대표
청구항
▼
1. A vehicle or stationary power plant having an internal combustion engine as a drive source and having components that are to be supplied with heat from a medium accommodated in a closed medium loop, comprising: an exhaust gas turbocharger for turbocharging said internal combustion engine, wherein said exhaust gas turbocharger includes a turbine having a turbine housing and acting as a heat source; anda heat exchanger having a housing, said heat exchanger having an external wall area that is disposed directly on an external wall of said turbine housing...
1. A vehicle or stationary power plant having an internal combustion engine as a drive source and having components that are to be supplied with heat from a medium accommodated in a closed medium loop, comprising: an exhaust gas turbocharger for turbocharging said internal combustion engine, wherein said exhaust gas turbocharger includes a turbine having a turbine housing and acting as a heat source; anda heat exchanger having a housing, said heat exchanger having an external wall area that is disposed directly on an external wall of said turbine housing as an integral component of the turbine, wherein said external wall area of said heat exchanger is shaped to correspond to said external wall of said turbine housing and a further external wall cast or attached to said external wall of the turbine housing in a close-fit manner such that no space exists between said external wall area of said heat exchanger and said external wall of said turbine housing, wherein said heat exchanger is incorporated in said medium loop, wherein said medium is to be conveyed directly or in a channeled manner through an interior of said heat exchanger, wherein in said interior of said heat exchanger said medium is to be heated up utilizing at least thermal radiation energy from said turbine housing, andwherein said heat exchanger has a first connection connected to a supply line for said medium that is to be heated and a second connection that is spaced from said first connection, wherein a discharge line for heated-up medium is connected to said second connection,wherein a heat exchanger pipe extends between said first connection and said second connection of said heat exchanger or wherein a heat exchanger pipe bundle extends between two terminal collection chambers, wherein the medium to be heated is conducted through said heat exchanger pipe or heat exchanger pipe bundle in a channeled or piped manner. 2. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 1, wherein said medium is to be conveyed in a channeled or piped manner through said interior of said heat exchanger, wherein exhaust gas is to be supplied into or conveyed through said interior of said heat exchanger, and wherein the heat content of said exhaust gas is to be used to heat up said medium. 3. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 1, wherein a contact surface of said heat exchanger housing has a shape that is tailored to and conforms to an external region of said turbine housing to optimize heat transmission, wherein the first connection that is connected to the supply line for said medium that is to be heated is disposed on said housing, and wherein the second connection that is connected to the discharge line for heated-up medium is disposed on said housing, and wherein the heat exchanger pipe extends between said first connection and said second connection of said heat exchanger housing through said interior of said heat exchanger, or wherein the heat exchanger pipe bundle extends between two terminal collection chambers. 4. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 1, wherein the supply line for said medium that is to be heated is connected to said housing at said first connection, and wherein the discharge line for heated-up medium is connected to said housing at said second connection that is spaced from said first connection. 5. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 4, wherein said heat exchanger pipe is provided externally with heat-transmitting ribs. 6. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 4, wherein said heat exchanger pipe extends linearly or in a meandering fashion between said first connection and said second connection. 7. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 4, wherein said heat exchanger pipe or a heat exchanger pipe bundle is a component of a heat exchanger cartridge that also contains said first connection and said second connection and is to be installed prefabricated into said heat exchanger housing so as to extend between said supply line and said discharge line. 8. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 4, wherein said heat exchanger pipe or heat exchanger pipes are to be additionally heatable by exhaust gas that is to be diverted from an exhaust gas system prior to or at an intake of said exhaust gas turbine and to be supplied in a channeled manner into said interior of said heat exchanger and, after a certain heat-dissipating dwell time, is to be conveyed out of said interior, at a location remote from the point of introduction into the exhaust gas system at or after an outlet of said exhaust gas turbine. 9. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 1, wherein said medium that is to be heated is to be conveyed via said supply line and said first connection directly into said interior of said housing of said heat exchanger or contact with a hot external wall of said turbine housing or an external wall area of said heat exchanger housing heated by said external turbine housing wall for heating said medium, wherein said medium is to be conveyed back out of said interior of said heat exchanger housing via said second connection, and wherein said medium is to be supplied via said discharge line into said medium loop. 10. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger is in the form of a heat exchanger pipe that is attached, in a bent or meandering fashion, externally to said turbine housing of said exhaust gas turbocharger so as to be tailored and conforming to the shape of an external area of said turbine housing to optimize heat transmission. 11. