periods of thin film layers possessing contrasting dielectric functions directly contacting said substrate;where said structure is heated to visibly incandesce. 12. The light emitting means of claim 11, where said structure also incorporates one or more of: a cavity layer, a mirror layer, and an index matching layer. 13. The light emitting means of claim 11, further including a means to shape the emission spectrum of said thermal emissions including a variation of the thickness of one or more said layers. 14. The light emitting means of claim 13, where said thickness variation includes a continuous variation of said thickness. 15. The light emitting means of claim 11, further including a means to limit emissions from areas of unwanted emission of said structure where one or more low emissivity areas are interposed between said emissive areas. 16. The light emitting means of claim 11, further includes packaging said structure in a plastic enclosure. 17. The light emitting means of claim 11, further including a means to focus said thermal emissions including a concave substrate. 18. The light emitting means of claim 11, further including a means to shift the wavelength of the dominant emission including: altering the thickness of one or more said layers. 19. The light emitting means of claim 11, further including a means to shift the wavelength of the dominant emission, where said means includes altering the thickness of one or more said layers in response to a physical variable, including: a high CTE material to respond to changes in temperature or a deformable material to respond to changes in strain. 20. The light emitting means of claim 19, further including a means to improve the cross-correlation of two or more physical variables, including: temperature, strain, or other physical variable; utilizing two or more sensors with different cross-correlation functions of temperature, strain, or other physical variable. 21. A method of fabricating wavelength selective thermal emitters utilizing periodic dielectric structures on non-planar substrates including: a shaped substrate;fabricating a periodic stack of thin films of alternating high and low dielectric function directly on top of said substrate; andheating said substrate to visibly incandesce. 22. The method of claim 21, where said substrate is a wire filament. 23. The method of claim 21, where the thickness of said stack of thin films is varied across said substrate. 24. The method of claim 22, where said wire filament is packaged into a plastic bulb. 25. The method of claim 22, where multiple redundant said wire filaments are packaged into a single bulb; and only one filament is heated at any given time. 26. The method of claim 21, where said substrate is geometrically shaped to self-focus emitted energy onto an area smaller than said emitter. 27. The method of claim 21, where the layer thickness of one or more layers is dynamically adjusted. 28. The structure of claim 6, where multiple redundant filaments are packaged in a single bulb. 29. The light emitting means of claim 11, where said substrate is a wire filament.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (5)
Etheridge, III,Herbert Thomas; Lewis,Henry; McConica,Carol, Apparatus having a photonic crystal.
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