Method and apparatus for turbulent combustion of fly ash
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F23J-003/00
D01F-013/00
B29B-017/00
출원번호
US-0917886
(2006-06-16)
등록번호
US-8234986
(2012-08-07)
국제출원번호
PCT/US2006/023380
(2006-06-16)
§371/§102 date
20071217
(20071217)
국제공개번호
WO2006/138501
(2006-12-28)
발명자
/ 주소
Knowles, Jimmy C.
Storm, Richard F.
출원인 / 주소
The Sefa Group, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Warner, Charles L.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
2인용 특허 :
18
초록▼
An apparatus for processing fly ash comprising a heated refractory-lined vessel having a series of spaced angled rows of swirl-inducing nozzles which cause cyclonic and/or turbulent air flow of the fly ash when introduced in the vessel, thus increasing the residence time of airborne particles. Also
An apparatus for processing fly ash comprising a heated refractory-lined vessel having a series of spaced angled rows of swirl-inducing nozzles which cause cyclonic and/or turbulent air flow of the fly ash when introduced in the vessel, thus increasing the residence time of airborne particles. Also disclosed is a method of fly ash beneficiation using the apparatus.
대표청구항▼
1. A method for reducing the carbon content of small particulate combustion products said small particulate combustion products consisting essentially of fly ash or fly ash with chemical residue and/or contaminants, said small particulate combustion products being a product of a previous combustion
1. A method for reducing the carbon content of small particulate combustion products said small particulate combustion products consisting essentially of fly ash or fly ash with chemical residue and/or contaminants, said small particulate combustion products being a product of a previous combustion and containing unburned carbon and incombustible matter, the method comprising: a) introducing a feed of said small particulate combustion products into a swirling and generally upward helical flow within a pneumatic transport solid gas reaction vessel and thereby suspend said small particulate products in a finely-divided, separated state within said flow, said vessel having a top portion, a bottom portion, a side wall between the top portion and the bottom portion, an interior, and an exit, the exit being at the top portion of the vessel, the interior being defined by the top portion, the bottom portion, and the side wall, the interior having an upper section and a lower section and having a substantially uniform cylindrical cross-sectional area between the top portion and the bottom portion, said feed being introduced into an open area in said lower section;b) at least initially heating the interior of said vessel so as to heat said small particulate combustion products;c) introducing at least one of air or another gas into said Vessel through said side wall to create said swirling and generally upward helical flow within said vessel, to prevent said small particulate combustion products from forming a particulate bed within said vessel, and to combust at least some of said unburned carbon in said small particulate combustion products to reduce the carbon content and the particle size of the feed of said small particulate combustion products, the introducing of at least one of air or another gas occurring below said introducing of said feed, substantially all of said reduced carbon content and reduced particle size small particulate combustion products exiting said vessel in a flow through the exit at the top portion of the vessel;d) separating the reduced carbon content and reduced particle size small particulate combustion products from the flow exiting the vessel via the exit at the top of the vessel in a gas-solids separator to provide said reduced carbon content and reduced particle size small particulate combustion products as an output product, said gas-solids separator including a first outlet leading to a processed material collector and a second outlet capable of returning processed material to said vessel;(e) collecting the output product in a product silo for storage or transport, the collected output product having a reduced carbon content and reduced particle size relative to said feed,(f) the suspended flow of small particulate combustion products being heated to a temperature within said vessel which is above (i) the fusion temperature of the fly ash mineral matter, (ii) the fusion temperature of chemical and mineral residues present in the raw feed fly ash, or (iii) the ignition temperature of any residual unburned carbon, and(g) the suspended flow of small particulate combustion products being maintained in the finely-divided, separated state by cooling the suspended flow of small particulate combustion products to a temperature that is less than the ash fusion temperature after step (c) and before step (d). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooling of the suspended flow of small particulate combustion products to a temperature less than the ash fusion temperature includes introducing a liquid near the top portion of the vessel. 