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Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0932702 (2007-10-31) |
등록번호 | US-8349764 (2013-01-08) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 5 인용 특허 : 404 |
An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insol
An aggregate composition and process for making the aggregate composition. The aggregate composition includes an insoluble rare earth-containing compound and a polymer binder. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate or a cerium salt. In a specific embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, the polymer binder and optionally a flow aid. A process for making the composition includes mixing the insoluble rare earth-containing compound with a polymer binder to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to mechanical, chemical and/or thermal treatment to adhere the rare earth compound to the polymer binder. The aggregate composition can be used in a variety of fluid treatment applications to remove one or more chemical and biological contaminants in a fluid.
1. An aggregate composition for treating a fluid containing one or more contaminants, the composition comprising: an insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprising cerium oxide, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound is adhered to a polymer binder, wherein the aggregate compositio
1. An aggregate composition for treating a fluid containing one or more contaminants, the composition comprising: an insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprising cerium oxide, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound is adhered to a polymer binder, wherein the aggregate composition is in the form of one of a flowable particulate, granule, bead, pellet, powder, or fiber, and wherein the composition has:i) less than about 15 wt% of the polymer binder; andii) at least about 75 wt% of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 2. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer binder is less than about 8% by weight of the aggregate composition. 3. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the polymer binder comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of thermosetting polymers, thermoplastic polymers, elastomeric polymers, cellulosic polymers, and glasses. 4. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates adhered to an outer surface of the polymer binder and wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing composition is derived by thermal decomposition. 5. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound further comprises one or both of lanthanum, and praseodymium. 6. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises cerium oxide in the form of an anhydrous, insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 7. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean surface area of at least about 5 m2/g, and wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean particle size of at least about 250 nm. 8. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean particle size of at least about 100 nm and wherein the polymer binder is less than about 10% by weight of the composition. 9. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the aggregate composition comprises aggregated particulates having a mean particle size of at least about 0.1 mm. 10. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the aggregate composition has an adsorption capacity for removing arsenic from an aqueous solution of at least about 50 mg of arsenic per gram of the aggregate composition, wherein the aggregate composition comprises aggregated particles having a mean particle size of at least about 0.5 mm and wherein the aggregate composition has a mean surface area of at least about 25 m2/g. 11. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compounds. 12. The aggregate composition of claim 11, wherein the two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compounds have one or both of differing valence and oxidation states. 13. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the aggregate composition comprises more than about 95% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 14. A composition for treating a fluid containing one or more contaminants, the composition comprises: an aggregate having more than 10.01 wt% of an insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprising cerium oxide derived by thermal decomposition; anda polymeric binder, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound is adhered to the polymeric binder, and wherein the aggregate is in the form of one of a flowable particulate, granule, bead, pellet, powder or fiber. 15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the polymer binder is less than about 8% by weight of the aggregate, wherein the polymer binder comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of thermosetting polymers, thermoplastic polymers, elastomeric polymers, cellulosic polymers, and glasses, and wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates adhered to an outer surface of the polymer binder. 16. The composition of claim 14, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises one or both of lanthanum and praseodymium. 17. The composition of claim 14, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises an anhydrous, insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 18. The composition of claim 14, wherein the aggregate further includes a soluble rare earth-containing composition. 19. The composition of claim 14, wherein the aggregate has a mean particle size of at least about 0.1 mm. 20. The composition of claim 14, wherein the aggregate comprises more than about 95% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 21. The composition of claim 14, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulates having a mean particle size of at least about 100 nm and wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises particulate have a mean surface area of at least about 25 m2/g. 22. An aggregate composition for treating a fluid containing one or more contaminants, the aggregate composition comprising: a polymer binder comprising less than 15% by weight of the aggregate composition;one or more optional soluble rare earth-containing compounds; andan insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 23. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the polymer binder is less than about 10% by weight of the aggregate composition. 24. