IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0584999
(2006-10-23)
|
등록번호 |
US-8323577
(2012-12-04)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Kapur, Vivek
- Trentacosta, Joseph D.
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- E I du Pont de Nemours and Company
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
5 인용 특허 :
9 |
초록
▼
A layered adaptive membrane structure that has movable membranes is provided. The structure can change its gas, liquid and/or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Applications include protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protect
A layered adaptive membrane structure that has movable membranes is provided. The structure can change its gas, liquid and/or particulate permeability in response to surrounding environmental conditions. Applications include protective apparel that is comfortable to wear wherein the level of protection provided is based on conditions in the environment. Hence, the protective apparel is highly breathable and comfortable in a non-hazardous environment but impermeable or only semipermeable in a hazardous environment.
대표청구항
▼
1. An adaptive membrane structure comprising first and second membranes wherein each of the first and second membranes has holes, a third membrane substantially free of holes interposed between the first and second membranes, and means to respond to an actuating stimulus that moves the first and sec
1. An adaptive membrane structure comprising first and second membranes wherein each of the first and second membranes has holes, a third membrane substantially free of holes interposed between the first and second membranes, and means to respond to an actuating stimulus that moves the first and second membranes into contact with the third membrane; wherein the permeability of the first and second membranes to gas, vapor, liquid and/or particulates is greater than that of the third membrane. 2. The structure of claim 1 wherein the holes of the first membrane are substantially out of registration, or are out of registration, with the holes of the second membrane. 3. The structure of claim 1 wherein one or both of said first and second membranes have an electrically conductive coating on a surface thereof, wherein the conductive coating is optionally applied in a pattern that covers selected areas of a membrane's surface and wherein the conductive coating is itself optionally coated with one or more layers of dielectric material. 4. The structure of claim 1 wherein each of the first and second membrane has holes, and the structure further comprises one or more spacers between the membranes wherein no spacer blocks a hole. 5. The structure of claim 1 further comprising a sensor that detects a change in the temperature, humidity, or concentration of a selected chemical, biological or particulate species in the environment in which the structure is located. 6. The structure of claim 1 wherein the sensor activates the actuating stimulus. 7. The structure of claim 1, which is impermeable to a selected human pathogen or toxin in its actuated state. 8. The structure of claim 1, which is permeable to water, vapor in its actuated state. 9. The structure of claim 1 wherein at least one membrane comprises at least one polymer. 10. The structure of claim 1 wherein at least one membrane comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, high surface silica, molecular sieves, xerogels, ion exchange materials, powdered metal oxides, powdered metal hydroxides, and antimicrobial agents. 11. An article of manufacture comprising the adaptive membrane structure of claim 1. 12. The article of manufacture of claim 11 which is selected from the group consisting of apparel, enclosures, sensor devices, and valves for controlling the flow of gas, vapor, liquid and/or particulates. 13. The article of claim 12 which is selected from the group consisting of protective suits, protective coverings, hats, hoods, masks, gowns, coats, jackets, shirts, trousers, pants, gloves, boots, shoes socks, raingear, medical and surgical garments, tents, tarpaulins, safe rooms, clean rooms, greenhouses, dwellings, office buildings, storage containers and controlled release devices. 14. The adaptive membrane structure of claim 1 which comprises a low permeability membrane interposed between two high permeability membrane wherein kLPM/tLPM≧10kHPM1/tHPM1 and kLPM/tLPM≧10kHPM2/tHPM2 wherein kLPM is the permeability of the material from which the third membrane is made,kHPM1 is the permeability of the material from which the first membrane is made,kHPM2 is the permeability of the material from which the second membrane is made,tLPM is the thickness of the third membrane,tHPM1 is the thickness of the first membrane, andtHPM2 is the thickness of the second membrane.
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