IPC분류정보
| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
| 출원번호 |
US-0166167
(2008-07-01)
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| 등록번호 |
US-8153027
(2012-04-10)
|
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Klepper, Robert E.
- Geertsema, Arie
- Tirmizi, Shakeel H.
- Ferraro, Francis M.
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| 출원인 / 주소 |
|
| 대리인 / 주소 |
|
| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
6 인용 특허 :
58 |
초록
▼
This invention features methods and apparatus for producing syngas from any carbon-containing feed material. In some embodiments, a substoichiometric amount of oxygen is used to enhance the formation of syngas. In various embodiments, both oxygen and steam are added during the conversion of the feed
This invention features methods and apparatus for producing syngas from any carbon-containing feed material. In some embodiments, a substoichiometric amount of oxygen is used to enhance the formation of syngas. In various embodiments, both oxygen and steam are added during the conversion of the feed material into syngas. The syngas can be converted to alcohols, such as ethanol, or to other products.
대표청구항
▼
1. A method of forming syngas, said method comprising the steps of: (a) devolatilizing a carbon-containing feed material to form a gas phase and a solid phase in a devolatilization unit, wherein said devolatilization unit includes a cascading series of devolatilization chambers with augers for conve
1. A method of forming syngas, said method comprising the steps of: (a) devolatilizing a carbon-containing feed material to form a gas phase and a solid phase in a devolatilization unit, wherein said devolatilization unit includes a cascading series of devolatilization chambers with augers for conveying said carbon-containing feed material through said devolatilization chambers at increasing temperatures; and(b) passing said gas phase and said solid phase through a heated reaction vessel to form syngas, wherein said heated reaction vessel includes a cold chamber; a hot chamber separated from said cold chamber; a reaction tube traversing through said cold and hot chambers; a primary cyclone, connected to said reaction tube, for removing ash; and a polishing cyclone, connected to said primary cyclone, for removing additional ash;wherein step (a) is performed in the presence of free oxygen in an amount between about 0.5% and about 25% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material;wherein the temperature of said heated reaction vessel is controlled to be above the dew point of said gas phase from said devolatilization unit; andwherein a portion of said syngas is recycled back to said devolatilization unit. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said amount of free oxygen is less than about 10% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said amount of free oxygen is less than about 1% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein said amount of free oxygen is greater than about 1% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein said amount of free oxygen is between about 2% and about 8% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein step (a) is further performed in the presence of added steam. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a first amount of steam is present from initial moisture in said carbon-containing feed material, a second amount of steam is added during step (a), and the combined first amount and second amount of steam is less than the stoichiometric amount of water to completely convert said feed material to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said devolatilization unit is a multiple-stage unit in which both said gas phase and said solid phase pass through at least a first stage of said devolatilization unit and at least a portion of said gas phase is removed from said devolatilization unit prior to a final stage during step (a). 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said free oxygen is added to said first stage only. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein prior to step (b), said solid phase is combined with said at least a portion of said gas phase removed during step (a). 11. A method of forming syngas, said method comprising the steps of: (a) devolatilizing a carbon-containing feed material to form a gas phase and a solid phase in a devolatilization unit, wherein said devolatilization unit includes a cascading series of devolatilization chambers with augers for conveying said carbon-containing feed material through said devolatilization chambers at increasing temperatures; and(b) passing said gas phase and said solid phase through a heated reaction vessel to form syngas, wherein said heated reaction vessel includes a cold chamber; a hot chamber separated from said cold chamber; a reaction tube traversing through said cold and hot chambers; a primary cyclone, connected to said reaction tube, for removing ash; and a polishing cyclone, connected to said primary cyclone, for removing additional ash;wherein step (b) is performed in the presence of free oxygen in an amount between about 0.5% and about 50% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust the carbon contained in said solid phase produced in step (a);wherein the temperature of said heated reaction vessel is controlled to be above the dew point of said gas phase from said devolatilization unit; andwherein a portion of said syngas is recycled back to said devolatilization unit. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said amount of free oxygen is less than about 10% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust the carbon contained in said solid phase produced in step (a). 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said amount of free oxygen is between about 10% and about 20% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust the carbon contained in said solid phase produced in step (a). 14. The method of claim 11, wherein step (a) is performed in the presence of a first amount of free oxygen that is between about 0.5% and about 10% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material, and wherein step (b) is performed in the presence of a second amount of free oxygen that is between about 0.5% and about 25% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust the carbon contained in said solid phase produced in step (a). 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said first amount of free oxygen is less than about 1% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material, and wherein said second amount of free oxygen is less than about 10% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust the carbon contained in said solid phase produced in step (a). 16. A method of forming syngas, said method comprising devolatilizing a carbon-containing feed material to form a gas phase and solid phase, wherein said gas phase comprises syngas, wherein said devolatilizing is performed in the presence of free oxygen in an amount between about 0.5% and about 25% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material, wherein said devolatilizing includes conveying said carbon-containing feed material through a cascading series of devolatilization chambers, using augers, at increasing temperatures for successive devolatilization chambers, and wherein a portion of said syngas is recycled back to the feed to said devolatilization unit. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said devolatilizing is performed in the presence of added steam. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said added steam is present in an amount that is less than about 50% of the stoichiometric amount of water to completely convert said feed material to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. 19. The method of claim 16, wherein said amount of free oxygen is between about 1% and about 10% of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to completely combust said feed material.
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