In one embodiment, a fluid mixture composition is used at least in part as a fuel for engine-powered transportation vehicles, the mixture comprising an initial concentration of an ammonia-like reductant component and an initial concentration of an ammonia-like carrier component. The mixture may also
In one embodiment, a fluid mixture composition is used at least in part as a fuel for engine-powered transportation vehicles, the mixture comprising an initial concentration of an ammonia-like reductant component and an initial concentration of an ammonia-like carrier component. The mixture may also include an optional third hydrocarbon component, e.g., gasoline or diesel fuel, with modified properties when compared to conventional gasolines or diesel fuels. The mixture is separated into a first and a second stream, with the majority of the first stream being used as a fuel for the engine and at least a first portion of the second stream being injected into the engine exhaust gases to reduce NOx emissions. A second portion of the second stream is aspirated into the engine and a lean air/fuel ratio may be used to improve fuel efficiency.
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1. A method for reducing NOx emissions from a vehicle, said vehicle powered at least in part by an air-consuming combustion engine, said method comprising: transferring a fluid mixture from a fuel dispensing facility through a fill port to a vehicle storage vessel, said fluid mixture comprising a hy
1. A method for reducing NOx emissions from a vehicle, said vehicle powered at least in part by an air-consuming combustion engine, said method comprising: transferring a fluid mixture from a fuel dispensing facility through a fill port to a vehicle storage vessel, said fluid mixture comprising a hydrocarbon component, an ammonia-like NOx reductant component and a NOx reductant carrier component, said ammonia-like NOx reductant component comprising nitrogen and hydrogen elements with no more than a minor amount of carbon;storing said fluid mixture on-board said vehicle in said vehicle storage vessel prior to operation of said vehicle;withdrawing at least a portion of said fluid mixture from said vehicle storage vessel;separating said portion of said fluid mixture into at least a first portion and a second portion wherein said first portion has a concentration of said ammonia-like NOx reductant component different from the concentration of said ammonia-like NOx reductant component of said second constituent portion;mixing at least some of said first portion with engine intake air to form a combustible mixture;combusting said combustible mixture in said air-consuming combustion engine resulting in an exhaust gas mixture being generated; andmixing at least some of said second portion with said exhaust gas mixture. 2. A method for reducing NOx emissions from a vehicle, said vehicle powered at least in part by an air-consuming combustion engine, said method comprising: transferring a fluid mixture from a fuel dispensing facility through a fill port to a vehicle storage vessel, said fluid mixture comprising a hydrocarbon component and an ammonia-like NOx reductant component and a NOx reductant carrier component, said ammonia-like NOx reductant component comprising nitrogen and hydrogen elements with no more than a minor amount of carbon;storing said fluid mixture on-board said vehicle in said vehicle storage vessel prior to operation of said vehicle;withdrawing at least a portion of said fluid mixture from said vehicle storage vessel;separating said portion of said fluid mixture into at least a first portion and a second portion wherein said first portion has a concentration of said ammonia-like NOx reductant component different from the concentration of said ammonia-like NOx reductant component of said second constituent portion;mixing at least some of said first portion with engine intake air to form a combustible mixture;combusting said combustible mixture in said air-consuming combustion engine resulting in an exhaust gas mixture being generated; andmixing at least some of said second portion with said exhaust gas mixture, wherein said ammonia-like NOx reductant component consists essentially of ammonia, said carrier component consists essentially of one or more alcohols. 3. The method of claim 2 which also comprises the step of contacting said exhaust gas mixture with a catalyst after the step of mixing at least some of said second portion. 4. The method of claim 2 which also comprises the step of increasing the concentration of said ammonia component in said second portion before the step of mixing at least some of said second portion with said exhaust gas mixture. 5. The method of claim 2 which also comprises the step of mixing at least some of said second portion with said engine intake air before said step of mixing at least some of said first portion with said engine intake air, wherein the combustion air/fuel ratio is typically greater than stoichiometric and has a Lambda value of at least about 1.03 over at least a substantial portion of the range of operating conditions of said air-consuming combustion engine. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein said air-consuming combustion engine is a diesel cycle engine and wherein at least some of said second portion is at less than atmospheric pressure prior to mixing with said engine intake air wherein said second portion mixing with said engine intake air does not initially form a combustible mixture with an initial air/fuel ratio being outside the flammability range. 7. The method of claim 2 which also comprises the step supplying at least some of said second portion to a use other than combusting or exhaust gas mixing. 8. A method of reducing at least one constituent of an exhaust gas mixture containing nitrogen oxides wherein said exhaust gas mixture is generated by a combustion engine on-board a vehicle, said method comprising: transferring a fluid mixture from a fuel dispensing facility through a fill port to a vehicle storage vessel wherein said fluid mixture contains a majority of hydrocarbon constituents;separating an ammonia-containing fluid from said transferred fluid mixture after said transferring to said vehicle; andadding at least some of said ammonia-containing fluid to said exhaust gas mixture forming a reduced exhaust gas mixture. 9. The method of claim 8 wherein said ammonia-containing fluid is primarily used as a generally liquid fuel for said combustion engine, wherein the ratio of the amount of ammonia constituent in said ammonia-containing fluid to the amount of nitrogen oxides within the exhaust gas is less than about 1.0-1.4, and wherein the method also comprises the step of contacting said reduced exhaust gas mixture with a catalyst. 10. A fluid mixture primarily for use as a generally liquid fuel in an internal combustion engine in a baseline vehicle that produces exhaust gases, said baseline vehicle having a means for stripping at least a portion of an ammonia-like NOx reductant component of said fluid mixture, a means for using the remainder of said fluid mixture as a fuel in said internal combustion engine, a means for injecting said portion into said exhaust gases, and a means for transferring said fluid mixture from a fuel dispensing facility to a vehicle storage vessel in said baseline vehicle, said fluid mixture having a first level of anti-knock properties and said fluid mixture comprising a hydrocarbon fluid component having a second level of anti-knock properties that less effective is controlling engine knock and that results in higher levels exhaust-gas NOx emissions when combusted by itself in said baseline internal combustion engine when compared to combusting said remainder of said fluid mixture, an ammonia-like NOx reductant component comprising at least about 0.01 percent by weight of the mixture, and a NOx reductant carrier component comprising at least about 5 percent of the weight of the mixture.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (24)
Berriman, Lester P.; Zabsky, John M.; Simons, Lionel S., Ammonia storage and injection in NOx control.
Berriman Lester P. (Irvine CA) Zabsky John M. (Santa Ana CA) Davis James W. (Rancho Mirage CA) Hylton William M. (Sacramento CA), Engine NOx reduction.
Berriman Lester P. (277 Kavenish Dr. West Irvine CA) Zabsky John M. (277 Kavenish Dr. West Santa Ana CA) Davis James W. (277 Kavenish Dr. West Rancho Mirage CA 92270) Hylton William M. (Sacramento CA, Engine NOx reduction system.
Rao Vemulapalli Durga Nageswar ; Cikanek Harry Arthur, Method and apparatus for reducing NO.sub.x in the exhaust streams of internal combustion engines.
Rao Vemulapalli Durga N. (Bloomfield Township MI) Cikanek Harry A. (Northville MI), Method for reducing NOx in the exhaust streams of internal combustion engines.
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