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the polymer binder comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyurethanes, silicones, fluorosilicones, phenolic resins, melamine resins, melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde, nylons and other polyamides, polyethylenes, LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, polyethylene copolymers, polyolefins, plasticized polyvinylchlorides, unplasticized polyvinylchlorides, fluorocarbon resins, polytetrafluoroethylene, polystyrenes, polypropylenes, cellulosic resins, cellulose acetate butyrates, acrylic resins, polyacrylates, polymethylmethacrylates, thermoplastic blends, thermoplastic grafts, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrenes, acrylonitrile-styrenes, polycarbonates, polyvinylacetates, ethylene vinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde, polyacetals, polyesters, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether ether ketone, phenol-formaldehyde resins, resols, novolacs, elasomers, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers, styrene-butadiene rubbers, neoprenes, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, silicones, alkylated chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, perfluoroelastomers, polychloroprene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, chlorinated polyethylene, and fluoroelastomers, wherein the polymer binder is less than about 8% by weight of the aggregate composition. 25. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium, and wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound has a mean particle size of at least about 250 nm. 26. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises cerium oxide has a mean particle size of at least about 500 nm 27. The aggregate composition of claim 22, further comprising one or more flow aids. 28. The aggregate composition of claim 27, wherein the flow aid is selected from the group consisting of inorganic flow aids, ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, polyaluminum chloride, aluminum trichloride, silicas, diatomaceous earth, organic flow aids, organic flocculents, cationic polyacrylamides, nonionic polyacrylamides, anionic polyacrylamides, EPI-DMA's, epichlorohydrin-dimethylamines, DADMAC's, polydiallydimethyl-ammonium chlorides, dicyandiamide/formaldehyde polymers, dicyandiamide/amine polymers, and natural guar. 29. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, wherein the aggregate composition is in the form of a flowable particulate, granule, bead, pellet, powder, fiber or similar form, wherein the aggregate composition has a mean particle size of at least about 0.1 mm, and wherein the aggregate composition has a mean surface area of at least about 25 m2/g. 30. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound is in the form of one or more of a granule, crystallite, particle or other particulate. 31. The aggregated composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound includes one or more of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium and wherein the aggregated composition comprises more than 95% by weight of the insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 32. The aggregated composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises two or more insoluble rare-earth containing compounds, wherein the two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises one or more of cerium, lanthanum and praseodymium, wherein the two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compounds comprise the same or different rare earth elements, wherein the same or different rare earth elements have at least one of mixed valence or oxidation states, wherein the aggregate composition has a mean particle size of at least about 0.5 mm, and wherein the aggregate composition has a mean surface area of at least about 70 m2/g. 33. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises one or more cerium oxides and wherein the one or more soluble rare earth-containing compounds comprise a cerous, ceric or lanthanum-containing compound. 34. The aggregate composition of claim 33, wherein the one or more cerium oxide comprises cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2) and wherein the one or more soluble rare earth-containing compounds is selected from the group consisting of cerium chlorides, cerium nitrates, anhydrous ceric sulfates, lanthanum chlorides, cerous acetates, cerous sulfates, cerous halides, and cerous oxalates. 35. The aggregate composition of claim 22, further including one or both of an inorganic agent and an additive, wherein the inorganic agent is selected from the group consisting of synthetic ion exchange resins, activated carbons, synthetic zeolites, naturally occurring zeolites, minerals, clays, bentonite clays, smectite clays, kaolin clays, dolomite clays, montmorillinite clays, clay derivatives, metal silicate materials, metal silicate minerals, metal phosphates, mineral phosphates, metal oxides, calcium phosphates, aluminum silicates, iron oxides, manganese oxides, and wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of particle surface modification additives, coupling agents, plasticizers, fillers, expanding agents, fibers, antistatic agents, initiators, suspending agents, photosensitizers, lubricants, wetting agents, surfactants, pigments, dyes, UV stabilizers, and suspending agents. 36. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the binder has a melting temperature, wherein the insoluble rare earth-compound has a sintering temperature and wherein the melting temperature of the polymer does not exceed the sintering temperature of the insoluble rare earth-compound. 37. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises a matrix of insoluble rare earth-containing particulates adhered to an outer surface of the polymer binder, and wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises a matrix of insoluble rare earth-containing particulates embedded in an outer surface of the polymer binder. 38. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the aggregate composition further includes a soluble rare earth-containing composition. 39. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the aggregate composition comprises two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compounds and at least one soluble rare earth-containing compound. 40. The composition of claim 14, wherein the aggregate composition further includes a soluble rare earth-containing composition. 41. The composition of claim 14, wherein the aggregate composition comprises two or more insoluble rare earth-containing compounds and at least one soluble rare earth-containing compound. 42. The composition of claim 14, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound further comprises one or both of lanthanum, and praseodymium. 43. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises cerium oxide. 44. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound is an anhydrous, insoluble rare earth-containing compound. 45. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the cerium oxide comprises cerium (IV) oxide. 46. The aggregate composition of claim 1, wherein the cerium oxide comprises cerium (IV) and cerium (III) oxides. 47. The aggregate composition of claim 14, wherein the cerium oxide comprises cerium (IV) oxide. 48. The aggregate composition of claim 14, wherein the cerium oxide comprises cerium (IV) and cerium (III) oxides. 49. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises cerium (IV) oxide. 50. The aggregate composition of claim 22, wherein the insoluble rare earth-containing compound comprises cerium (IV) and cerium (III) oxides.
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