Chemical process accelerator systems utilizing taylor vortex flows
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B01J-019/00
B01J-008/08
B01J-008/02
B01J-035/02
출원번호
US-0800657
(2010-05-20)
등록번호
US-8147767
(2012-04-03)
발명자
/ 주소
Fischel, Halbert
출원인 / 주소
Global Energy Science, LLC
대리인 / 주소
Epstein, Seldon L.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
3인용 특허 :
8
초록▼
Chemical process accelerator systems comprising viscid fluid Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a) with high-shear-rate laminar Circular Couette Flows (58) in contact with catalysts (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48), catalytic compositions and structures in chemical reactors and electr
Chemical process accelerator systems comprising viscid fluid Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a) with high-shear-rate laminar Circular Couette Flows (58) in contact with catalysts (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48), catalytic compositions and structures in chemical reactors and electrochemical cells (e.g. fuel cells, fuel reformers) are disclosed.
대표청구항▼
1. A chemical process accelerator system (10) comprising: a. means (92, 92′, 96, 97, 97′ 116) for generating Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a); andb. a surface layer (30, 92, 92′, 97, 97′) of catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) containing protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66) tha
1. A chemical process accelerator system (10) comprising: a. means (92, 92′, 96, 97, 97′ 116) for generating Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a); andb. a surface layer (30, 92, 92′, 97, 97′) of catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) containing protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66) that extend into laminar Circular Couette Flows (58) generated by the Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a). 2. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein: a. the surface layer (30, 92, 92′, 97, 97′) of the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) is a cylinder-like surface layer (92, 92′) adjacent a second cylinder-like surface layer (97, 97′), andb. one of the cylinder-like surfaces is rotated to produce the Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a) between the two cylinder-like surfaces. 3. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal containing an element selected from the Periodic Table of the Elements Platinum Metals Group. 4. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal containing an element selected from the Periodic Table of the Elements Group 10. 5. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 4 wherein the Group 10 metal comprises: nickel. 6. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the Taylor Vortex Flows are created in: a hydrogen-rich fuel. 7. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the Taylor Vortex Flows are created in: an electrolyte. 8. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 7 wherein the electrolyte comprises: an alkaline. 9. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 7 wherein the electrolyte comprises: an acid. 10. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66): do not extend into the Taylor Vortex Flows (98, 50a). 11. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66) are in: a hexagonal close packed array. 12. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the protuberances (32f) are: streamlined. 13. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66) comprise: aggregate clumps of Platinum Metals Group catalyst particles (36) adhered to carbon balls (38). 14. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66) comprise: a nanoporous metal foam sponge (40). 15. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 14 wherein the nanoporous metal foam sponge is: loaded with catalytic particles (36). 16. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the catalyst (32g) comprises: multiple layers (44, 45, 46, 47, 48) of different types of catalyst materials. 17. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 16 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal selected from the Periodic Table of the Elements Platinum Metals Group. 18. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 16 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal selected from the Periodic Table of the Elements Group 10. 19. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 comprising in addition: means (98, 50a) for extracting unwanted contaminants 64 from the system (10). 20. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 comprising in addition: means for using exothermic energy to heat the catalysts (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48). 21. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 comprising in addition: means for raising thermal excitation in the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) to increase its D-band energy level to near the Fermi level in order to reduce significantly energy of activation for catalysis. 22. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 21 wherein the means for raising thermal excitation in the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) raise catalyst temperatures to: at least 500° C. 23. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal alloy in which one element has been removed by selective dissolution. 24. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 23 wherein the metal alloy comprises: face-centered-cubic structural geometry. 25. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 23 wherein the face-centered-cubic structural geometry of the metal alloy has: a Miller Index of (1,1,1). 26. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal alloy having a perovskite structure. 27. The chemical process accelerator system (10) of claim 1 wherein the catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) comprises: a metal alloy containing ruthenium. 28. A chemical process accelerator system (10) comprising: a. means (92, 92′, 96, 97, 97′ 116) for generating viscid fluid vortex flows (98, 50a); andb. a surface layer (30, 92, 92′, 97, 97′) of catalyst (92, 92′, 30, 32, 32f, 32g, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48) containing protuberances (32, 32f, 32g, 66) that extend into high-shear-rate laminar flows (58) generated by the vortex flows (98, 50a).
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