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Apparatus and methods are provided for forming a gastrointestinal tissue fold by engaging tissue at a first tissue contact point, moving the first tissue contact point from a position initially distal to a second tissue contact point to a position proximal of the second contact point to form a tissu

Apparatus and methods are provided for forming a gastrointestinal tissue fold by engaging tissue at a first tissue contact point, moving the first tissue contact point from a position initially distal to a second tissue contact point to a position proximal of the second contact point to form a tissue fold, and extending an anchor assembly through the tissue fold near the second tissue contact point. Adjustable anchor assemblies, as well as anchor delivery systems, are also provided.

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1. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, the apparatus comprising: a plication apparatus having a distal region adapted to engage a tissue fold within a patient; andan anchor assembly having proximal and distal anchors connected by a suture, said suture having a proximal end and a d

1. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, the apparatus comprising: a plication apparatus having a distal region adapted to engage a tissue fold within a patient; andan anchor assembly having proximal and distal anchors connected by a suture, said suture having a proximal end and a distal end, said anchor assembly being adapted for adjustment of the length of suture disposed between the proximal and distal anchors while the anchor assembly is disposed across the tissue fold;an anchor delivery system adapted to deploy and secure the anchor assembly across the tissue fold, said anchor delivery system comprising a flexible delivery tube having a lumen, and a hollow needle disposed within the lumen;wherein the anchor assembly passes through the hollow needle during delivery;a trap mechanism at the proximal anchor adapted to reversibly trap the suture at or near its proximal end to facilitate adjustment of the length of suture disposed between the proximal and distal anchors;with the trap mechanism comprising a spring within the proximal anchor. 2. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, comprising: an elongated body;a hollow needle moveable within the elongated body;an anchor assembly passable through the hollow needle and having first and second anchors connected by a suture, with the second anchor having a housing and with the suture extending through the housing; andat least one trapping element moveable within the housing and configured to allow movement of the second anchor relative to the first anchor in only one direction. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, with the at least one trapping element locking onto the suture only when tension is applied to the suture between the first and second anchors, and between the second anchor and a proximal end of the elongated body. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, with the suture moveable from a first position relative to the trapping element, wherein the suture is free to move in both distal and proximal directions, and a second position wherein the suture is free to move only in the proximal direction. 5. The apparatus of claim 2 with the suture extending through the trapping element. 6. The apparatus of claim 2 with the suture wrapping around the trapping element. 7. The apparatus of claim 2 with the trapping element comprising a spring. 8. The apparatus of claim 2 comprising two trapping elements within the housing moveable relative to each other. 9. The apparatus of claim 8 with the trapping elements comprising substantially parallel rods. 10. The apparatus of claim 9 with the housing comprising a cylinder and with the suture extending through openings in a cylindrical sidewall of the cylinder, and with the rods substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the cylinder. 11. The apparatus of claim 2 with the housing comprising a cylinder and with the suture extending through openings in a cylindrical sidewall of the cylinder. 12. The apparatus of claim 2 with the housing comprising a hollow tube. 13. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, comprising: an elongated body;a hollow needle moveable within the elongated body;an anchor assembly passable through the hollow needle and having first and second anchors connected by a suture, with the second anchor having a housing and with the suture extending through the housing; andat least one trapping element moveable within the housing, and the suture extending through the trapping element. 14. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, comprising: an elongated body;a hollow needle moveable within the elongated body;an anchor assembly passable through the hollow needle and having first and second anchors connected by a suture, with the second anchor having a housing and with the suture extending through the housing; andat least one trapping element comprising a spring moveable within the housing. 15. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, comprising: an elongated body;a hollow needle moveable within the elongated body;an anchor assembly passable through the hollow needle and having first and second anchors connected by a suture, with the second anchor having a housing and with the suture extending through the housing; andat least two trapping elements within the housing moveable relative to each other, with the trapping elements comprising substantially parallel rods. 16. Apparatus for securing a tissue fold within a patient, comprising: an elongated body;a hollow needle moveable within the elongated body;an anchor assembly passable through the hollow needle and having first and second anchors connected by a suture, with the second anchor having a housing comprising a cylinder and with the suture extending through openings in a cylindrical sidewall of the cylinder; andat least two trapping elements within the housing and moveable relative to each other, and with the trapping elements comprising rods substantially parallel to a longitudinal axis of the cylinder.