초록

Systems and methods for processing one or more hydrocarbons are provided. One or more hydrocarbon feedstocks can be selectively separated to provide one or more light deasphalted oils. At least a portion of the light deasphalted oil can be hydrocracked to provide one or more hydrocarbon products.

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1. A method for processing one or more hydrocarbons, comprising: selectively separating one or more hydrocarbons within an atmospheric distillation unit to provide a light overhead, an intermediate, and a first bottoms, wherein the first bottoms comprises one or more asphaltenes, one or more heavy o

1. A method for processing one or more hydrocarbons, comprising: selectively separating one or more hydrocarbons within an atmospheric distillation unit to provide a light overhead, an intermediate, and a first bottoms, wherein the first bottoms comprises one or more asphaltenes, one or more heavy oils, and one or more light oils;separating the first bottoms into a first portion and a second portion;selectively separating the first portion within a vacuum distillation unit to provide a vacuum gas oil and a second bottoms;combining the second portion with one or more solvents to provide a first mixture;selectively separating the one or more asphaltenes from the first mixture to provide a second mixture comprising the one or more solvents, one or more heavy deasphalted oils, and one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents, wherein the one or more asphaltenes has an API gravity at 60° F. ranging from about 5° API to about 30° API;selectively separating the one or more heavy deasphalted oils from the second mixture to provide a third mixture comprising the one or more solvents and the one or more light deasphalted oils;selectively separating the one or more solvents from the third mixture to recover the one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more light deasphalted oils has an API gravity at 60° F. ranging from 10° API to about 60° API;combining the vacuum gas oil and the one or more light deasphalted oils to provide a fourth mixture; andhydrocracking at least a portion of the fourth mixture to provide one or more light hydrocarbon products. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more light hydrocarbon products comprise kerosene, diesel, gas oil, gasoline, combinations thereof, derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more hydrocarbons comprise crude oil, oil shales, oil sands, tars, bitumens, mixtures thereof, or any combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second portion and the one or more solvents are combined at a temperature ranging from about 25° C. to about 600° C. and a pressure ranging from about 101 kPa to about 2,800 kPa, and wherein the pressure at which the second portion and the one or more solvents are combined exceeds a pressure at which the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture by a minimum of about 70 kPa. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein a solvent-to-second portion weight ratio ranges from about 2:1 to about 100:1 by weight, and wherein the second portion and the one or more solvents are combined at a pressure that exceeds a pressure at which the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture by a minimum of about 350 kPa. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more heavy deasphalted oils is selectively separated from the second mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. to about 150° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents and at a pressure greater than 101 kPa, and wherein the one or more solvents is selectively separated from the third mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. to about 150° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more and at a pressure greater than 101 kPa. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of the one or more light deasphalted oils is hydrocracked in the presence of a stoichiometric excess quantity of hydrogen at a temperature ranging from about 280° C. to about 450° C. and a pressure ranging from about 7,000 kPa to about 21,000 kPa. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more heavy deasphalted oils has a viscosity of about 50 cSt to about 170 cSt at a temperature of 50° C., and wherein the one or more light deasphalted oils has a viscosity of about 40 cSt to about 65 cSt at a temperature of 50° C. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more solvents comprise one or more alkanes, one or more alkenes, or any mixture thereof, and wherein the alkanes and alkenes have from three to seven carbon atoms. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the second bottoms and the one or more asphaltenes both comprise Conradson Carbon Residue. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion comprises about 10 wt % to about 90 wt % of the first bottoms. 12. A method for processing one or more hydrocarbons, comprising: selectively separating one or more hydrocarbons within an atmospheric distillation unit to provide a light overhead, an intermediate, and a first bottoms, wherein the first bottoms comprises one or more asphaltenes, one or more heavy oils, and one or more light oils;separating the first bottoms into a first portion and a second portion;selectively separating the first portion within a vacuum distillation unit to provide a vacuum gas oil and a second bottoms;combining the second portion with one or more solvents to provide a first mixture, wherein the second portion and the one or more solvents are combined at a temperature ranging from about 25° C. to about 600° C. and a pressure ranging from about 101 kPa to about 2,800 kPa;selectively separating the one or more asphaltenes from the first mixture to provide a second mixture comprising the one or more solvents, one or more heavy deasphalted oils, and one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents, wherein the one or more asphaltenes has an API gravity at 60° F. ranging from about 5° API to about 30° API, and wherein the second portion and the one or more solvents are combined at a pressure that exceeds a pressure at which the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture by a minimum of about 70 kPa;selectively separating the one or more heavy deasphalted oils from the second mixture to provide a third mixture comprising the one or more solvents and the one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more heavy deasphalted oils is selectively separated from the second mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents;selectively separating the one or more solvents from the third mixture to recover the one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more solvents is selectively separated from the third mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents, and wherein the one or more light deasphalted oils has an API gravity at 60° F. ranging from about 10° API to about 60° API;combining the vacuum gas oil and the one or more light deasphalted oils to provide a fourth mixture; andhydrocracking at least a portion of the fourth mixture at a temperature ranging from about 280° C. to about 450° C. and a pressure ranging from about 7,000 kPa to about 21,000 kPa to provide one or more light hydrocarbon products. