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Methods and apparatus for the reproducible, consistent and efficacious delivery of a therapeutic agent to a patient. The invention comprises means for the controlled administration of the therapeutic agent through an orifice to the patient, a plurality of penetrating electrodes arranged with a prede

Methods and apparatus for the reproducible, consistent and efficacious delivery of a therapeutic agent to a patient. The invention comprises means for the controlled administration of the therapeutic agent through an orifice to the patient, a plurality of penetrating electrodes arranged with a predetermined spatial relationship relative to the orifice, and means for generating an electrical signal operatively connected to the electrodes.

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1. A method for the intracellular delivery of a therapeutic agent to a predetermined tissue site within a patient comprising the steps of: providing an injection needle comprising an injection orifice having a penetration depth controllable by a depth controller and controllable independently from a

1. A method for the intracellular delivery of a therapeutic agent to a predetermined tissue site within a patient comprising the steps of: providing an injection needle comprising an injection orifice having a penetration depth controllable by a depth controller and controllable independently from and relative to the penetration depth of a plurality of penetrating electrodes;inserting the plurality of penetrating electrodes in tissue of the patient to substantially encompass said predetermined tissue site;contacting said patient with the injection orifice of the injection needle wherein the penetration depth of the orifice is such that said injection orifice is located within the tissue region bounded by said electrodes;administering the therapeutic agent through said orifice such that the agent is distributed within said predetermined tissue site encompassed by said electrodes; andapplying an electrical signal to at least two of said electrodes such that the resulting electric field propagation in said predetermined tissue site is of sufficient magnitude and duration to increase the intracellular uptake of said therapeutic agent. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein a template is used to control the spatial relationship between said injection orifice and said electrodes in the tissue of said patient. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said therapeutic agent is a nucleic acid. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the nucleic acid is DNA. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein said predetermined tissue site is located in a skeletal muscle of said patient, wherein the predetermined tissue site comprises healthy cells. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein said electrical signal comprises at least one monopolar direct current pulse. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has a duration of 0.1 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has an amplitude capable of inducing an electrical field of from approximately 50 to approximately 300 V/cm between at least two of said electrodes. 9. A method for the intracellular delivery of a therapeutic agent to a predetermined tissue site within a patient comprising the steps of: inserting a plurality of penetrating electrodes in the tissue of the patient to substantially encompass the predetermined tissue site;providing an injection needle comprising an injection orifice, wherein the tip of said injection needle is proximal to the tip of said electrodes;contacting said patient with the injection orifice of the injection needle;administering the therapeutic agent through said orifice to said predetermined tissue site encompassed by said electrodes wherein the depth of insertion of the orifice is such that said injection orifice is located within the tissue region bounded by said electrodes, and wherein the rate of agent administration is controlled by a controlled source of energy;applying an electrical signal to at least two of said electrodes such that the resulting electric field propagation in said predetermined tissue site is of sufficient magnitude and duration to increase the intracellular uptake of said therapeutic agent. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein a template is used to control the spatial relationship between said injection orifice and said electrodes in the tissue of said patient. 11. The method of claim 9 wherein said controlled source of energy is a spring. 12. The method of claim 9 wherein said controlled source of energy is a compressed gas. 13. The method of claim 9 wherein said therapeutic agent is a nucleic acid. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein the nucleic acid is DNA. 15. The method of claim 9 wherein said predetermined tissue site is located in a skeletal muscle of said patient, wherein the predetermined tissue site comprises healthy cells. 16. The method of claim 9 wherein said electrical signal comprises at least one monopolar direct current pulse. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has a duration of 0.1 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds. 18. The method of claim 16 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has an amplitude capable of inducing an electrical field of from approximately 50 to approximately 300 V/cm between at least two of said electrodes. 19. A method for the intracellular delivery of a therapeutic agent to a predetermined tissue site within a patient comprising the steps of: contacting said patient with an injection orifice of an injection needle of a first device;administering the therapeutic agent to said patient through said orifice such that the agent is distributed within the predetermined tissue site;contacting said patient with a second device that houses the plurality of electrodes in a retracted state such that the electrodes are not visible to the patient;deploying said plurality of electrodes from their retracted state into the tissue of said patient so as to substantially encompass said predetermined tissue site;applying an electrical signal to at least two of said electrodes such that the resulting electric field propagation in said predetermined tissue site is of sufficient magnitude and duration to increase the intracellular uptake of said therapeutic agent. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein deployment of said electrodes is mediated by controlled source of energy. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein said controlled source of energy is a spring. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein said controlled source of energy is a compressed gas. 23. The method of claim 19 wherein said therapeutic agent is a nucleic acid. 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the nucleic acid is DNA. 25. The method of claim 19 wherein said predetermined tissue site is located in a skeletal muscle of said patient, wherein the predetermined tissue site comprises healthy cells. 26. The method of claim 19 wherein said electrical signal comprises at least one monopolar direct current pulse. 27. The method of claim 26 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has a duration of 0.1 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds. 28. The method of claim 26 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has an amplitude capable of inducing an electrical field of from approximately 50 to approximately 300 V/cm between at least two of said electrodes. 29. A method for the intracellular delivery of a therapeutic agent to a predetermined tissue site within a patient comprising the steps of: contacting said patient with a device that houses an injection needle that comprises an injection orifice, andhouses a plurality of electrodes in a retracted state such that the electrodes are not visible to the patient, and wherein the tip of said injection needle is proximal to the tip of said electrodes;deploying said plurality of electrodes from their retracted state into the tissue of said patient to substantially encompass said predetermined tissue site;administering the therapeutic agent through said orifice wherein the depth of insertion of the orifice is such that said orifice is located within the tissue region bounded by said electrodes, and such that the agent is distributed within said predetermined tissue site;applying an electrical signal to at least two of said electrodes such that the resulting electric field propagation in said predetermined tissue site is of sufficient magnitude and duration to increase the intracellular uptake of said therapeutic agent,wherein the rate of agent administration is controlled by a controlled source of energy. 30. The method of claim 29 wherein deployment of said electrodes is mediated by controlled source of energy. 31. The method of claim 30 wherein said controlled source of energy is a spring. 32. The method of claim 30 wherein said controlled source of energy is a compressed gas. 33. The method of claim 29 wherein said therapeutic agent is a nucleic acid. 34. The method of claim 33 wherein the nucleic acid is DNA. 35. The method of claim 29 wherein said predetermined tissue site is located in a skeletal muscle of said patient, wherein the predetermined tissue site comprises healthy cells. 36. The method of claim 29 wherein said electrical signal comprises at least one monopolar direct current pulse. 37. The method of claim 36 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has a duration of 0.1 milliseconds to 100 milliseconds. 38. The method of claim 36 wherein at least one of said monopolar direct current pulses has an amplitude capable of inducing an electrical field of from approximately 50 to approximately 300 V/cm between at least two of said electrodes.