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Wind turbine systems and methods are disclosed herein. A representative system includes a wind turbine blade having an inner region that has an internal load-bearing truss structure, and an outer region that has an internal, non-truss, load-bearing structure. In particular embodiments, the truss str

Wind turbine systems and methods are disclosed herein. A representative system includes a wind turbine blade having an inner region that has an internal load-bearing truss structure, and an outer region that has an internal, non-truss, load-bearing structure. In particular embodiments, the truss structure can include a triangular arrangement of spars, and/or can include truss attachment members that connect components of the truss without the use of holes in the spars. Spars can be produced from a plurality of pultruded composite members laminated together in longitudinally extending portions. The longitudinally extending portions can be connected at joints that interleave projections and recesses of each of the spar portions. The blades can include fan-shaped transitions at a hub attachment portion, formed by laminated layers and/or a combination of laminated layers and transition plates.

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1. A wind turbine blade comprising: an external aerodynamic surface having a longitudinally-extending spanwise axis, a chordwise axis transverse to the spanwise axis, and a thickness axis transverse to both the chordwise and spanwise axes; anda plurality of longitudinally-extending spars, wherein at

1. A wind turbine blade comprising: an external aerodynamic surface having a longitudinally-extending spanwise axis, a chordwise axis transverse to the spanwise axis, and a thickness axis transverse to both the chordwise and spanwise axes; anda plurality of longitudinally-extending spars, wherein at least one of the spars includes:a longitudinally extending first spar portion having a plurality of laminated first layers, wherein individual first layers terminate at different longitudinal locations to form a first end portion having a plurality of first projections and first recesses, with individual first projections alternating with individual first recesses along the thickness axis, and wherein at least two of the first recesses have different depths;a longitudinally extending second spar portion having a plurality of laminated second layers, wherein individual second layers terminate at different longitudinal locations to form a plurality of second projections and second recesses, with individual second projections alternating with individual second recesses along the thickness axis, and wherein at least two of the second recesses have different depths; andwherein individual second projections are received in corresponding first recesses, and individual first projections are received in corresponding second recesses, to join the first spar portion to the second spar portion. 2. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 wherein the individual second projections are bonded to the corresponding first recesses, and the individual first projections are bonded to the corresponding second recesses, to join the first spar portion to the second spar portion along a bondline having a location that varies in a non-monotonic manner. 3. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 wherein the individual second projections are bonded to the corresponding first recesses, and the individual first projections are bonded to the corresponding second recesses, to join the first spar portion to the second spar portion along a bondline having a zig-zag shape. 4. The wind turbine blade of claim 1 wherein the plurality of laminated first layers includes a plurality of first precured composite layers, and wherein the plurality of laminated second layers includes a plurality of second precured composite layers. 5. The wind turbine blade of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart ribs, and wherein the at least one spar is attached to the ribs. 6. The wind turbine blade of claim 1, further comprising a web, and wherein the at least one spar is attached to the web. 7. The wind turbine blade of claim 1, further comprising: a first strap clamped circumferentially around the first layers; anda second strap clamped circumferentially around the second layers. 8. The wind turbine blade of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart ribs; anda first truss attachment member, wherein the first truss attachment member includes a first piece and a corresponding second piece, wherein the first piece is attached to the second piece to clamp the individual first layers of the first spar portion therebetween, and wherein at least one of the first piece and the second piece of the first truss attachment member is attached to a first one of the longitudinally spaced apart ribs; anda second truss attachment member, wherein the second truss attachment member includes a third piece and a corresponding fourth piece, wherein the third piece is attached to the fourth piece to clamp the individual second layers of the second spar portion therebetween, and wherein at least one of the third piece and the fourth piece of the second truss attachment member is attached to a second one of the longitudinally spaced apart ribs. 9. A wind turbine blade comprising: an external aerodynamic surface having a longitudinally-extending spanwise axis, a chordwise axis transverse to the spanwise axis, and a thickness axis transverse to both the chordwise and spanwise axes; anda longitudinally extending first spar portion having a plurality of laminated first layers that form a first spar end portion with a plurality of first projections and first recesses along the chordwise axis, wherein at least two of the first recesses have different depths;a longitudinally extending second spar portion having a plurality of second laminated layers that form a second spar end portion having plurality of second projections and second recesses along the chordwise axis, wherein at least two of the second recesses have different depths; andwherein individual second projections are received in corresponding first recesses, and individual first projections are received in corresponding second recesses, to join the first spar end portion to the second spar end portion. 10. The wind turbine blade of claim 9 wherein all the first layers terminate in first end portions and all the second layers terminate in second end portions, and wherein all the first end portions have a first shape and all the second end portions have a second shape. 11. The wind turbine blade of claim 9 wherein all the first layers terminate in first end portions and all the second layers terminate in second end portions, wherein individual first end portions have corresponding individual first shapes that define the corresponding first projections and the first recesses along the chordwise axis, and wherein individual second end portions have individual second shapes that define the corresponding second projections and the second recesses along the chordwise axis. 12. The wind turbine blade of claim 9 wherein all of the first layers terminate in first end portions having a first zig-zag shape along the chordwise axis, and wherein all of the second layers terminate in second end portions having a second zig-zag shape along the chordwise axis that compliments the first zig-zag shape. 