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Antimicrobial compositions, especially those useful when applied topically, particularly to mucosal tissues (i.e., mucous membranes), including an antiseptic such as halogenated phenols, bisphenols, diphenyl ethers, anilides and derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. The compositions can als

Antimicrobial compositions, especially those useful when applied topically, particularly to mucosal tissues (i.e., mucous membranes), including an antiseptic such as halogenated phenols, bisphenols, diphenyl ethers, anilides and derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof. The compositions can also include an enhancer component, a surfactant, a hydrophobic component, and/or a hydrophilic component. Such compositions provide effective topical antimicrobial activity and are accordingly useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions that are caused, or aggravated by, microorganisms (including viruses).

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1. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition comprising: an antiseptic selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphen

1. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition comprising: an antiseptic selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphenols, halogenated carbanilides, salicylanilides, and combinations thereof, wherein the composition includes a total amount of the antiseptic of at least 1 wt-% and no greater than 6 wt-%, based upon the total weight of the composition as used,a hydrophilic component selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, lower alkyl ethers, and short chain esters; wherein the hydrophilic component is present in a total amount of at least 8 wt-% and no greater than 50 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a surfactant selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt-% and no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; anda hydrophobic component wherein the hydrophobic component has a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 23° C.; and wherein the hydrophobic component is present in a total amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than 100 cps;wherein the mammalian tissue is at least a portion of the nasal cavity, the anterior nares, the esophageal cavity, and/or the nasopharynx of a subject;wherein the microorganisms comprise bacteria and the antimicrobial composition is used in an amount effective to kill one or more bacteria. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising an enhancer component. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein the enhancer component comprises an alpha-hydroxy acid, a beta-hydroxy acid, a chelating agent, a (C1-C4)alkyl carboxylic acid, a (C6-C12)aryl carboxylic acid, a (C6-C12)aralkyl carboxylic acid, a (C6-C12)alkaryl carboxylic acid, a phenolic compound, a (C1-C10)alkyl alcohol, an ether glycol, or combinations thereof. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the enhancer component is present at a concentration greater than 0.2% by weight. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the total concentration of the enhancer component relative to the total concentration of antimicrobial is within a range of 5:1 to 1:10, on a weight basis. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the total concentration of the surfactant to the total concentration of antimicrobial is within a range of 3:1 to 1:10, on a weight basis. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic component is present in an amount no greater than 30 wt-%. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrophobic component is present in an amount of at least 50 wt-%. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrophilic component is selected from a glycol, a lower alcohol ether, a short chain ester, or combinations thereof, and wherein the hydrophilic component is soluble in water in an amount of at least 20 wt-% at 23° C. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrophobic component is an organic compound, which at 23° C. is a liquid, gelatinous, semisolid, or solid and has a solubility in water of less than 0.5% by weight. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition achieves at least 2 log reduction in test bacteria in 10 minutes according to the Antimicrobial Efficacy Test. 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the composition achieves at least 4 log reduction in test bacteria in 10 minutes according to the Antimicrobial Efficacy Test. 13. The method of claim 1 wherein the viscosity of the composition is at least 500 cps. 14. The method of claim 1 wherein the bacteria comprise Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia spp., Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp and combinations thereof. 15. The method of claim 14 wherein the bacteria comprise Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pyogenes and combinations thereof. 16. The method of claim 1 wherein the antiseptic is present in a concentration of at least 75% of the solubility limit of the antiseptic in the hydrophobic component. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic component is present in the greatest amount. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrophobic component is present in the greatest amount. 19. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition, wherein water is not used in the composition, andthe antimicrobial composition comprises:an antiseptic in an amount of at least 1 wt % and no greater than 6 wt-%, based upon the total weight of the composition as used, selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphenols, halogenated carbanilides, salicylanilides, and combinations thereof,a hydrophilic component selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, lower alkyl ethers, and short chain esters; wherein the hydrophilic component is present in a total amount of at least 8 wt-% and no greater than 50 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a surfactant selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphonate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, a poloxamer, a cationic surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt-% and any surfactant irritating to tissue is present at no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; anda hydrophobic component wherein the hydrophobic component has a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 23° C.; and wherein the hydrophobic component is present in a total amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than 100 cps;wherein the mammalian tissue is at least a portion of the nasal cavity, the anterior nares, and/or the nasopharynx of a subject;wherein the microorganisms comprise bacteria and the antimicrobial composition is used in an amount effective to kill one or more bacteria. 