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A sensor-network system for spectrally sensing a chemical or biological substance includes a plurality of probe assemblies that each includes a sensor comprising a nano structured surface, wherein the nano structured surface can adsorb molecules of a sample material captured adjacent to the sensor;

A sensor-network system for spectrally sensing a chemical or biological substance includes a plurality of probe assemblies that each includes a sensor comprising a nano structured surface, wherein the nano structured surface can adsorb molecules of a sample material captured adjacent to the sensor; a laser configured to emit a laser beam to illuminate the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface, and a spectrometer that can obtain spectral data from light scattered by the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface. A control center includes a computer storage configured to store spectral signatures each associated with a chemical or biological substance and a spectral analyzer that can determine a spectral signature matching at least one of the spectral signatures stored in the computer storage thereby to identify, in the sample material, the chemical or biological substance associated with the one of the spectral signatures.

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1. A sensor-network system for spectrally sensing a chemical or biological substance, comprising: a plurality of probe assemblies each comprising: a sensor comprising a nano structured surface configured to adsorb molecules of a sample material captured adjacent to the sensor;a laser configured to e

1. A sensor-network system for spectrally sensing a chemical or biological substance, comprising: a plurality of probe assemblies each comprising: a sensor comprising a nano structured surface configured to adsorb molecules of a sample material captured adjacent to the sensor;a laser configured to emit a laser beam to illuminate the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface; anda spectrometer configured to obtain spectral data from light scattered by the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface; anda control center, comprising: a computer storage configured to store one or more spectral signatures each associated with a chemical or biological substance; anda spectral analyzer in communication with the computer storage, wherein the spectral analyzer is configured to determine, in the spectral data, a spectral signature matching at least one of the spectral signatures stored in the computer storage thereby to identify, in the sample material, the chemical or biological substance associated with the one of the spectral signatures. 2. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of probe assemblies further comprises collection optics configured to collect the light scattered by molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface and direct the scattered light to the spectrometer. 3. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the spectral data is transmitted from the probe assemblies to the control center via a wired computer network. 4. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the control center further comprises an alert and response system in communication with the spectral analyzer, wherein the alert and response system is configured to send out an alert signal when the identified chemical or biological substance is a hazardous material. 5. The sensor-network system of claim 1, further comprising a first antenna in communication with the one of the probe assemblies, wherein the first antenna is configured to transmit a first wireless signal comprising the spectral data, wherein the control center comprises: a second antenna configured to receive the first wireless signal; anda wireless router in communication with the spectral analyzer, wherein the wireless router is configured to extract the spectral data from the first wireless signal. 6. The sensor-network system of claim 5, wherein the control center further comprises an alert and response system in communication with the spectral analyzer and the wireless router, wherein the alert and response system is configured send out an alert signal when the identified chemical or biological substance is a hazardous material, wherein the wireless router is configured to transmit a second wireless signal comprising the alert signal. 7. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the nano structured surface on the sensor comprises nano particles supplied by a solution. 8. The sensor-network system of claim 7, wherein the substrate comprises a substantially flat surface on which the nano particles are disposed. 9. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of probe assemblies are installed in or around a building, an airport, a custom, a conveyance system for cargo or luggage, a doctor or a health advisor's office, a check station on a road, a harbor, in a vehicle, a ship, a submarine, an airplane, a train, a subway, an industrial site, a resort area, a shopping mall, a research Lab, a school, or a water source. 10. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the spectral data comprises information about a Raman spectrum. 11. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the sample material is extracted from a food product. 12. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the sample material comprises a body fluid obtained from a person or an animal, the method further comprising: diagnosing a disease in a person or an animal based on the spectral signature determined in the Raman spectrum. 