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 10, wherein an intake of said heat exchanger pipe is connected to a first connection to which is attached a supply line for said medium to be heated, and wherein an outlet of said heat exchanger pipe is connected to a second connection to which is attached a discharge line for heated-up medium. 12. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 1, wherein a pump is provided for circulating said medium in said medium loop, wherein switchable changeover valves are provided, wherein said heat exchanger is switchable into and out of said medium loop via a supply line and a discharge line by means of said changeover valves, wherein a first and a second one of said changeover valves are interconnected by a line section, and wherein said line section is to bypass said heat exchanger, in said medium loop, if said heat exchanger is not switched into said medium loop. 13. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 12, wherein said medium is a liquid coolant of said internal combustion engine, and wherein said medium loop is a cooling loop of said internal combustion engine into which said heat exchanger is switchable via said supply line and said discharge line as a return line via said switchable changeover valves for rapid heating of said coolant after a cold start of said internal combustion engine as a function of a temperature-controlled regulator/controller. 14. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 13, wherein a third one of said changeover valves is connected to said second one of said changeover valves via a line section and is connected to said discharge line of said heat exchanger, wherein a heating circuit is provided that operates via a container or other heat consumer, is connected to said second and said third ones of said changeover valves, and is switchable, via an appropriately switched-over one of said changeover valves, into said medium loop in series with said heat exchanger, and wherein switching of said heating circuit is temperature-controlled via a controller/regulator that is to have a corresponding influence on the switching position of said three changeover valves. 15. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 13, wherein a liquid enclosed or stored in a heat consumer is to be warmed and/or heated, or prevented from freezing, or thawed after freezing after a cold start of said internal combustion engine, via said medium loop and a heating circuit switched therein, as a function of a temperature-controlled regulator/controller. 16. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 15, wherein said heat consumer is a container, and is selected from the group consisting of a storage container for a urea-water solution, a storage container for at least one of a windshield, headlight, and outside mirror cleaning liquid, a radiator that conducts coolant water, an equalization container that accommodates coolant water, an electrical storage battery, a heating element, a hot-water container, and a washing water storage container. 17. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 12, wherein said heat exchanger is switchable or incorporated into an autonomous medium loop that is independent of said internal combustion engine and a coolant loop thereof, wherein a pump is provided for circulating said medium in said autonomous medium loop, and wherein said first and second changeover valves, which are connected by said line section, are, in a controllable manner, to switch said heat exchanger into said medium loop or to bypass said heat exchanger via said line section, which then acts as a bypass. 18. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 12, wherein a heat consumer in the form of a heat exchanger is provided, wherein a secondary medium loop that extends through an interior of said heat consumer is provided, wherein a further heat consumer is disposed in said secondary medium loop, wherein a pump is provided that is to circulate a secondary medium in said secondary medium loop, wherein said secondary medium is to be conveyed through a heat exchanger pipe or pipe bundle disposed in said interior of said heat consumer for receiving heat from said first medium loop, wherein heat thus absorbed is to be transferred to said secondary medium for heating thereof, and wherein said heated secondary medium is to be supplied to said further heat consumer. 19. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 12, wherein said medium is a low-boiling liquid that is accommodated in said closed medium loop and is convertible into a vaporous state as said medium goes through said heat exchanger. 20. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 19, wherein said medium, which is convertible into the vaporous state in said heat exchanger, is to be supplied to a steam turbine, which is integrated into said medium loop and functions as a heat consumer, and to there be effective to deliver power, and wherein said steam turbine is to be connected or to be coupled and decoupled via at least one switchable clutch to a crankshaft of said internal combustion engine and/or to secondary assemblies via at least one drivetrain and to thus convert vapor energy into mechanical drive energy. 21. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 12, wherein an overpressure valve is disposed in said medium loop between said heat exchanger and ones of said changeover valves, and wherein if said heat exchanger is not switched into said medium loop, heating medium still located in said medium loop and/or in said supply line and said discharge line is to expand in an expansion and cooling chamber that is disposed downstream of said overpressure valve. 22. The vehicle or stationary power plant according to claim 12, wherein an electronic, computer-supported regulating and controlling unit is provided to control operation and speeds of pumps and switching/changeover of said changeover valves, for activating and deactivating of said heat exchanger as a heat source, via a program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable media to executable instructions of predefining input set point values, on the basis of actual values applied thereto, including temperature values detected at a heat consumer and flow and pressure values detected in said medium loop.