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a solvent-to-second portion weight ratio ranges from about 2:1 to about 10:1, and wherein a stoichiometric excess quantity of hydrogen is present when the at least a portion of the fourth mixture is hydrocracked. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture at a pressure of about 101 kPa to about 700 kPa above a critical pressure of the one or more solvents and at a temperature that is about 100° C. to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the one or more heavy deasphalted oils is selectively separated from the second mixture at a pressure of about 101 kPa to about 700 kPa above a critical pressure of the one or more solvents and at a temperature that is about 100° C. to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more solvents is selectively separated from the third mixture at a pressure of about 101 kPa to about 700 kPa above a critical pressure of the one or more solvents and at a temperature that is about 100° C. to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more light hydrocarbon products comprise kerosene, diesel, gas oil, gasoline, combinations thereof, derivatives thereof or mixtures thereof. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more hydrocarbons comprise crude oil, oil shales, oil sands, tars, bitumens, combinations thereof, derivatives thereof, or mixtures thereof. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein the one or more solvents comprise one or more alkanes, one or more alkenes, or any mixture thereof, and wherein the alkanes and alkenes have from three to seven carbon atoms. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising: thermally cracking the second bottoms to provide a thermally cracked product; andcombining the thermally cracked product with the one or more light deasphalted oils and the vacuum gas oil to provide the fourth mixture. 21. The method of claim 12, further comprising: catalytically cracking the second bottoms to provide a catalytically cracked product; andcombining the catalytically cracked product with the one or more light deasphalted oils and the vacuum gas oil to provide the fourth mixture. 22. A method for processing one or more hydrocarbons, comprising: selectively separating one or more hydrocarbons within an atmospheric distillation unit to provide a light overhead, an intermediate, and a first bottoms, wherein the first bottoms comprises one or more asphaltenes, one or more heavy oils, and one or more light oils;splitting the first bottoms into a first portion and a second portion;selectively separating the first portion within a vacuum distillation unit to provide a vacuum gas oil and a second bottoms;separating the second bottoms into a third portion, a fourth portion, and a fifth portion;combining the second portion and the third portion with one or more solvents to provide a first mixture, wherein the second portion, the third portion, and the one or more solvents are combined at a temperature ranging from about 25° C. to about 600° C. and a pressure ranging from about 101 kPa to about 2,800 kPa;selectively separating the one or more asphaltenes from the first mixture to provide a second mixture comprising the one or more solvents, one or more heavy deasphalted oils, and one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more asphaltenes has an API gravity at 60° F. ranging from about 5° API to about 30° API, wherein the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents, and wherein the second portion, the third portion, and the one or more solvents are combined at a pressure that exceeds a pressure at which the one or more asphaltenes is selectively separated from the first mixture by a minimum of about 140 kPa;selectively separating the one or more heavy deasphalted oils from the second mixture to provide a third mixture comprising the one or more solvents and the one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more heavy deasphalted oils is selectively separated from the second mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents, and wherein the one or more heavy deasphalted oils has a viscosity of about 50 cSt to about 170 cSt at a temperature of 50° C.;selectively separating the one or more solvents from the third mixture to recover the one or more light deasphalted oils, wherein the one or more solvents is selectively separated from the third mixture at a temperature that is about 50° C. greater than a critical temperature of the one or more solvents to about 150° C. greater than the critical temperature of the one or more solvents, wherein separating the one or more solvents from the third mixture comprises heating the third mixture with steam, wherein the one or more light deasphalted oils has an API gravity at 60° F. ranging from about 10° API to about 60° API and a viscosity of about 40 cSt to about 65 cSt at a temperature of 50° C.;thermally cracking the fourth portion to provide a thermally cracked product;catalytically cracking the fifth portion to provide a catalytically cracked product;combining the vacuum gas oil, the one or more light deasphalted oils, and at least one of the thermally cracked product and the catalytically cracked product to provide a fourth mixture; andhydrocracking at least a portion of the fourth mixture in the presence of a stoichiometric excess quantity of hydrogen at a temperature ranging from about 280° C. to about 450° C. and a pressure ranging from about 7,000 kPa to about 21,000 kPa to provide one or more light hydrocarbon products. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein both the thermally cracked product and the catalytically cracked product are combined with the vacuum gas oil and the one or more light deasphalted oils to provide the fourth mixture.