Vortex combustor for low NOX emissions when burning lean premixed high hydrogen content fuel
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
F02C-003/28
F23R-003/18
F23R-003/20
출원번호
US-0570935
(2009-09-30)
등록번호
US-8312725
(2012-11-20)
발명자
/ 주소
Steele, Robert C.
Edmonds, Ryan G.
Williams, Joseph T.
Baldwin, Stephen P.
출원인 / 주소
Ramgen Power Systems, LLC
대리인 / 주소
Googloe, Jr., R. Reams
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
52
초록▼
A trapped vortex combustor. The trapped vortex combustor is configured for receiving a lean premixed gaseous fuel and oxidant stream, where the fuel includes hydrogen gas. The trapped vortex combustor is configured to receive the lean premixed fuel and oxidant stream at a velocity which significantl
A trapped vortex combustor. The trapped vortex combustor is configured for receiving a lean premixed gaseous fuel and oxidant stream, where the fuel includes hydrogen gas. The trapped vortex combustor is configured to receive the lean premixed fuel and oxidant stream at a velocity which significantly exceeds combustion flame speed in a selected lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture. The combustor is configured to operate at relatively high bulk fluid velocities while maintaining stable combustion, and low NOx emissions. The combustor is useful in gas turbines in a process of burning synfuels, as it offers the opportunity to avoid use of diluent gas to reduce combustion temperatures. The combustor also offers the possibility of avoiding the use of selected catalytic reaction units for removal of oxides of nitrogen from combustion gases exiting a gas turbine.
대표청구항▼
1. An integrated power generation and fuel synthesis process, comprising: (a) providing a fuel synthesis unit to process a feedstock to produce a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen;(b) providing a gas turbine engine and an electrical generator, the gas turbine engine coupled to the electrical generat
1. An integrated power generation and fuel synthesis process, comprising: (a) providing a fuel synthesis unit to process a feedstock to produce a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen;(b) providing a gas turbine engine and an electrical generator, the gas turbine engine coupled to the electrical generator for generating electrical power, the gas turbine engine comprising (i) a compressor;(ii) a trapped vortex combustor, said trapped vortex combustor sized and shapedfor receiving (A) the synthesis gas and (B) a compressed oxidant stream,for mixing the synthesis gas and the compressed oxidant to form a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture comprising a stoichiometric excess of oxidant,for feeding the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture to the trapped vortex combustor at a bulk fluid velocity in excess of a speed of a flame front in said premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, and(iii) a turbine;(c) compressing an oxidant in the compressor to produce a compressed oxidant stream, and supplying the compressed oxidant stream to the trapped vortex combustor;(d) mixing the synthesis gas with the compressed oxidant stream to form a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture;(e) feeding the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture to the trapped vortex combustor in a bulk fluid flow direction at a bulk fluid velocity in excess of the speed of a flame front in the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, wherein the bulk fluid velocity of the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flows to said trapped vortex combustor is at least 105 meters per second, and wherein an additional flow of synthesis gas is injected into said trapped vortex combustor as a vortex stabilization jet;(f) combusting the fuel in the trapped vortex combustor, to create a hot combustion gas exhaust stream; and(g) expanding the hot combustion gas exhaust stream in the turbine to produce shaft power, said shaft power turning the electrical generator to produce electrical power. 2. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said fuel synthesis unit comprises a gasification unit. 3. The process as set forth in claim 2, wherein gasification unit produces said synthesis gas from a carbonaceous feedstock. 4. The process as set forth in claim 3, wherein said carbonaceous feedstock comprises coal. 5. The process as set forth in claim 3, wherein said carbonaceous feedstock comprises coke. 6. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said trapped vortex combustor defines a cavity between a first bluff body and a second bluff body with respect to a base therebetween, and wherein combusting the synthesis gas occurs at least in part in a stabilized vortex of mixed oxidant and burning synthesis gas contained in the cavity between said first bluff body and said second bluff body. 7. The process as set forth in claim 6, wherein said first bluff body comprises a rear wall, and said second bluff body comprises a front wall, and wherein between said rear wall and said front wall and adjacent at least a portion of the base, at least a portion of the stabilized vortex of mixing and burning gas moves in the bulk fluid flow direction. 8. The process as set forth in claim 7, wherein between said rear wall of said first bluff body and said front wall of said second bluff body and adjacent at least a portion of the base, at least a portion of the stabilized vortex of mixing and burning gas moves opposite to the bulk fluid flow direction. 9. The process as set forth in claim 6, wherein said trapped vortex combustor comprises one or more struts. 10. The process as set forth in claim 9, wherein said one or more struts extend outwardly from said first bluff body. 11. The process as set forth in claim 6, wherein the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flows to said trapped vortex combustor at a velocity in the range of from about 105 meters per second to about 150 meters per second. 12. The process as set forth in claim 6, further comprising feeding the lean premixed gaseous fuel to said trapped vortex combustor at a velocity of at least a factor of 3 greater than the flame speed of turbulent combustion in said lean premixed gaseous fuel. 13. The process as set forth in claim 6, wherein said second bluff body further comprises one or more vortex stabilization jets, and wherein said process further comprises injecting a gaseous stream into said cavity through one or more of said one or more vortex stabilization jets in a direction tending to stabilize the vortex in the cavity between the first bluff body and the second bluff body. 14. The process as set forth in claim 13, wherein said second bluff body is coupled to a source of fuel, and wherein the process of injection a gaseous stream into said cavity comprises injecting a stream comprising a fuel or an oxidant through one or more of said one or more vortex stabilization jets. 15. The process as set forth in claim 13, wherein said second bluff body is coupled to a source for a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, and wherein said process comprises injecting a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture into the cavity between the first bluff body and the second bluff body through at least one of said one or more vortex stabilization jets. 16. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 15 mole percent hydrogen gas. 17. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 25 mole percent hydrogen gas. 18. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 30 mole percent hydrogen gas. 19. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 50 mole percent hydrogen gas. 20. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises at least 65 mole percent hydrogen gas. 21. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises 75 mole percent or more hydrogen gas. 22. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said synthesis gas comprises about 100 mole percent hydrogen gas. 23. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said trapped vortex combustor is sized and shaped for operation with a syngas fuel comprising hydrogen in the range of from about 15 mole percent to about 100 mole percent. 24. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said compressed oxidant stream further comprises an inert working gas, and wherein said inert working gas comprises one or more gases selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, steam, and carbon dioxide. 25. The process as set forth in claim 1, wherein said trapped vortex combustor operates without diluent gas addition. 26. An integrated power generation and fuel synthesis process, comprising: (a) providing a fuel synthesis unit to process a feedstock to produce a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen;(b) providing a gas turbine engine and an electrical generator, the gas turbine engine coupled to the electrical generator for generating electrical power, the gas turbine engine comprising (i) a compressor;(ii) a trapped vortex combustor, said trapped vortex combustor sized and shapedfor receiving (A) the synthesis gas and (B) a compressed oxidant stream,for mixing the synthesis gas and the compressed oxidant to form a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture comprising a stoichiometric excess of oxidant,for feeding the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture to the trapped vortex combustor at a bulk fluid velocity in excess of a speed of a flame front in said premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, and(iii) a turbine;(c) compressing an oxidant in the compressor to produce a compressed oxidant stream, and supplying the compressed oxidant stream to the trapped vortex combustor;(d) mixing the synthesis gas with the compressed oxidant stream to form a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture;(e) feeding the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture to the trapped vortex combustor in a bulk fluid flow direction at a bulk fluid velocity in excess of the speed of a flame front in the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, wherein lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flows to said trapped vortex combustor without diluent gas addition, wherein the bulk fluid velocity of the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flows to said trapped vortex combustor is at least 105 meters per second, and wherein and additional flow of synthesis gas is injected into said trapped vortex combustor as a vortex stabilization jet;(f) combusting the fuel in the trapped vortex combustor, to create a hot combustion gas exhaust stream; and(g) expanding the hot combustion gas exhaust stream in the turbine to produce shaft power, said shaft power turning the electrical generator to produce electrical power. 27. An integrated power generation and fuel synthesis process, comprising: (a) providing a fuel synthesis unit to process a feedstock to produce a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen;(b) providing a gas turbine engine and an electrical generator, the gas turbine engine coupled to the electrical generator for generating electrical power, the gas turbine engine comprising (i) a compressor;(ii) a trapped vortex combustor, said trapped vortex combustor sized and shapedfor receiving (A) the synthesis gas and (B) a compressed oxidant stream,for mixing the synthesis gas and the compressed oxidant to form a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture comprising a stoichiometric excess of oxidant,for feeding the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture to the trapped vortex combustor at a bulk fluid velocity in excess of a speed of a flame front in said premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, and(iii) a turbine;(c) compressing an oxidant in the compressor to produce a compressed oxidant stream, and supplying the compressed oxidant stream to the trapped vortex combustor;(d) mixing the synthesis gas with the compressed oxidant stream to form a lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture;(e) feeding the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture to the trapped vortex combustor in a bulk fluid flow direction at a bulk fluid velocity in excess of the speed of a flame front in the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture, wherein the lean premixed gaseous fuel is fed to said trapped vortex combustor at a bulk fluid velocity of at least a factor of 3 greater than the flame speed of turbulent combustion in a lean premix fuel comprising significant amounts of hydrogen, wherein the bulk fluid velocity of the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flows to said trapped vortex combustor is at least 105 meters per second, and wherein an additional flow of synthesis gas is injected into said trapped vortex combustor as a vortex stabilization jet;(f) combusting the fuel in the trapped vortex combustor, to create a hot combustion gas exhaust stream; and(g) expanding the hot combustion gas exhaust stream in the turbine to produce shaft power, said shaft power turning the electrical generator to produce electrical power. 28. The process as set forth in claim 26, or in claim 27, wherein the lean premixed fuel and oxidant mixture flows to said trapped vortex combustor at a velocity in the range of from about 105 meters per second to about 150 meters per second. 29. The process as set forth in claim 26, further comprising feeding the lean premixed gaseous fuel to said trapped vortex combustor at a bulk fluid velocity of at least a factor of 3 greater than the flame speed of turbulent combustion in said lean premixed gaseous fuel. 30. The process as set forth in claim 27, wherein said trapped vortex combustor operates without diluent gas addition.
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이 특허에 인용된 특허 (52)
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