13. The sensor-network system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of probe assemblies are disposed for security monitoring, wherein the sample material to be captured adjacent to the sensor comprises a material for a chemical or a biological weapon, an explosive material, a flammable material, a narcotic drugs, or a radioactive material. 14. A sensor-network system for spectrally sensing a chemical or biological substance, comprising: a plurality of probe assemblies at a plurality of locations, each probe assembly comprising: a sensor configured to receive molecules of a sample material captured adjacent to the sensor;a laser configured to emit a laser beam to illuminate the molecules; anda spectrometer configured to obtain spectral data from light scattered by the molecules in the sensor; anda control center, comprising: a computer storage configured to store one or more spectral signatures each associated with a chemical or biological substance;a spectral analyzer in communication with the computer storage, wherein the spectral analyzer is configured to determine, in the spectral data, a spectral signature matching at least one of the spectral signatures stored in the computer storage thereby to identify, in the sample material, the chemical or biological substance associated with the one of the spectral signatures; anda processor configured to calculate a location of the sample material at a specific a time using the spectral data obtained from two or more of the plurality of probe assemblies and using the locations of the two or more of the plurality of probe assemblies. 15. The sensor-network system of claim 14, further comprising a camera adjacent to at least one of the probe assemblies, wherein the camera is configured to capture images to be evaluated by the processor to enable the identification of a suspect person or package for carrying a source of the sample material. 16. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to determine a spatial-time profile for the source of the sample material using the spectral data obtained from two or more of the plurality of probe assemblies and using the locations of the two or more of the plurality of probe assemblies. 17. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the spectral data is transmitted from at least one of the probe assemblies to the control center via a wired data line or a wired computer network. 18. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the control center further comprises an alert and response system in communication with the processor, wherein the alert and response system is configured to send out an alert signal when the chemical or biological substance is identified to be a hazardous material. 19. The sensor-network system of claim 14, further comprising a first antenna in communication with the one of the probe assemblies, wherein the first antenna is configured to transmit a first wireless signal comprising the spectral data, wherein the control center comprises: a second antenna configured to receive the first wireless signal; anda wireless router in communication with the spectral analyzer, wherein the wireless router is configured to extract the spectral data from the first wireless signal, wherein the wireless router is configured to transmit a second wireless signal comprising an alert signal when the identified chemical or biological substance is a hazardous material. 20. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the sensor comprises a nano structured surface configured to adsorb molecules of the sample material captured adjacent to the sensor. 21. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the plurality of probe assemblies are installed in or around a building, an airport, a custom, a conveyance system for cargo or luggage, a doctor or a health advisor's office, a check station on a road, a harbor, in a vehicle, a ship, a submarine, an airplane, a train, a subway, an industrial site, a resort area, a shopping mall, a research Lab, a school, or a water source. 22. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the spectral data comprises a Raman spectrum. 23. A sensor-network system for spectrally sensing a chemical or biological substance, comprising: a plurality of probe assemblies each comprising: a sensor comprising a nano structured surface that is configured to adsorb molecules of a sample material captured adjacent to the sensor; anda laser configured to emit a laser beam to illuminate the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface, wherein the probe assembly is configured to transmit the light scattered by the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface to a control center in an optical fiber; anda control center, comprising: an optical multiplexer configured to receive the light scattered by the molecules adsorbed to the nano structured surface from the plurality of probe assemblies in a plurality of channels and output scattered light in one of the plurality of channels;a spectrometer configured to obtain spectral data from the scattered light in one of the plurality of channels output by the optical multiplexer;a computer storage configured to store one or more spectral signatures each associated with a chemical or biological substance; anda spectral analyzer in communication with the computer storage, wherein the spectral analyzer is configured to determine, in the spectral data, a spectral signature matching at least one of the spectral signatures stored in the computer storage thereby to identify, in the sample material, the chemical or biological substance associated with the one of the spectral signatures. 