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A polymeric material, methods of making the polymeric material, articles that include the polymeric material, and compositions that contain the polymeric material are provided. The polymeric material has a plurality of different pendant groups that include a first pendant group containing a —COOH gr

A polymeric material, methods of making the polymeric material, articles that include the polymeric material, and compositions that contain the polymeric material are provided. The polymeric material has a plurality of different pendant groups that include a first pendant group containing a —COOH group or a salt thereof, a second pendant group containing a poly(alkylene oxide) group, a third pendant group containing a silicon-containing group, and a fourth pendant group containing a quaternary amino group. The polymeric material can be used, for example, to provide coatings that can be antifouling, antimicrobial, or both.

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1. A polymeric material comprising: (a) at least one divalent unit of Formula (I) or a salt thereof; (b) at least one divalent unit of Formula (II) or a salt thereof; and (c) at least one divalent unit of Formula (III) or salt thereof; wherein each D is independently hydrogen or an alkyl;each Q is

1. A polymeric material comprising: (a) at least one divalent unit of Formula (I) or a salt thereof; (b) at least one divalent unit of Formula (II) or a salt thereof; and (c) at least one divalent unit of Formula (III) or salt thereof; wherein each D is independently hydrogen or an alkyl;each Q is independently oxy or —NR1—where R1 is selected from a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;each R2 is independently an alkylene;R3 is an alkyl;R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, or a part of a silicone;each R5 is independently an hydroxyl, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, or part of a silicone;each R6 is independently an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;R7 is an alkyl;L1 is a first linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;L2 is a second linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;n is an integer greater than 1; andX− is an anion. 2. The polymeric material of claim 1, wherein the polymeric material further comprises (d) at least one divalent group of Formula (IVa), Formula (IVb), or a salt thereof wherein R8 is an alkyl. 3. The polymeric material of claim 2, wherein R8 is an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. 4. A method of preparing a polymeric material, the method comprising: providing a solution comprising a copolymer polymeric precursor having a plurality of anhydride groups;forming a poly(alkylene oxide)-containing pendant group by reacting at least one of the anhydride groups with a poly(alkylene oxide) having a single nucleophilic group selected from a primary amino group, secondary amino group, or hydroxyl group, wherein the poly(alkylene oxide)-containing pendant group is of Formula (I) or a salt thereof; forming a silicon-containing pendant group by reacting at least one of the anhydride groups with a silane having a first functional group selected from a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, or a hydroxyl group plus a second functional group that is a silicon-containing group, wherein the silicon-containing pendant group is of Formula (II) or a salt thereof; and forming a tertiary amino-containing pendant group by reacting at least one of the anhydride groups, wherein the amine has a first functional group selected from a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, or a hydroxyl group plus a second functional group that is a tertiary amino group;alkylating the tertiary amino-containing pendant group with an alkylating agent to form a quaternary amino-containing pendant group, wherein the tertiary amino-containing pendant group is of Formula (III) or salt thereof, wherein each D is independently hydrogen or an alkyl;each Q is independently oxy or —NR1—where R1 is selected from a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;each R2 is independently an alkylene;R3 is an alkyl;R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, or a part of a silicone;each R5 is independently an hydroxyl, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, or part of a silicone;each R6 is independently an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;R7 is an alkyl;L1 is a first linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;L2 is a second linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;n is an integer greater than 1; andX− is an anion. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising forming an alkoxycarbonyl-containing pendant group by reacting at least one of the anhydride groups with an alcohol. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the alcohol has 1 to 6 carbon atoms. 7. The method of claim 4, further comprising coating the polymeric material on a substrate to form a coating layer. 8. An article comprising: a substrate; anda coating adjacent to the substrate, the coating comprising a polymeric material comprising:(a) at least one divalent unit of Formula (I) or a salt thereof; (b) at least one divalent unit of Formula (II) or a salt thereof; and (c) at least one divalent unit of Formula (III) or salt thereof; wherein each D is independently hydrogen or an alkyl;each Q is independently oxy or —NR1—where R1 is selected from a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;each R2 is independently an alkylene;R3 is an alkyl;R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, or a part of a silicone;each R5 is independently an hydroxyl, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, or part of a silicone;each R6 is independently an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;R7 is an alkyl;L1 is a first linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;L2 is a second linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;n is an integer greater than 1; andX− is an anion. 9. A method of preparing an antimicrobial surface, an antifouling surface, or both, the method comprising: providing a substrate; andapplying a coating to a surface of the substrate, the coating comprising a polymeric material comprising(a) at least one divalent unit of Formula (I) or a salt thereof; (b) at least one divalent unit of Formula (II) or a salt thereof; and (c) at least one divalent unit of Formula (III) or salt thereof; wherein each D is independently hydrogen or an alkyl;each Q is independently oxy or —NR1—where R1 is selected from a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;each R2 is independently an alkylene;R3 is an alkyl;R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, or a part of a silicone;each R5 is independently an hydroxyl, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, or part of a silicone;each R6 is independently an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;R7 is an alkyl;L1 is a first linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;L2 is a second linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;n is an integer greater than 1; andX− is an anion. 10. A compositions comprising: a liquid comprising water, an organic solvent, or a mixture thereof;a polymeric material dissolved in the liquid, the polymeric material comprising(a) at least one divalent unit of Formula (I) or a salt thereof; (b) at least one divalent unit of Formula (II) or a salt thereof; and (c) at least one divalent unit of Formula (III) or salt thereof; wherein each D is independently hydrogen or an alkyl;each Q is independently oxy or —NR1—where R1 is selected from a hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;each R2 is independently an alkylene;R3 is an alkyl;R4 is hydrogen, an alkyl, or a part of a silicone;each R5 is independently an hydroxyl, alkyl, perfluoroalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, or part of a silicone;each R6 is independently an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl;R7 is an alkyl;L1 is a first linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;L2 is a second linking group comprising an alkylene or heteroalkylene;n is an integer greater than 1; andX− is an anion. 11. The polymeric material of claim 1, wherein R6 is an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R7 is an alkyl having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. 12. The article of claim 8, wherein R6 is an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R7 is an alkyl having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. 13. The composition of claim 10, wherein R6 is an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R7 is an alkyl having 10 to 20 carbon atoms. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein R6 is an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R7 is an alkyl having 10 to 20 carbon atoms.