A steam turbine is provided having a rotor which rotates around a machine axis, and a stator which concentrically encompasses the rotor with clearance, between which an annular passage is formed which is exposed to throughflow by steam in the axial direction and in which a multiplicity of rotor blad
A steam turbine is provided having a rotor which rotates around a machine axis, and a stator which concentrically encompasses the rotor with clearance, between which an annular passage is formed which is exposed to throughflow by steam in the axial direction and in which a multiplicity of rotor blades, which are fastened on the rotor, and fixed stator blades are arranged in a plurality of stages, wherein the stator blades of the last stage have a sweep with a sweep angle which changes in sign over the relative blade height.
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1. A steam turbine (10) with a rotor (11) which rotates around a machine axis (17), and a stator (12) which concentrically encompasses the rotor (11) with clearance, between which an annular passage (13) is formed which is exposed to throughflow by steam (20) in the axial direction and in which a mu
1. A steam turbine (10) with a rotor (11) which rotates around a machine axis (17), and a stator (12) which concentrically encompasses the rotor (11) with clearance, between which an annular passage (13) is formed which is exposed to throughflow by steam (20) in the axial direction and in which a multiplicity of rotor blades (14, 15), which are fastened on the rotor (11), and fixed stator blades (16) are arranged in a plurality of stages, wherein the stator blades (16) of the last stage have a sweep with a sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) which changes over the relative blade height (h/hm), the sweep is formed with an S-shape with a sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) which both adjacent to the stator (12) and adjacent to the rotor (11) is positive, and at mid-height of the stator blade (16) is negative. 2. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator blades (16) of the last stage have a leading edge (16b), a trailing edge (16a) and a center of gravity line, and the S-shaped sweep extends along the leading edge (16b), the trailing edge (16a) and the center of gravity line. 3. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator blades (16) of the last stage have a leading edge (16b), a trailing edge (16a) and a center of gravity line, and the S-shaped sweep extends along two of the three lines which are trailing edge, leading edge and center of gravity line. 4. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator blades (16) of the last stage have a leading edge (16b), a trailing edge (16a) and a center of gravity line, and the S-shaped sweep extends along either the trailing edge, the leading edge or the center of gravity line. 5. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator blades (16) of the last stage have a trailing edge (16a) and the S-shaped sweep extends along the trailing edge (16a). 6. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the curve progression of the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) in dependence upon the relative blade height (h/hm) is homogeneous for the leading edge (16b), for the trailing edge (16a) and for the center of gravity line. 7. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) adjacent to the rotor (11) and adjacent to the stator (12) lies in the range of between 10° and 20°, and at mid-height lies in the range of between −6° and −10°. 8. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) adjacent to the rotor (11) and adjacent to the stator (12) lies in the range of between 10° and 25°, and at mid-height lies in the range of between 0° and −15°. 9. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) is negative in a range of the relative blade height (h/hm) of 30% to 80%. 10. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator blades (16) of the last stage have an inclination (δ) in the circumferential direction, with regard to a radial to the turbine rotor axis (17). 11. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the inclination angles (δ) vary over the blade height (h). 12. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the inclination angles continuously decrease over the blade height (h) from the hub to the casing of the steam turbine. 13. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the inclination angle (δ) of the trailing edge (16a) with regard to a radial to the rotor axis (17) of the steam turbine lies in a range of between −5° and +5° with minimum blade height (h), and lies in a range of between −10° and +5° with maximum blade height (h). 14. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pitch ratio (T/S) of the stator blades (16) of the last stage of the steam turbine (10) lies in a range of between 0.4 and 0.5 with minimum blade height (h), and lies in a range of between 0.45 and 0.65 with maximum blade height (h). 15. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the curve progression of the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) in dependence upon the relative blade height (h/hm) is homogeneous for the leading edge (16b), for the trailing edge (16a) and for the center of gravity line. 16. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) adjacent to the rotor (11) and adjacent to the stator (12) lies in the range of between 10° and 20°, and at mid-height lies in the range of between −6° and −10°. 17. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) adjacent to the rotor (11) and adjacent to the stator (12) lies in the range of between 10° and 20°, and at mid-height lies in the range of between −6° and −10°. 18. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) adjacent to the rotor (11) and adjacent to the stator (12) lies in the range of between 10° and 25°, and at mid-height lies in the range of between 0° and −15°. 19. The steam turbine (10) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the sweep angle (α, α1, α2, α3, β, ε) adjacent to the rotor (11) and adjacent to the stator (12) lies in the range of between 10° and 25°, and at mid-height lies in the range of between 0° and −15°.
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