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Systems, methods and processes teach by specific examples how the cost of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) can be totally offset and turned into profits during coal powered electricity generation from revenue and co-benefits. The process is provided whereby fly ash-carbon mixtures, or de-volatilize

Systems, methods and processes teach by specific examples how the cost of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) can be totally offset and turned into profits during coal powered electricity generation from revenue and co-benefits. The process is provided whereby fly ash-carbon mixtures, or de-volatilized coal char, or anthracite coal culm is co-fired in an air-cooled, slagging combustor with limestone or similar slag fluxing materials converts the ash into cementitious slag with properties similar to ground granulated blast furnace slag.

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1. A method by which a cost of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) is totally offset and turned into profits during coal powered electricity generation from revenue and co-benefits by using an air-cooled, slagging combustor that is fired fly ash-carbon mixtures, or de-volatilized coal char, or anthrac

1. A method by which a cost of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO2) is totally offset and turned into profits during coal powered electricity generation from revenue and co-benefits by using an air-cooled, slagging combustor that is fired fly ash-carbon mixtures, or de-volatilized coal char, or anthracite coal culm and is co-fired in an air-cooled, slagging combustor with limestone or slag fluxing materials to convert ash into cementitious slag with properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag while achieving combustion efficiencies in about a 90% range. 2. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the cementitious slag partly or totally replaces Portland cement production, and avoided carbon dioxide emission from Portland cement kilns is credited to the air-cooled, slagging combustor operation. 3. The method wherein the cementitious slag produced in accordance with claim 1 is processed in stand-alone power plants comprising air-cooled slagging combustor-boilers placed adjacent to central station coal power plants in order to process all the ash generated by the power plant. 4. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide in combustion gas exhaust is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid, which is compressed and injected into underground limestone formations below potable water depths for permanent sequestration as calcium bicarbonate. 5. The method in accordance with claim 4 that is implemented in power plants comprising air-cooled slagging combustor-boilers that are placed near underground limestone formations to eliminate a need to transport gaseous or liquid carbon dioxide to limestone sequestration sites. 6. The method, wherein the cementitious slag produced in accordance with claim 1 is implemented in slagging combustor-boiler power plants that are erected on Ocean islands, and carbon dioxide from the combustion gases is converted into calcium bi-carbonate emulsions for injection into the Ocean and the cementitious slag is used for seawall construction off the island's shore. 7. The method for producing hydraulic cementitious slag from anthracite culm or coal mine waste in accordance with claim 1 for constructing sea walls to protect shorelines from rising seas, storms, and contamination from oil spills in Oceans. 8. The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein anthracite culm or coal mine waste located on or beneath a surface or in active or abandoned mine sites is used in air-cooled slagging combustor power plants erected at the mine or at locations having underground limestone or underground saline formations for carbon dioxide sequestration, and including co-production of the cementitious slag and electricity. 9. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein emissions of NOx, SO2, hazardous trace metals in coal or coal ash, dioxins and furans, are controlled in the air-cooled slagging combustor and in post-combustion zones upstream of where amines or ammonia are injected to separate carbon dioxide from the exhaust gases, or where physical separation of CO2 from the combustion gas exhaust takes place. 10. The method whereby mountaintop mining is implemented by digging vertical pits from a mountain top to coal seams, and combining a mineral part of overburden including at least one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, with at least 25% of the extracted coal for combustion in air cooled slagging combustor boilers in order to convert the mixture into cementitious slag in accordance with claim 1. 11. The method in accordance with claim 10, wherein disfiguring mountaintop mining and discharging mined solid or liquid waste down the mountain is eliminated by drilling vertical pits of diameter sufficient to lower remote controlled mining machinery to extract the coal horizontally from the coal seams in a manner similar to radial horizontal underground oil or gas extraction. 12. The method wherein new power plants or existing coal power plants retrofitted to perform the process in accordance with claim 1, utilize a revenue stream generated from co-benefits due to sale of the cementitious slag, the sale of avoided CO2 emissions rights arising from replacing Portland cement production, and from electricity sales, and the sale of carbon dioxide sequestration credits offset the power plant's capital and operating costs. 13. The method for operating fossil fuel fired power plants in accordance with claim 12 with near total emission controls and near total carbon dioxide sequestration and co-benefits, with annual electric power capacity factors of 70% or higher, and sell electricity without any government subsidies at prices below government subsidized renewable electricity including at least one of wind and solar power that must be combined with carbon dioxide emitting fossil fuel fired power plants or nuclear power plants to achieve 70% of more annual capacity factor. 14. The method wherein refuse derived fuel from municipal waste or its char or shredded waste paper is co-fired at mass flow rates of 20% or less with coal char, or coal culm or carbon content fly ash in an air-cooled slagging combustor under conditions in accordance with claim 1 for near total emission control and CO2 sequestration, and nearly cutting in half a heat rate achievable in mass burn municipal incinerators. 