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A method and apparatus encode a source data stream via convolutional encoding or selected encoding scheme. Plural encoded data streams are interleaved and transmitted on a transmission channel. Data groups generated via convolutional or selected encoding are interleaved via time-interleaving functio

A method and apparatus encode a source data stream via convolutional encoding or selected encoding scheme. Plural encoded data streams are interleaved and transmitted on a transmission channel. Data groups generated via convolutional or selected encoding are interleaved via time-interleaving functions to disperse selected bits within puncture groups of the data groups, bits in between data groups, and bits in selected sets of data groups to facilitate reconstruction of the source data stream from at least a portion of the interleaved data stream received on at least one transmission channel. The time-interleaving functions are selected to facilitate reconstruction of the source data stream from one transmission channel following continuous blockage. Subsets of bits of puncture groups are selected to allow reconstruction of the source data stream from more than one of plural transmission channels using a minimum number of subsets. Multiple combinations of subsets can be received on both transmission channels to reconstruct the source data stream following blockage of one channel. Decoding is performed via a Viterbi decoder.

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1. A method of deinterleaving an interleaved data stream transmitted on a transmission channel comprising the steps of: receiving said interleaved data stream;synchronizing said interleaved data stream; anddecoding said interleaved data stream to generate a decoded data stream using convolutional de