24. The sensor-network system of claim 23, wherein the sample material is extracted from a food product. 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the chemical or biological substance is selected from the group consisting of melamine, sodium cyclamate, sodium cyclohexylsulfamate, cane sugar, starch, nitrite, nitrate, sulfide, Sudan I, II, III and IV, malachite green, methomidophos, acephate, DDT, DDV, malathion, fenitrothion, carbofuran, brodifacoum, tetramethylenedisulfotetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, fluoroacetamide, chlorphacinone, pindone, diphacinone, amitraz, monocrotophos, phorate, disulfoton, phosmet, parathion, fenthion, phosphamidon, diazinon, aldicarb, trichlorfon, aldrin, bentazone, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, methyl parathion, phosmet, dimethoate, nitrofuran, furanzolidole, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, clenbuterol, enorfloxacin, rhodanmine B, benzoic acid, hyposulfurous acid, sodium formaldehyde, formaldehyde, phthalates, dioxins, Pd, Cd Hg, As, and Cr in water, cyanides, chlorates, sulfates, crysoidine G, boric acid and borax, sodium sulfocyanate, lead chrome green, Basic Flavine O, industrial used formaldehyde and NaOH, carbon monoxide, sodium sulfate, industrial surfer, industrial dyes, fructus papaveris, over dosed level of food colorants, food preservants, sweeteners, emulsifier, swelling agents overdose, bleach, sulfer suffumigation, color protectants, TiO2, benzoyl peroxide, and KAlSO4. 26. The sensor-network system of claim 23, wherein the sample material comprises a body fluid obtained from a person or an animal, the method further comprising: diagnosing a disease in a person based on the spectral signature determined in the Raman spectrum. 27. The sensor-network system of claim 26, wherein the body fluid includes blood, saliva, urine, serum, tear, sweat, stomach fluid, hydrothorax, ascites, CSF, sperm, or a secrete body fluid. 28. The sensor-network system of claim 26, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, ulcer cancer, ovarian cancer, uterus cancer, cervix cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, larynx cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, bronchus cancer, pancreas cancer, head cancer, neck cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, a failing kidney, HIV (virus), diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, smoking status, and drug addiction. 29. The sensor-network system of claim 26, wherein the disease includes an illicit use of a drug selected from a group consisting of heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, codeine, amphetamine, ephedrine, papaverine, narcotine, acetyl codeine, methamphetamine HCl, ketamine HCl, codeine H3PO4, meperidine HCl (pethidine), triazolam, secobarbital, hypaconitine, and MDMA. 30. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the sample material is extracted from a food product. 31. The method of claim 14, wherein the chemical or biological substance is selected from the group consisting of melamine, sodium cyclamate, sodium cyclohexylsulfamate, cane sugar, starch, nitrite, nitrate, sulfide, Sudan I, II, III and IV, malachite green, methomidophos, acephate, DDT, DDV, malathion, fenitrothion, carbofuran, brodifacoum, tetramethylenedisulfotetramine, sodium fluoroacetate, fluoroacetamide, chlorphacinone, pindone, diphacinone, amitraz, monocrotophos, phorate, disulfoton, phosmet, parathion, fenthion, phosphamidon, diazinon, aldicarb, trichlorfon, aldrin, bentazone, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, methyl parathion, phosmet, dimethoate, nitrofuran, furanzolidole, chloramphenicol, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, clenbuterol, enorfloxacin, rhodanmine B, benzoic acid, hyposulfurous acid, sodium formaldehyde, formaldehyde, phthalates, dioxins, Pd, Cd Hg, As, and Cr in water, cyanides, chlorates, sulfates, crysoidine G, boric acid and borax, sodium sulfocyanate, lead chrome green, Basic Flavine O, industrial used formaldehyde and NaOH, carbon monoxide, sodium sulfate, industrial surfer, industrial dyes, fructus papaveris, over dosed level of food colorants, food preservants, sweeteners, emulsifier, swelling agents overdose, bleach, sulfer suffumigation, color protectants, TiO2, benzoyl peroxide, and KAlSO4. 32. The sensor-network system of claim 14, wherein the sample material comprises a body fluid obtained from a person or an animal, the method further comprising: diagnosing a disease in the person based on the spectral signature determined in the Raman spectrum. 33. The sensor-network system of claim 32, wherein the body fluid includes blood, saliva, urine, serum, tear, sweat, stomach fluid, hydrothorax, ascites, CSF, sperm, or a secrete body fluid. 34. The sensor-network system of claim 32, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, ulcer cancer, ovarian cancer, uterus cancer, cervix cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, thyroid cancer, larynx cancer, leukemia, colon cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, bronchus cancer, pancreas cancer, head cancer, neck cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, a failing kidney, HIV (virus), diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, smoking status, and drug addiction. 35. The sensor-network system of claim 32, wherein the disease includes an illicit use of a drug selected from a group consisting of heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, morphine, codeine, amphetamine, ephedrine, papaverine, narcotine, acetyl codeine, methamphetamine HCl, ketamine HCl, codeine H3PO4, meperidine HCl (pethidine), triazolam, secobarbital, hypaconitine, and MDMA.