Wind turbine blade with variable aerodynamic profile
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
B63H-001/26
B63H-007/02
B64C-011/24
B64C-027/46
B64C-011/16
F01D-005/18
F01D-005/14
F03B-003/12
F03B-007/00
F03D-011/02
F04D-029/38
출원번호
US-0083819
(2005-10-17)
등록번호
US-8157533
(2012-04-17)
국제출원번호
PCT/IB2005/053397
(2005-10-17)
§371/§102 date
20081118
(20081118)
국제공개번호
WO2007/045940
(2007-04-26)
발명자
/ 주소
Godsk, Kristian Balschmidt
Nielsen, Thomas S. Bjertrup
출원인 / 주소
Vestas Wind Systems A/S
대리인 / 주소
Wood, Herron & Evans, L.L.P.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
4인용 특허 :
3
초록▼
A wind turbine blade comprising an active elastic member arranged with access to the surface of the wind turbine blade is provided. The active elastic member is deformable from a first shape to a second shape and the lift coefficient of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape i
A wind turbine blade comprising an active elastic member arranged with access to the surface of the wind turbine blade is provided. The active elastic member is deformable from a first shape to a second shape and the lift coefficient of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape is larger than the lift coefficient of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the second shape. Furthermore, a wind turbine comprising such a wind turbine blade and a method of operating a wind turbine comprising such a wind turbine blade are provided.
대표청구항▼
1. A wind turbine blade comprising: a suction side and a pressure side, the sides being connected at a leading edge and a trailing edge, andan active elastic member arranged with access to the surface of the wind turbine blade,wherein the active elastic member is deformable from a first shape to a s
1. A wind turbine blade comprising: a suction side and a pressure side, the sides being connected at a leading edge and a trailing edge, andan active elastic member arranged with access to the surface of the wind turbine blade,wherein the active elastic member is deformable from a first shape to a second shape, and the maximum lift coefficient, CL,max1, of an airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape is larger than the maximum lift coefficient, CL,max2, of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the second shape, andwherein said active elastic member is arranged so that the thickness of the blade changes upon deformation of the active elastic member in such a manner that the camber line is shifted. 2. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the active elastic member is positioned in an area between the trailing edge and about 40% of the chord length from the leading edge. 3. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein said active elastic member is positioned in the outermost 50 radius-% of the blade. 4. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein said active elastic member is positioned in an area between maximum thickness of the airfoil of the blade and the trailing edge. 5. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, further comprising: an anemometer arranged near the tip of the blade, said anemometer being functionally connected to a control unit capable of controlling the shape of the active elastic member. 6. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, further comprising: a blade tension sensor positioned in the blade to establish the tension of the blade, said blade tension sensor being functionally connected to a control unit capable of controlling the shape of the active elastic member. 7. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of active elastic members arranged at the pressure side of the blade. 8. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the second shape of the active elastic member is a relaxed state of the active elastic member. 9. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum lift coefficient, CL,max 1, of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape is at least 10% larger than the maximum lift coefficient, CL,max 2, of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the second shape. 10. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the difference in the lift coefficient for the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape and the second shape, ΔcL, should be larger than 10% of the largest of the lift coefficients at an angle of attack for all angles of attack between α=αmax−5° to αmax. 11. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape, CL,max,1, is larger than 1.2 and/or the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the second shape, CL,max,2, is below 1.0, where the maximum lift coefficient corresponds to Re in the range 1-10 million and a two-dimensional flow passing a smooth profile surface. 12. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the camber line of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape deviates by at least 1.5% of the chord length orthogonally from the chord line of the airfoil with the active elastic member in the first shape in at least 10% of the range between the leading edge and the trailing edge. 13. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the active elastic member comprises a compartment for receiving a fluid. 14. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the active elastic member in combination with a rigid part of the wind turbine blade forms a compartment for receiving a fluid. 15. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, further comprising: a flap positioned near the trailing edge of the airfoil; said flap being actuatable by an actuator between a first position and a second position;wherein the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil with the flap in the first position is larger than the maximum lift coefficient of the airfoil with the flap in the second position. 16. A subunit for installation on a wind turbine blade including a suction side and a pressure side defining a rigid blade surface and connected at a leading edge and a trailing edge, said subunit comprising: an active elastic member adapted with regard to shape and size for connection to the rigid blade surface of the wind turbine blade,wherein during operation of a wind turbine comprising said wind turbine blade with said subunit, said active elastic member is deformable from a first shape to a second shape, and the maximum lift coefficient of the combined structure of the subunit and the wind turbine blade in the first shape, CL,mas 1, is larger than the maximum lift coefficient of the combined structure of the subunit and the wind turbine blade with the active elastic member in the second shape, CL,max 2, andwherein said active elastic member is arranged so that the thickness of the wind turbine blade changes upon deformation of the active elastic member in such a manner that the camber line is shifted. 