1. A method of deinterleaving an interleaved data stream transmitted on a transmission channel comprising the steps of: receiving said interleaved data stream;synchronizing said interleaved data stream; anddecoding said interleaved data stream to generate a decoded data stream using convolutional decoding corresponding to convolutional encoding having a selected code rate and performed on the interleaved data stream prior to transmission, said interleaved data stream comprising bits from a source data stream having been encoded via said convolutional encoding to generate a plurality of data groups having a higher code rate than said selected code rate, said data groups being interleaved via a plurality of time-interleaving functions selected to disperse different groups of said bits selected from the group consisting of said bits in one of said higher rate data groups, said bits in adjacent said data groups, and said bits in selected sets of said data groups to facilitate reconstruction of said source data stream from at least a portion of said interleaved data stream received via said transmission channel, said convolutional decoding reconstructing said source data stream using said interleaved data stream and selected sequences of bits relating to said convolutional encoding and said time-interleaving functions. 2. A method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising puncturing said data groups to generate a plurality of channel data groups corresponding to respective transmission channels used to transmit the same source data for diversity purposes, wherein each of said punctured data groups comprises subsets of said bits in said channel data groups that are selected such that multiple combinations of said subsets can be received on both of the interleaved said transmission channels and allow reconstruction of said source data stream therefrom following blockage of one of said transmission channels. 3. A method of deinterleaving an interleaved data stream transmitted on a transmission channel comprising the steps of: receiving said interleaved data stream;synchronizing said interleaved data stream; anddecoding said interleaved data stream to generate a decoded data stream using a decoding scheme corresponding to a selected encoding scheme performed on the interleaved data stream prior to transmission, said interleaved data stream comprising bits from a source data stream having been encoded via said selected encoding scheme to generate a first transmission group and a second transmission group that each have the same bits from the source data stream, said first transmission group and said second transmission group being interleaved via interleaving functions selected to maximize recovery of said source data stream from at least one of said first transmission group and said second transmission group when said bits are dropped from said interleaved stream during transmission, said decoding scheme reconstructing said source data stream using said interleaved data stream and selected sequences of bits relating to said encoding scheme and said interleaving functions. 4. A method of preparing a source data stream for transmission comprising the steps of: encoding said source data stream to generate an output data stream using a convolutional coding scheme having a selected code rate, said output data stream having series of data groups, each of said data groups comprising a plurality of punctured data groups, each of said punctured data groups having a higher code rate with respect to said selected code rate;interleaving said data groups in accordance with a plurality of time-interleaving functions to disperse bits in said data groups within said output data stream and generate an interleaved data stream; andtransmitting said interleaved data stream on at least one transmission channel, said plurality of time-interleaving functions being selected to disperse at least two different groups of bits in said output data stream selected from the group consisting of said bits in one of said punctured data groups, said bits in adjacent said data groups, and said bits in selected sets of said data groups to selected locations in said interleaved data stream to facilitate reconstruction of said source data stream from at least a portion of said interleaved data stream received via said at least one transmission channel. 5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said plurality of time-interleaving functions are selected to facilitate reconstruction of said source data stream from at least a portion of said interleaved data stream following a continuous blockage of said at least one transmission channel for a time interval comprising a selected number of seconds. 6. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein each of said punctured data groups comprises subsets of said bits in said data groups, said subsets of bits being selected such that only a minimum number of said subsets are required to reconstruct said source data stream from said at least one transmission channel. 7. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said at least one transmission channel is transmitted via one of a satellite and a radio terrestrial transmitter. 8. A method as claimed in claim 4, further comprising the step of decoding said interleaved data stream using said selected code rate. 9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein said decoding is performed using convolutional decoding. 10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said convolutional decoding is performed using a Viterbi decoder. 11. A method as claimed in claim 10, wherein said plurality of time-interleaving functions are selected to optimize error correction during said Viterbi decoding. 12. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein said plurality of time-interleaving functions can vary during transmission of interleaved data stream. 13. An apparatus for preparing a data stream for transmission comprising: a convolutional encoder for encoding said data stream to generate an output data stream having a selected code rate, said output data stream having a series of data groups, each of said data groups comprising a plurality of punctured data groups, each of said punctured data groups having a higher code rate with respect to said selected code rate;an interleaver for interleaving said data groups in accordance with a plurality of time-interleaving functions to disperse said bits in said data groups within said output data stream and generate an interleaved data stream; anda transmitter for transmitting said interleaved data stream on a transmission channel, said plurality of time-interleaving functions being selected to disperse at least two different groups of bits in said output data stream selected from the group consisting of said bits in one of said punctured data groups, said bits in adjacent said data groups, and said bits in selected sets of said data groups to selected locations in said interleaved data stream to facilitate reconstruction of said source data stream from at least a portion of said interleaved data stream received via said transmission channel. 14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said plurality of time-interleaving functions are selected to facilitate reconstruction of said source data stream from at least a portion of said interleaved data stream received on said transmission channel following a continuous blockage of said transmission channel for a time interval comprising a selected number of seconds. 15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said transmitter is provided in one of a satellite, a radio terrestrial transmitter, and a satellite broadcast station. 16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein said plurality of time-interleaving functions can vary during transmission of interleaved data stream. 17. A method of preparing a source data stream for transmission comprising the steps of: encoding said source data stream to generate an output data stream using a convolutional coding scheme having a selected code rate, said output data stream being characterized as a series of data groups and having time division multiplexed frames of selected duration;interleaving said data groups in accordance with a plurality of time-interleaving functions to disperse said bits in said data groups within said output data stream and generate an interleaved data stream; andtransmitting said interleaved data stream on at least one transmission channel, said plurality of time-interleaving functions comprising at least first and second time-interleaving functions to disperse bits in each said data group within one of said frames and over a number of said frames, respectively, the first time-interleaving function being at least one of a time-interleaving function for shifting bits in each said data group with respect to other bits in said data group, a time-interleaving function for shifting bits in each said data group with respect to an adjacent said data group, and a time-interleaving function for shifting bits in each said data group with respect to selected sets of said data groups to facilitate reconstruction of said source data stream from at least a portion of said interleaved data stream received said transmission channel, and the second time-interleaving function shifting bits in each said data group over a number of said frames to disperse the bits in said interleaved data stream for outage protection. 18. A method as claimed in claim 17, further comprising dividing bits in each of the data groups into a plurality of channel data groups corresponding to respective transmission channels used to transmit the same source data for diversity purposes to provide each of said data groups with multiple combinations of subsets of bits among its channel data groups to minimize the number of the subsets needed from more than one of the transmission channels to reconstruct the source data stream. 19. A method as claimed in claim 17, further comprising puncturing said data groups to generate a plurality of channel data groups corresponding to respective transmission channels used to transmit the same source data for diversity purposes, wherein each of said punctured data groups comprises subsets of said bits in said channel data groups that are selected such that only a minimum number of said subsets are required to reconstruct said source data stream from more than one of said transmission channels.