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Apparatuses and methods for optimizing power generation of a solar array are disclosed. The bus voltage is regulated with a regulator controlled through one or more reference signals. When the power bus is being used by electrical systems that are tolerant of a higher variable voltage range, the bus

Apparatuses and methods for optimizing power generation of a solar array are disclosed. The bus voltage is regulated with a regulator controlled through one or more reference signals. When the power bus is being used by electrical systems that are tolerant of a higher variable voltage range, the bus voltage can be temporarily set higher by a commanded reference signal to allow additional solar array power to supply to the power bus. The peak power point may be identified through an established relationship with the solar array performance as a function of temperature, season and/or the age of the solar array. In addition, a reference signal controlled by one or more temperature sensors on the solar array may also modify the bus voltage set-point. Improved solar array power may be extracted from spacecraft beginning-of-life to end-of-life operations due to low insertion loss of a direct energy transfer scheme.

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1. An apparatus for regulating voltage of a solar array, comprising: a solar array for converting solar radiation to electrical power at an output voltage;a regulator for coupling the output voltage to a power bus and regulating a bus voltage at the power bus; anda control circuit directed through o

1. An apparatus for regulating voltage of a solar array, comprising: a solar array for converting solar radiation to electrical power at an output voltage;a regulator for coupling the output voltage to a power bus and regulating a bus voltage at the power bus; anda control circuit directed through one or more reference signals including a baseline reference signal for controlling the regulator to set the bus voltage at the power bus;wherein the one or more reference signals directs the control circuit to temporarily set the bus voltage higher to selectively provide additional solar array power when only voltage-tolerant electrical systems of a spacecraft are operating and the control circuit otherwise sets the bus voltage to a lower bus voltage for operating one or more voltage-sensitive electrical systems of the spacecraft. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more voltage-tolerant electrical systems comprises an electric propulsion system of the spacecraft and temporarily setting the bus voltage higher at the power bus is performed during an operational phase employing the electric propulsion system. 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the one or more voltage-sensitive electrical systems comprises payload electronics for the spacecraft. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reference signals includes a temperature sensing signal from one or more temperature sensors for the solar array. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more reference signals includes a commanded reference voltage signal. 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the commanded reference voltage signal is set based on a season. 7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the commanded reference voltage signal is set based on an age of the solar array. 8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the commanded reference voltage signal is remotely transmitted to the control circuit. 9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more reference signals further includes a temperature sensing signal from one or more temperature sensors for the solar array and both the temperature sensing signal and the commanded reference voltage signal are combined with the baseline reference signal to set the bus voltage at the power bus. 10. A method for regulating voltage of a solar array, comprising the steps of: converting solar radiation to electrical power at an output voltage with a solar array;coupling the output voltage to a power bus;regulating the output voltage of the solar array to a bus voltage at the power bus with a regulator;controlling the regulator to set the bus voltage at the power bus with a control circuit directed through one or more reference signals including a baseline reference signal; andtemporarily setting the bus voltage higher to allow additional solar array power to supply to the power bus by controlling the regulator directed through the one or more reference signals to selectively provide additional solar array power when only voltage-tolerant electrical systems of a spacecraft are operating and the control circuit otherwise sets the bus voltage to a lower bus voltage for one or more voltage-sensitive electrical systems of the spacecraft. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more voltage-tolerant electrical systems comprises an electric propulsion system of the spacecraft and temporarily setting the bus voltage higher to provide additional solar array power to the power bus is performed during an operational phase employing the electric propulsion system. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more voltage-sensitive electrical systems comprises payload electronics for the spacecraft. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more reference signals includes a temperature sensing signal from one or more temperature sensors for the solar array. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more reference signals includes a commanded reference voltage signal. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the commanded reference voltage signal is set based on a season. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the commanded reference voltage signal is set based on an age of the solar array. 17. The method of claim 14, further comprising remotely transmitting the commanded reference voltage signal to the control circuit. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more reference signals further includes a temperature sensing signal from one or more temperature sensors for the solar array and setting the bus voltage at the power bus comprises combining both the temperature sensing signal and the commanded reference voltage signal with the baseline reference signal to control the regulator. 19. A system for regulating voltage of a solar array, comprising: a solar array means capable of converting solar radiation to electrical power at an output voltage coupled to a power bus;a regulator means capable of regulating the output voltage of the solar array to a bus voltage at the power bus; anda control circuit means capable of controlling the regulator to set the bus voltage at the power bus directed through one or more reference signals including a baseline reference signal;wherein the one or more reference signals direct the control circuit means to temporarily set the bus voltage higher to selectively provide additional solar array power when only voltage-tolerant electrical systems of a spacecraft are operating and the control circuit otherwise sets the bus voltage to a lower bus voltage for one or more voltage-sensitive electrical systems of a spacecraft. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein setting the bus voltage higher is performed when only the voltage-tolerant electrical systems of the spacecraft are operating and control circuit means otherwise sets the bus voltage to a lower bus voltage for one or more voltage-sensitive electrical systems of a spacecraft.