3. A method for processing fine particulate matter consisting essentially of fly ash or fly ash with chemical residue and/or contaminants, said fine particulate matter being a product of a previous combustion, containing unburned carbon and incombustible matter, the method comprising: a) introducing a feed of said fine particulate matter into a swirling and generally helical upward flow in the interior of a pneumatic transport solid gas reactor through a side wall of said reactor and thereby suspend said small particulate products in a finely-divided, separated state within said flow, the reactor having a top portion, a bottom portion, said side wall, an interior, and an exit, said side wall being between the top portion and the bottom portion, the exit being at the top portion of the vessel, the interior being defined by the top portion, the bottom portion, and the side wall, the interior having an upper section and a lower section and having a substantially uniform cylindrical cross-sectional area between the top portion and the bottom portion, said feed being introduced into an open area in said lower section;b) heating said fine particulate matter to at temperature which is above (i) the fusion temperature of the fly ash mineral matter, (ii) the fusion temperature of chemical and mineral residuals present in the raw feed fly ash, or (iii) the ignition temperature of any residual unburned carbon after said fine particulate matter is inside the reactor;c) introducing ambient air into said reactor at a high velocity and at a first level through the side wall to create said swirling and generally upward helical flow within said reactor, to prevent said fine particulate matter from forming a particulate bed within said reactor, and to combust at least some of said unburned carbon of said fine particulate matter to reduce the carbon content and the particle size of the feed of said fine particulate matter, the introducing of air at the first level being below the level of the introducing of the feed;d) introducing ambient air into said reactor through said side wall at a second, different level with at least one of an angle, a velocity, or a volume to at least one of enhance said combusting or enhance said swirling and generally helical upward flow, said second level being above the level of the introducing of said feed;e) maintaining the suspended flow of small particulate matter in steps (c) and (d) at a temperature which is above (i) the fusion temperature of the fly ash mineral matter, (ii) the fusion temperature of chemical and mineral residues present in the raw feed fly ash, or (iii) the ignition temperature of any residual unburned carbon;f) maintaining the small particulate matter in the finely-divided, separated state induced by steps a) through d) by introducing a cooling liquid near a top portion of the reactor, above said second level, to cool said particulate matter to a temperature less than the ash fusion temperature prior to said reduced carbon content particulate matter exiting from the reactor through the exit in the top portion of said reactor, substantially all of said reduced carbon content particulate matter exiting said reactor in a flow through said exit; andg) separating reduced carbon content particulate matter from said flow exiting from said reactor through the exit in the top portion of the reactor using a gas-solids separator to provide reduced carbon content particulate matter as an output product, the output product having a reduced carbon content and reduced particle size relative to said feed, said gas-solids separator including a first outlet leading to a processed material collector and a second outlet capable of returning processed material to said vessel. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said introducing air or another gas is at a first level within said vessel, and further comprising additionally injecting at least one of air or another gas into said vessel through said side wall at a second, different level, to enhance at least one of said swirling and generally upward helical flow or said combusting of said unburned carbon. 5. The method of claim 4 and further comprising additionally injecting at least one of air or another gas into said vessel through said side wall at a third, different level to enhance said combusting of said unburned carbon, said third level being above said first level and said second level. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein said introducing air or another gas is at a first level within said vessel, and further comprising additionally injecting at least one of air or another gas into said vessel through said side wall at a second, different level with at least one of an angle, a velocity, or a volume to enhance said swirling and generally upward helical flow. 7. The method of claim 1 and further comprising injecting a liquid near the top portion of the vessel to cool said small particulate combustion products prior to said reduced carbon content small particulate combustion products exiting from the vessel. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising injecting a liquid into said flow after said flow exits from said top portion of said vessel and prior to said separating at least some of the reduced carbon content small particulate combustion products. 9. The method of claim 3 and further comprising injecting a liquid into said flow after said flow exits from said top portion of said reactor and prior to said separating at least some of said reduced carbon content particulate matter from said flow exiting from said reactor. 10. The method of claim 3 and further comprising injecting a liquid into said flow after said flow exits from said top portion of said reactor and prior to said separating at least some of said reduced carbon content particulate matter from said flow exiting from said reactor, and also passing said reduced carbon content particulate matter separated from said flow into a heat exchanger or other cooling device. 11. The method of claim 3 and further comprising introducing at least some of said reduced carbon content particulate matter from said flow back into said reactor to further reduce said carbon content. 12. The method of claim 3 wherein the surface of at least some of said particulate matter has at least one chemical residue thereon, and wherein the temperature of said particulate matter in said reactor is sufficient to remove at least some of said chemical residue. 13. The method of claim 12 and further comprising introducing at least some of said reduced carbon content particulate matter from said flow back into said reactor to further remove at least some of said chemical residue.
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