IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0038014
(2011-03-01)
|
등록번호 |
US-8136368
(2012-03-20)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Reich, Daniel
- Burdett, Michael Paul
- Reich, Vladimir D.
|
출원인 / 주소 |
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
3 인용 특허 :
6 |
초록
▼
A modular evaporator which can be assembled from a number of standard modules is provided. Depending on the requirements, the modular evaporator can be assembled to meet a wide range of design cooling loads. Additionally, the modular evaporator is capable of generating and holding ice for thermal st
A modular evaporator which can be assembled from a number of standard modules is provided. Depending on the requirements, the modular evaporator can be assembled to meet a wide range of design cooling loads. Additionally, the modular evaporator is capable of generating and holding ice for thermal storage purposes, eliminating the need for external ice storage tanks. Furthermore, the heat transfer and thermal storage fluid for the evaporator can simply be water which considerably simplifies the system, lowers the cost, and increases the efficiency of the heat transfer loop.
대표청구항
▼
1. A modular direct expansion evaporator comprising: a first module;a second module;a direct expansion cold plate comprised of two substantially flat face surfaces, two vertical edge surfaces and a horizontal top and bottom;a first end plate; anda second end plate;wherein the first and the second mo
1. A modular direct expansion evaporator comprising: a first module;a second module;a direct expansion cold plate comprised of two substantially flat face surfaces, two vertical edge surfaces and a horizontal top and bottom;a first end plate; anda second end plate;wherein the first and the second modules each comprise frames, the frames adapted to be compressed between the first end plate and the second end plate, with the direct expansion cold plate situated in between, in such a manner that a liquid tight vessel is formed;wherein each of the frames includes liquid heat transfer medium supply ducts arranged horizontally and running perpendicular to the face plane of the direct expansion cold plate and intersecting the face plane of the frames such that each of the liquid heat transfer medium supply ducts is in fluid communication with an intersecting liquid heat transfer medium header arranged vertically, and running parallel to the vertical edge surfaces of the direct expansion cold plate inside the frame, each of the liquid heat transfer medium headers in fluid communication with nozzles directed at face surfaces of the direct expansion cold plate;wherein each of the frames further comprises liquid heat transfer medium drain pass ways running perpendicular to the face surfaces of the direct expansion cold plate in fluid communication with drain openings on internal surfaces of the frame;wherein each of the frames further comprises refrigerant pass ways running perpendicular to the face surfaces of the direct expansion cold plate in fluid communication with refrigerant half-headers located on opposite face sides of each of the respective frames;wherein, when the first module and the second module are compressed together, corresponding refrigerant half-headers on adjacent face sides form either liquid refrigerant headers or suction refrigerant headers, corresponding liquid heat transfer medium supply ducts form a liquid heat transfer medium supply manifold, corresponding liquid heat transfer medium drain pass ways form a liquid heat transfer medium drain manifold, and corresponding refrigerant pass ways form either a liquid refrigerant manifold or a suction refrigerant manifold, andwherein the liquid refrigerant headers and suction refrigerant headers are in fluidic communication with the direct expansion cold plate. 2. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the frames are adapted to be mechanically compressed and retained between the first end plate and the second end plate. 3. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 2, wherein the frames are adapted to be mechanically compressed and retained using a set of tension rods. 4. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the distance between the vertical edges of the direct expansion cold plate and the tips of each nozzle is adequate to maintain unfrozen pockets of liquid heat transfer medium. 5. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the direct expansion evaporator is adapted to recirculate the liquid heat transfer medium through the nozzles, the nozzles adapted to generate submerged liquid heat transfer medium jets in the direction of the direct expansion cold plate. 6. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the liquid heat transfer medium is removed for recirculation through the liquid heat transfer medium drain manifold. 7. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein when liquid refrigerant is injected in the liquid refrigerant manifold, the liquid refrigerant flows through the liquid refrigerant headers into the direct expansion cold plate where it is evaporated and extracts heat from the liquid heat transfer medium, and refrigerant vapor passes through the suction refrigerant header and is removed through the suction refrigerant manifold. 8. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 7, wherein the direct expansion cold plate is fused to the refrigerant headers which in turn are fused to refrigerant manifold sections forming cold plate assemblies which can be inserted into the modular direct expansion evaporator frames where they are compressed together forming complete suction and liquid manifolds. 9. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the refrigerant header is divided into a liquid header section and a suction header section, and when liquid refrigerant is injected into the liquid refrigerant manifold, the liquid refrigerant flows to the liquid header section where it travels down select channels of the direct expansion cold plate into a pass-through header where it then travels up the remaining channels of the direct expansion cold plate to the suction header section and evaporated refrigerant is removed through the suction refrigerant manifold. 10. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the liquid heat transfer medium comprises water. 11. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the nozzles are arranged in columns and directed at opposing face surfaces of the direct expansion cold plate and are staggered to agitate of the liquid heat transfer medium. 12. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the direct expansion cold plate is comprised of multiple multiport extrusions assembled side-by-side. 13. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the liquid refrigerant manifold is located in the bottom part of the frames and the suction manifold is located in the top part of the frames. 14. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the direct expansion cold plate is bonded to the frame of the first module. 15. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the periphery of the first module and the second module are covered with thermal insulation. 16. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the direct expansion cold plate comprises a rolled sheet with multiple channels bonded to a flat sheet. 17. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the direct expansion cold plate comprises a corrugated sheet bonded to flat sheets thereby creating channels. 18. The modular direct expansion evaporator of claim 1, wherein the first module and the second module are substantially identical. 19. A thermal energy storage system comprising: a first modular evaporator and a second modular evaporator, each as defined by claim 1, and each further comprising a liquid line and a suction line;a refrigerant compressor;a refrigerant condenser;a first refrigerant expansion device;a second refrigerant expansion device;a controller;a suction line pressure sensor; anda suction line temperature sensor;wherein the controller calculates the superheat in the suction line of the refrigerant compressor based on measurements from the suction line pressure sensor and the suction line temperature sensor, the controller activates the first refrigerant expansion device on the liquid line of the first modular evaporator and modulates the first refrigerant expansion device to keep suction pressure at a set point, and when the suction pressure drops to the set point, due to ice accumulation on the direct expansion cold plate, the controller activates the second refrigerant expansion device in the liquid line of the second modular evaporator thereby preventing the suction pressure from dropping below the set point, this process continuing until refrigerant expansion devices on all the modular evaporators are activated.
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