15. The method wherein refuse derived fuel is gasified indirectly in shell and tube heat exchangers for conversion to hydrogen or methane with remaining char co-fired in the air-cooled slagging combustor in accordance with claim 1. 16. The method wherein hydrogen or methane produced in accordance with claim 15 is used as a primary or major auxiliary fuel in municipal mass burning incinerators in place of bulk waste combustion in order to almost double an incinerator's capacity factor. 17. The method of operating coal power plants in accordance with claim 1 and producing sufficient revenue to offset costs associated with achieving near zero emissions to air, land and water from coal fired combustion. 18. The method to extend an operating life of existing coal fired power plants by operating the existing coal fired power plants in accordance with claim 1 after retrofitting the existing coal fired power plants with the air-cooled, slagging cyclone combustors and its associated emission controls. 19. The method of increasing domestic manufacturing and associated jobs by retrofitting existing or new coal fired boilers with the air-cooled slagging combustors and operating the air-cooled slagging combustors in accordance with claim 1 at near 100% capacity factors in order to reduce electricity costs below all government subsidized power. 20. The method for reducing operating cost of electric furnaces for metals production by using coal fired electric power in accordance with claim 1 and co-producing the cementitious slag, and sequestering carbon dioxide, and installing metals or metal ore manufacturing facilities at or near metal ore or coalmines or carbon dioxide sequestration locations. 21. The method for reducing the municipal waste disposal costs and increasing waste furnace thermal efficiency and reducing environmental impact of the waste by physically separating non-combustible waste and shipping it to a landfill or using it, and converting all combustible matter to refuse derived fuel and co-firing it with about 80% coal or coal waste in an air-cooled slagging combustor in accordance with claim 1. 22. The method wherein disposal of organic content in municipal waste in accordance with claim 21 has a minimal increase on carbon dioxide equivalent emissions compared to landfill disposal because methane emitted from the landfill has about a two dozen times more carbon dioxide equivalent emissions than an equal weight of carbon dioxide. 23. The process wherein hydrogen produced from coal volatile matter is used for reduction of metal oxides to metals, including iron and aluminum and all other metals suitable for hydrogen reduction, at least at one of coal mine sites and above suitable carbon dioxide sequestration geologic formations, including those sites with geological limestone and where the devolatilized coal solids, if any are used as in claim 1. 24. The method wherein hydrogen produced from coal volatile matter in accordance with claim 23 is injected in a post-combustion zone of coal char, or culm, or carbon-fly ash, or solid waste fuel boiler to reduce at least nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. 25. The method wherein coal power plants comprising air-cooled slagging combustor attached to boilers in accordance with claim 1 are erected at or near sub-bituminous or lignite coalmines in Montana, Wyoming, North and South Dakota, have their carbon dioxide exhaust dissolved in water to form carbonic acid and injected into Madison limestone formations that underlie said States, and have their electricity output transmitted to industrial and/or population centers. 26. The method in accordance with claim 25 is implemented in areas that have similar coal and limestone formations. 27. The method where the revenue obtained from power plants erected in accordance with claim 25 near Butte, Mont. to rehabilitate a copper mine pit therein, or abandoned mines by removing and cleaning its accumulated water, recovering any residual copper or other ore, and filling the pit with fresh earth. 28. The method wherein carbon dioxide produced during fossil fuel combustion in accordance with claim 1 is chemically bound to processed serpentinite for carbon dioxide sequestration primarily in regions that are in close proximity to serpentinite geologic formations and can be mined more economically in comparison to other sequestration processes. 29. The method wherein carbon dioxide is liquefied to pressures of about 3500 psi for fracking in underground shale formations to release natural gas trapped in the shale formations, and following surface recovery of the carbon dioxide and natural gas and separation from each other, the carbon dioxide is re-pressurized above 3500 psi, mixed with water to form carbonic acid and re-injected into limestone formations at greater depth than the shale formation for sequestration as calcium bi-carbonate in accordance with claim 4. 30. The method wherein acidified rivers, streams, lakes and water wells that were a result of previous mining of coal or gas or oil, are neutralized with the excess limestone that remains after being used for fluxing coal ash in slagging combustors, removing SO2, removing coal ash trace metals, removing chemicals from combustion products, and preparing emulsions for CO2 sequestration in accordance with claim 4. 31. The method wherein CO2 that is generating in accordance with the steps of claim 1 is injected for sequestration into depleted oil or gas wells continues until a total volume of liquid CO2 injected fills a void left after oil or gas was previously removed from the wells, and following complete filling of the void, any oil or gas that is subsequently extracted due to the injection of additional liquid carbon dioxide for use in combustion systems, wherein resultant emissions of carbon dioxide will be charged to an owner, seller, or user of the combusted oil or gas. 32. The method in accordance with claim 1 wherein combustion occurs at stoichiometric ratios in excess of unity and close to unity to consume all the carbon in the fuel to CO2 to achieve white slag. 33. The method in accordance with claim 9 wherein NOx is removed downstream of the slagging combustor exhaust using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) or Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) with, or without reburn with a fossil fuel. 34. The method in accordance with claim 33 wherein the fossil fuel is gas from coal volatile matter or natural gas.