This invention provides a method of converting heat energy to a more usable form using an externally-heated Brayton cycle. Atmospheric air is used with water injection in a thermodynamic cycle that includes compression (1), evaporative cooling (34), recuperative heating (8), evaporative cooling (36)
This invention provides a method of converting heat energy to a more usable form using an externally-heated Brayton cycle. Atmospheric air is used with water injection in a thermodynamic cycle that includes compression (1), evaporative cooling (34), recuperative heating (8), evaporative cooling (36), external heating (9) and expansion through a turbine (2). Power capacity and overall efficiency are maximized by decreasing the temperature of working fluid entering recuperator (8) and heater (9) while increasing the mass flow through turbine (2). Overall efficiency during turndown is maximized using a portion of low-pressure working fluid from the turbine in a three-chamber combustor wherein volume flow into the first chamber containing solid fuel determines the system energy, volume flow into the second chamber combines with partially combusted gases from the first chamber to achieve the optimum combustion temperature and volume flow into the third chamber blends with combustion gases from the second chamber to limit the hot gas to the maximum temperature allowed by the system equipment.
대표청구항▼
1. A method of extracting heat from a hot gas to generate electricity using atmospheric air as a working fluid, comprising the steps of: directing atmospheric air, to be used as working fluid, to the inlet of a compressor;pressuring said gaseous working fluid in said compressor;lowering the temperat
1. A method of extracting heat from a hot gas to generate electricity using atmospheric air as a working fluid, comprising the steps of: directing atmospheric air, to be used as working fluid, to the inlet of a compressor;pressuring said gaseous working fluid in said compressor;lowering the temperature by evaporative cooling, and increasing the volume, of said working fluid by spraying water into said working fluid;heating said working fluid with added water in a recuperator;lowering the temperature by evaporative cooling, and further increasing the volume of, said working fluid which has been heated in said recuperator by spraying water into said working fluid;heating said working fluid which has been heated in said recuperator and into which water has been added following said heating in said recuperator in a heater, said heater comprising a heat exchanger using said hot gas that supplies heat to said working fluid and arranged in counter-flow to said working fluid;wherein said hot gas is generated by combustion of a solid fuel in a three-chambered combustor, using a portion of said low-pressure working fluid with added vaporized water emerging from said recuperator to supply heat and/or combustion air to each chamber of said three-chambered combustor;adding solid fuel to a first chamber of said three-chambered combustor;adjusting the amount of said portion of low-pressure working fluid introduced into said first chamber in accordance with the energy output demands of the system, and at least partially combusting or pyrolizing said solid fuel;conducting the partially combusted gaseous products from said first chamber into the second chamber of said three-chambered combustor;adjusting the amount of said portion of low-pressure working fluid introduced into said second chamber to maintain an optimum temperature of combustion;conducting the combustion products from said second chamber into the third chamber of said three-chambered combustor;adjusting the amount of said portion of low-pressure working fluid introduced into said third chamber to maintain the maximum allowable temperature consistent with equipment specification;expanding said working fluid which has been heated in said heater by combustion of a solid fuel in said three-chambered combustor by expansion through a turbine, and using the work of said turbine to generate electricity;cooling the low-pressure working fluid emerging from said turbine in said recuperator, which is arranged in counter-flow to said high-pressure working fluid from said compressor;releasing said working fluid with added vaporized water to the atmosphere. 2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the portion of said low-pressure working fluid with added vaporized water emerging from said recuperator not used in said three chamber combustion process supplies heat and clean air for external space heating, water heating or combustion air. 3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein said hot gas emerging from said heater supplies heat to a heat exchanger for indirect heating of water or air. 4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein said spray water is heated by hot gas emerging from said heater before being sprayed into said working fluid. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said hot gas is generated by combustion of liquid or gaseous fuel. 6. An apparatus for converting heat to electricity, using atmospheric air as working fluid comprising: a compressor for pressurizing said working fluid;a first water spray to introduce water into said pressurized working fluid;a recuperator to heat said pressurized working fluid with added vaporized water from said first water spray using heat from low-pressure working fluid leaving a turbine, such recuperator arranged in counter-flow with said working fluid leaving a turbine;a second water spray to introduce water into said pressurized recuperated working fluid;a connection for conveying said pressurized recuperated working fluid with added vaporized water from said first water spray and said second water spray to a heater;a heater to heat said pressurized recuperated working fluid with added vaporized water from said first water spray and from said second water spray using an external hot gas;wherein the source of said external hot gas comprises a solid fuel combustor comprising three interconnected chambers, in which:a first chamber in communication with a solid fuel;said first chamber connected to an adjustable amount of low-pressure working fluid emerging from said recuperator;a second chamber connected so as to receive partially combusted gases from said first chamber;said second chamber connected to an adjustable amount of low-pressure working fluid emerging from said recuperator;a third chamber connected so as to receive combustion products from said second chamber;said third chamber connected to an adjustable amount of low-pressure working fluid emerging from said recuperator;a turbine for expanding said pressurized recuperated working fluid with added vaporized water from said first water spray and from said second water spray, which has been heated in said heater, to a low-pressure working fluid;an electrical generator coupled to said turbine; anda connection for conveying said low-pressure working fluid emerging from said turbine to said recuperator, which is arranged in counter-flow to said pressurized working fluid from said compressor. 7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a pre-heater using heat from said hot gas emerging from said heater to increase the temperature of water feeding said first water spray and said second water spray. 8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a pre-heater using heat from said hot gas emerging from said heater to increase the temperature of water feeding said first water spray and said second water spray. 9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a pre-heater using heat from said low-pressure working fluid emerging from said recuperator to increase the temperature of water feeding said first water spray and said second water spray. 10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 8 further comprising a pre-heater using heat from said low-pressure working fluid emerging from said recuperator which is not used in said three chamber combustor to increase the temperature of water feeding said first water spray and said second water spray. 11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein the source of said external hot gas comprises a combustor for the combustion of solid, liquid or gaseous fuel.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (4)
Schwartzman Everett H. (724 Cloyden Road Palos Verdes Estates CA 90274), Compound brayton-cycle engine.
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Li, Heng-Yi; Yang, Chun-Wei; Chang, Shih-Tse; Huang, Tsair-Fuh; Lee, How-Ming; Tzeng, Chin-Ching, Power generation using a heat transfer device and closed loop working fluid.
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