17. A method of operating a wind turbine having a rotor with at least one wind turbine blade, comprising: establishing the incoming wind speed with an anemometer positioned on the wind turbine blade, andif the incoming wind speed is below a first threshold value, deforming an active elastic member on the wind turbine blade from the second shape to the first shape so that the lift of the blade at the active elastic member is increased,wherein the active elastic member is arranged so that the thickness of the wind turbine blade changes upon deformation of the active elastic member in such a manner that the camber line is shifted. 18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: if the incoming wind speed is below a second threshold value, actuating a flap on the wind turbine blade from the second position to the first position so that the lift of the airfoil at the flap is increased,wherein the second threshold value is larger than the first threshold value. 19. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: establishing the tension of the wind turbine blade with a blade tension sensor positioned in the wind turbine blade, andif the tension is below a first threshold value, deforming the active elastic member from the second shape to the first shape so that the lift of the airfoil at the active elastic member is increased. 20. The method according to claim 17, comprising: establishing the rate of change of tension of the wind turbine blade with a blade tension sensor positioned in the wind turbine blade, andif the tension increases faster than a first threshold value, deforming the active elastic member from the first shape to the second shape so that the lift of the airfoil at the active elastic member is decreased. 21. The method according to claim 17, wherein the wind turbine is pitch-regulated and the method further comprises: adjusting the overall pitch angle of the blades according to the established wind speed. 22. The method according to claim 17, wherein the wind turbine blade comprises at least two active elastic members arranged at different distances from the blade root, and at least two of the active elastic members are independently deformable, the method further comprising: for each active elastic member, establishing the incoming wind speed at the active elastic member, andif the incoming wind speed is below a local threshold value for that active elastic member, deforming the active elastic member from the second shape to the first shape so that the lift of the airfoil at the active elastic member is increased. 23. The method according to claim 17, wherein parameters for regulation of the operation of the wind turbine are optimized so that during operation, the wind turbine will produce maximum energy output within a threshold of wear of the wind turbine. 24. The method according to claim 17, wherein parameters for regulation of the operation of the wind turbine is optimized so that during operation the wind turbine will produce maximum energy output within a threshold of acoustic emission of the wind turbine. 25. The method according to claim 17, wherein deforming the shape of the individual active elastic members is repeated with a frequency of less than about 0.1 Hz. 26. The method according to claim 17, wherein deforming the shape of the individual active elastic members is repeated with a frequency of more than 10 Hz. 27. The method according to claim 17, wherein deforming the shape of the individual active elastic members is repeated with a frequency corresponding to less than an 8th of a rotation of the rotor. 28. The method according to claim 17, wherein deforming the shape of the individual active elastic members is repeated cyclically so that a period of the cyclical deformation corresponds to one rotation of the rotor. 29. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: adjusting the individual pitch of the wind turbine blade in a cyclical manner. 30. The method according to claim 17, wherein the shape of at least one active elastic member is adjusted stepwise so that the active elastic member is either in the first shape or in the second shape. 31. The method according to claim 17, wherein the shape of at least one active elastic member or flap is adjusted substantially continuously so that the active elastic member may be deformed to several steps, continuously without any steps between the shape providing the smallest maximum lift coefficient and the shape providing the largest maximum lift coefficient. 32. The method of operating a wind turbine having a wind turbine according to claim 17, the wind turbine blade comprising a plurality of active elastic members, the method comprising: establishing at least one of incoming wind speed, noise emission, strain of blade;establishing a desired configuration of a plurality of the active elastic members based on artificial intelligence; andadjusting the active elastic members accordingly,wherein each of the establishing steps and the adjusting step are repeated at a frequency corresponding to at least 8 times a rotation frequency of the wind turbine blade. 33. A method for using a wind turbine blade according to claim 1 operable by individual radius dependent variation of the airfoil section, and wherein an active elastic member on the wind turbine blade is arranged so that the thickness of the blade changes upon deformation of the active elastic member in such a manner that the camber line is shifted. 34. A wind turbine comprising: a hub,at least one wind turbine blade,an anemometer arranged on the hub,said anemometer being functionally connected to a control unit capable of controlling the shape of an active elastic member positioned on the at least one wind turbine blade,wherein the anemometer is a laser anemometer arranged at a non-horizontal angle and is capable of measuring the incoming wind speed in various distances from the laser anemometer so that the wind speed in a plurality of vertical levels in front of the wind turbine blade(s) may be established during use, andwherein said active elastic member is arranged so that the thickness of the blade changes upon deformation of the active elastic member in such a manner that the camber line is shifted. 35. The wind turbine blade according to claim 5, wherein the anemometer includes at least one of a laser anemometer or a pitot tube. 36. The wind turbine blade according to claim 6, wherein the blade tension sensor includes at least one of a strain gauge arranged in a blade wall or a spar of the blade, or a sensor including an optical or conducting fibre. 37. The wind turbine blade according to claim 1, wherein the wind turbine blade defines a chord line extending between the leading edge and the trailing edge, the camber line extends between the leading edge and the trailing edge, and the chord line remains stationary upon deformation of the active elastic member such that the camber line is shifted relative to the stationary chord line.
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