13. A method for making a wind turbine blade having a longitudinally extending spanwise axis, a chordwise axis transverse to the spanwise axis, and a thickness axis transverse to both the chordwise and spanwise axes, the method comprising: laminating a plurality of first material layers together to form a longitudinally-extending first spar portion, wherein individual first material layers terminate at different longitudinal locations to form a plurality of first projections and first recesses, with individual first projections interleaved with individual first recesses along the thickness axis, and wherein at least two of the first recesses have different depths;laminating a plurality of second material layers together to form a longitudinally-extending second spar portion, wherein individual second material layers terminate at different longitudinal locations to form a plurality of second projections and second recesses, with individual second projections interleaved with individual second recesses along the thickness axis, and wherein at least two of the second recesses have different depths;engaging the first projections of the first spar portion with corresponding second recesses of the second spar portion and engaging the second projections of the second spar portion with corresponding first recesses of the first spar portion; andfixing the first projections in the second recesses and fixing the second projections in the first recesses. 14. The method of claim 13 wherein laminating a plurality of first material layers together includes laminating a plurality of first composite material layers together, and wherein laminating a plurality of second material layers together includes laminating a plurality of second composite materials together. 15. The method of claim 13 wherein laminating a plurality of first material layers together includes laminating a plurality of first precured composite material layers together, and wherein laminating a plurality of second material layers together includes laminating a plurality of second precured composite materials together. 16. The method of claim 13 wherein laminating a plurality of first material layers together includes laminating a plurality of first pultruded composite layers together, and wherein laminating a plurality of second material layers together includes laminating a plurality of second pultruded composite materials together. 17. A method for making a wind turbine blade having a longitudinally extending spanwise axis, a chordwise axis transverse to the spanwise axis, and a thickness axis transverse to both the chordwise and spanwise axes, the method comprising: laminating a plurality of first composite material layers together to form a longitudinally-extending first spar portion, wherein the first spar portion includes a first spar end portion having a plurality of first projections and first recesses, and wherein at least two of the first recesses have different depths;laminating a plurality of second composite material layers together to form a longitudinally-extending second spar portion, wherein the second spar portion includes a second spar end portion having a plurality of second projections and second recesses, and wherein at least two of the second recesses have different depths;engaging the first projections of the first spar portion with corresponding second recesses of the second spar portion and engaging the second projections of the second spar portion with corresponding first recesses of the first spar portion; andbonding the first projections in the second recesses and bonding the second projections in the first recesses. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein laminating a plurality of first composite material layers together includes laminating a plurality of first precured composite material layers together, and wherein laminating a plurality of second composite material layers together includes laminating a plurality of second precured composite material layers together. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein laminating a plurality of first composite material layers together includes laminating a plurality of first pultruded layers together, and wherein laminating a plurality of second composite material layers together includes laminating a plurality of second pultruded layers together. 20. The method of claim 17 wherein laminating a plurality of first composite material layers together includes forming a first spar end portion having individual first projections interleaved with individual first recesses along the chordwise axis, and wherein laminating a plurality of second composite material layers together includes forming a second spar end portion having individual second projections interleaved with individual second recesses along the chordwise axis. 21. A wind turbine blade comprising: an external aerodynamic surface having a longitudinally-extending spanwise axis, a chordwise axis transverse to the spanwise axis, and a thickness axis transverse to both the chordwise and spanwise axes;a plurality of longitudinally-extending spars, wherein at least one of the spars includes: a longitudinally extending first spar portion having a plurality of laminated first layers, wherein individual first layers terminate at different longitudinal locations to form a first end portion having a plurality of first projections and first recesses, with individual first projections alternating with individual first recesses along the thickness axis; anda longitudinally extending second spar portion having a plurality of laminated second layers, wherein individual second layers terminate at different longitudinal locations to form a plurality of second projections and second recesses, with individual second projections alternating with individual second recesses along the thickness axis, wherein individual second projections are received in corresponding first recesses, and individual first projections are received in corresponding second recesses, to join the first spar portion to the second spar portion;a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart ribs;a first truss attachment member, wherein the first truss attachment member includes a first piece and a corresponding second piece, wherein the first piece is attached to the second piece to clamp the individual first layers of the first spar portion therebetween, and wherein at least one of the first piece and the second piece of the first truss attachment member is attached to a first one of the longitudinally spaced apart ribs; anda second truss attachment member, wherein the second truss attachment member includes a third piece and a corresponding fourth piece, wherein the third piece is attached to the fourth piece to clamp the individual second layers of the second spar portion therebetween, and wherein at least one of the third piece and the fourth piece of the second truss attachment member is attached to a second one of the longitudinally spaced apart ribs.