20. The method of claim 19 wherein the composition includes an enhancer component, which is present at a concentration of greater than 0.2% by weight. 21. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition comprising: an antiseptic selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphenols, halogenated carbanilides, salicylanilides, and combinations thereof, wherein the composition includes a total amount of the antiseptic of at least 1 wt-% and no greater than 6 wt-%, based upon the total weight of the composition as used,a hydrophilic component selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, lower alkyl ethers, and short chain esters; wherein the hydrophilic component is present in a total amount of at least 8 wt-% and no greater than 50 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a surfactant selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt-% and no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a hydrophobic component; wherein the hydrophobic component has a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 23° C.; and wherein the hydrophobic component is present in a total amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; andan enhancer component;wherein the enhancer component is present in the composition at a concentration greater than 0.2% by weight;wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than 100 cps;wherein the mammalian tissue is at least a portion of the nasal cavity, the anterior nares, and/or the nasopharynx of a subject;wherein the microorganisms comprise bacteria and the antimicrobial composition is used in an amount effective to kill one or more bacteria. 22. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition and allowing it to remain on the tissue, the antimicrobial composition comprising: an antiseptic selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphenols, halogenated carbanilides, salicylanilides, and combinations thereof, wherein the composition includes a total amount of the antiseptic of at least 1 wt-% and no greater than 6 wt-%, based upon the total weight of the composition as used,a hydrophilic component selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, lower alkyl ethers, and short chain esters; wherein the hydrophilic component is present in a total amount of at least 8 wt-% and no greater than 50 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a surfactant selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt-% and no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a hydrophobic component wherein the hydrophobic component has a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 23° C.; and wherein the hydrophobic component is present in a total amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; andan enhancer component with the proviso that when a chelator enhancer that includes carboxylic acid groups is present, at least one of the carboxylic acid groups is in the free acid form;wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than 100 cps;wherein the mammalian tissue is at least a portion of the nasal cavity, the anterior nares, and/or the nasopharynx of a subject;wherein the microorganisms comprise bacteria and the antimicrobial composition is used in an amount effective to kill one or more bacteria. 23. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition consisting essentially of: an antiseptic selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphenols, halogenated carbanilides, salicylanilides, and combinations thereof, wherein the composition includes a total amount of the antiseptic of at least 1 wt-% and no greater than 6 wt-%, based upon the total weight of the composition as used,a hydrophilic component selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, lower alkyl ethers, and short chain esters; wherein the hydrophilic component is present in a total amount of at least 8 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a surfactant selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt-% and no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; anda hydrophobic component; wherein the hydrophobic component has a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 23° C.; wherein the hydrophobic component is present in a total amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; and wherein the hydrophobic component is present in the greatest amount and not greater than 92 wt-% based on the weight of the ready to use composition;wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than 100 cps;wherein the mammalian tissue is at least a portion of the nasal cavity, the anterior nares, and/or the nasopharynx of a subject;wherein the microorganisms comprise bacteria and the antimicrobial composition is used in an amount effective to kill one or more bacteria. 24. A method of killing or inactivating microorganisms on mammalian tissue, the method comprising contacting the affected area with an antimicrobial composition, the antimicrobial composition comprising: an antiseptic selected from the group consisting of diphenyl ethers, halogenated phenols, bisphenols, halogenated carbanilides, salicylanilides, and combinations thereof, wherein the composition includes a total amount of the antiseptic of at least 1 wt-% and no greater than 6 wt-%, based upon the total weight of the composition as used,a hydrophilic component selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, lower alkyl ethers, and short chain esters; wherein the hydrophilic component is present in the greatest amount and not greater than 60 wt-% based on the weight of the ready to use composition;a surfactant selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount of at least 0.5 wt-% and no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition; anda hydrophobic component; wherein the hydrophobic component has a solubility in water of less than 1% by weight at 23° C.; and wherein the hydrophobic component is present in a total amount of at least 30 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition;wherein the composition has a viscosity of greater than 100 cps;wherein the mammalian tissue is at least a portion of the nasal cavity, the anterior nares, and/or the nasopharynx of a subject; andwherein the microorganisms comprise bacteria and the antimicrobial composition is used in an amount effective to kill one or more bacteria. 25. The method of claim 19, wherein the surfactant is selected from a sulfonate surfactant, a sulfate surfactant, a phosphate surfactant, and mixtures thereof; wherein the surfactant is present in a total amount no greater than 3 wt-%, based on the weight of the ready to use composition.