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An infusion system in which therapeutic substance from a reservoir is pumped by a bolus pump to an infusion port is disclosed. The therapeutic substance delivered by the bolus pump passes first through a passive check valve located downstream from the pump. The passive check valve opens in response

An infusion system in which therapeutic substance from a reservoir is pumped by a bolus pump to an infusion port is disclosed. The therapeutic substance delivered by the bolus pump passes first through a passive check valve located downstream from the pump. The passive check valve opens in response to fluid pressure of the therapeutic substance. After passing through the passive check valve, the therapeutic substance passes through an active check valve located downstream from the passive check if the active check valve is actuated such that it is open. When not activated, the active check valve is closed and fluid flow through the active check valve in the downstream direction is prevented.

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1. An implantable therapeutic substance infusion device comprising: a therapeutic substance reservoir;control electronics operably connected to a power source;a bolus pump operably connected to the power source and the control electronics, the bolus pump further operably connected to the reservoir a

1. An implantable therapeutic substance infusion device comprising: a therapeutic substance reservoir;control electronics operably connected to a power source;a bolus pump operably connected to the power source and the control electronics, the bolus pump further operably connected to the reservoir and configured to pump a therapeutic substance from the therapeutic substance reservoir in a downstream direction from the bolus pump to an infusion port in response to a pump signal received from the control electronics;a passive check valve located in a fluid pathway between the infusion port and the bolus pump, the passive check valve comprising a normally closed valve that opens in response to fluidic pressure generated by operation of the bolus pump; andan active check valve located in the fluid pathway between the passive check valve and the infusion port, wherein the active check valve comprises a normally closed valve that opens inresponse to an open signal from the control electronics, wherein fluid pressure on an upstream side of the active check valve increases the energy required to open the active check valve, and wherein fluid flow in the downstream direction through the active check valve is prevented when the active check valve is closed. 2. A device according to claim 1, wherein the fluid pathway comprises an upstream direction from the infusion port to the bolus pump, and wherein the passive check valve closes in response to fluid flow in the upstream direction. 3. A device according to claim 1, wherein the active check valve comprises a solenoid check valve. 4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the solenoid check valve comprises one or more fluid passages formed therethrough. 5. A device according to claim 4, wherein the one or more fluid passages comprises a bore formed through at least a portion of an actuator of the solenoid check valve. 6. A device according to claim 1, wherein the passive check valve comprises a cracking pressure higher than a reservoir pressure of the therapeutic substance in the reservoir. 7. A device according to claim 1, wherein the passive check valve is integral with the bolus pump. 8. A device according to claim 1, wherein the bolus pump comprises a solenoid-activated piston pump. 9. A device according to claim 1, further comprising an implantable biocompatible housing, wherein the power source, control electronics, bolus pump, passive check valve, and active check valve are contained within the housing. 10. An implantable therapeutic substance infusion device comprising: a therapeutic substance reservoir;control electronics operably connected to a power source;a bolus pump operably connected to the power source and the control electronics, the bolus pump further operably connected to the reservoir and configured to pump a therapeutic substance from the therapeutic substance reservoir in a downstream direction from the bolus pump to an infusion port in response to a pump signal received from the control electronics;a passive check valve located in a fluid pathway between the infusion port and the bolus pump, the passive check valve comprising a normally closed valve that opens in response to fluidic pressure generated by operation of the bolus pump;a solenoid check valve located in the fluid pathway between the passive check valve and the infusion port, the solenoid check valve comprising a normally closed valve that opens in response to an open signal from the control electronics, wherein fluid flow in the downstream direction through the solenoid check valve is prevented when the solenoid check valve is closed, and wherein fluid pressure on an upstream side of the solenoid check valve increases the energy required to open the solenoid check valve; andan implantable biocompatible housing, wherein the power source, control electronics, bolus pump, passive check valve, and solenoid check valve are contained within the housing. 11. An implantable therapeutic substance infusion device comprising: a therapeutic substance reservoir;control electronics operably connected to a power source;a bolus pump operably connected to the power source and the control electronics, the bolus pump further operably connected to the reservoir and configured to pump a therapeutic substance from the therapeutic substance reservoir in a downstream direction from the bolus pump to an infusion port in response to a pump signal received from the control electronics;a passive check valve located in a fluid pathway between the infusion port and the bolus pump, the passive check valve comprising a normally closed valve that opens in response to fluidic pressure generated by operation of the bolus pump, wherein the fluid pathway comprises an upstream direction from the infusion port to the bolus pump, and wherein the passive check valve closes in response to fluid flow in the upstream direction; andan active check valve located in the fluid pathway between the passive check valve and the infusion port, wherein the active check valve comprises a normally closed valve that opens in response to an open signal from the control electronics, wherein fluid flow in the downstream direction through the active check valve is prevented when the active check valve is closed, and wherein fluid pressure on an upstream side of the active check valve increases the energy required to open the active check valve. 12. A device according to claim 11, wherein the active check valve comprises a solenoid check valve comprising one or more fluid passages formed through at least a portion of an actuator of the solenoid check valve. 13. A device according to claim 11, wherein the passive check valve comprises a cracking pressure higher than a reservoir pressure of the therapeutic substance in the reservoir. 14. A device according to claim 11, wherein the passive check valve is integral with the bolus pump. 15. A device according to claim 11, wherein the bolus pump comprises a solenoid-activated piston pump. 16. A device according to claim 11, the device further comprising an implantable biocompatible housing, wherein the power source, control electronics, bolus pump, passive check valve, and active check valve are contained within the housing. 17. An implantable therapeutic substance infusion device comprising: a therapeutic substance reservoir;control electronics operably connected to a power source;a bolus pump operably connected to the power source and the control electronics, the bolus pump further operably connected to the reservoir and configured to pump a therapeutic substance from the therapeutic substance reservoir in a downstream direction from the bolus pump to an infusion port in response to a pump signal received from the control electronics;a passive check valve located in a fluid pathway between the infusion port and the bolus pump, the passive check valve comprising a normally closed valve that opens in response to fluidic pressure generated by operation of the bolus pump, wherein the fluid pathway comprises an upstream direction from the infusion port to the bolus pump, wherein the passive check valve closes in response to fluid flow in the upstream direction, and wherein the passive check valve comprises a cracking pressure higher than a reservoir pressure of the therapeutic substance in the reservoir; andan active check valve located in the fluid pathway between the passive check valve and the infusion port, wherein the active check valve comprises a normally closed valve that opens inresponse to an open signal from the control electronics, wherein fluid pressure on an upstream side of the active check valve increases the energy required to open the active check valve, and wherein fluid flow in the downstream direction through the active check valve is prevented when the active check valve is closed. 18. A device according to claim 17, wherein the active check valve comprises a solenoid check valve comprising one or more fluid passages formed through at least a portion of an actuator of the solenoid check valve. 19. A device according to claim 17, wherein the passive check valve is integral with the bolus pump. 20. A device according to claim 17, wherein the bolus pump comprises a solenoid-activated piston pump. 21. A device according to claim 17, the device further comprising an implantable biocompatible housing, wherein the power source, control electronics, bolus pump, passive check valve, and active check valve are contained within the housing.