초록 ▼

The invention relates to a process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, suitable as diesel fuels, kerosenes and gasolines, comprising the steps where feedstock derived from starting material of biological origin, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hy

The invention relates to a process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, suitable as diesel fuels, kerosenes and gasolines, comprising the steps where feedstock derived from starting material of biological origin, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, characterized in that the process comprises the steps where feedstock having a total carbon number of 1 to 14 selected from ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides of carboxylic acids, alpha o

1. A process for producing saturated C5-C28 hydrocarbons, characterized in that the process comprises the steps where feedstock having a total carbon number of 1 to 14 selected from ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides of carboxylic acids, alpha olefins, metal salts of carboxylic acids, and corresponding sulphur compounds, corresponding nitrogen compounds and combinations thereof, derived from starting material of biological origin, is subjected to a condensation step and subsequently subjected to a combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step thereby producing a product selected from the group consisting of diesel fuel, kerosene, and gasoline. 2. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensation step is selected from ketonization, aldol condensation, alcohol condensation and radical reactions. 3. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the ketonization is carried out under the pressure from 0 to 10 MPa, at the temperature from 10 to 500° C., in the presence of supported metal oxide catalyst and the feedstock is selected from fatty acid esters, fatty acid anhydrides, fatty alcohols, fatty aldehydes, natural waxes, metal salts of fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids and polyols. 4. The process according to claim 3, characterized in that the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step is carried out under pressure from 0.1 to 15 MPa, at the temperature from 100 to 500° C., in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from aluminosilicates and silicoaluminophosphates and at least one metal selected from Group 6 and 8-10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements. 5. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the aldol condensation in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous aldol condensation catalyst at a temperature from 80 to 400° C. and the feedstock is selected from aldehydes, ketones and hydroxy aldehydes. 6. The process according to claim 5, characterized in that the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step is carried out under pressure from 0.1 to 15 MPa, at the temperature from 100 to 500° C., in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from aluminosilicates and silicoaluminophosphates and at least one metal selected from Group 6 and 8-10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements. 7. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the alcohol condensation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst selected from hydroxides and alkoxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals and metal oxides, in combination with a co-catalyst comprising a metal at a temperature from 200 to 300° C. and the feedstock is selected from primary and/or secondary, saturated and/or unsaturated alcohols. 8. The process according to claim 7, characterized in that the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step is carried out under pressure from 0.1 to 15 MPa, at the temperature from 100 to 500° C., in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from aluminosilicates and silicoaluminophosphates and at least one metal selected from Group 6 and 8-10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements. 9. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the radical reaction is carried out at 100 to 300° C. temperature in the presence of an alkyl peroxide, peroxyester, diacylperoxide or peroxyketal catalyst and the feedstock is selected from saturated carboxylic acids and alpha olefins in a molar ratio of 1:1. 10. The process according to claim 9, characterized in that in the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step the flow rate WHSV is from 0.1 to 10 h−1 and hydrogen to liquid feed ratio is from 1 to 5000 Nl/l. 11. The process according to claim 9, characterized in that after the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step an optional hydrofinishing step is carried out, and the product is passed to a distillation and/or separation unit in which product components boiling over different temperature range are separated from each other. 12. The process according to claim 9, characterized in that the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step is carried out under pressure from 0.1 to 15 MPa, at the temperature from 100 to 500° C., in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from aluminosilicates and silicoaluminophosphates and at least one metal selected from Group 6 and 8-10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements. 13. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step is carried out under pressure from 0.1 to 15 MPa, at the temperature from 100 to 500° C., in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from aluminosilicates and silicoaluminophosphates and at least one metal selected from Group 6 and 8-10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements. 14. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the combined hydrodefunctionalization and isomerization step is carried out under pressure from 0.1 to 15 MPa, at the temperature from 100 to 500° C., in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve selected from aluminosilicates and silicoaluminophosphates and at least one metal selected from Group 6 and 8-10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements. 15. The process according to claim 14, characterized in that the bifunctional catalyst comprises at least one molecular sieve selected from zeolites and silicoaluminophosphates, at least one metal selected from Group 9 or 10 metals of the Periodic Table of Elements and a binder. 16. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the feedstock is selected from the group consisting of:a. plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes, fish fats, fish oils, fish waxes, andb. fatty acids or free fatty acids obtained from plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes; fish fats, fish oils, fish waxes, and mixtures thereof by hydrolysis, transesterification or pyrolysis, andc. esters obtained from plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes; fish fats, fish oils, fish waxes, and mixtures thereof by transesterification, andd. metal salts of fatty acids obtained from plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes; fish fats, fish oils, fish waxes, and mixtures thereof by saponification, ande. anhydrides of fatty acids from plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes; fish fats, fish oils, fish waxes, and mixtures thereof, andf. esters obtained by esterification of free fatty acids of plant, animal and fish origin with alcohols, andg. fatty alcohols or aldehydes obtained as reduction products of fatty acids from plant fats, plant oils, plant waxes; animal fats, animal oils, animal waxes; fish fats, fish oils, fish waxes, and mixtures thereof, andh. recycled food grade fats and oils, and fats, oils and waxes obtained by genetic engineering,i. dicarboxylic acids or polyols including diols, hydroxyketones, hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxycarboxylic acids, and corresponding di- or multifunctional sulphur compounds, corresponding di- or multifunctional nitrogen compounds, andj. mixtures of said starting materials. 17. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that gasoline is obtained as the product.