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A pyrolysis apparatus comprises a substantially closed pyrolyzer (4), a supply inlet for supplying pyrolyzable fuel to the pyrolyzer (4), an outlet for taking hot bed material in particle form out of the pyrolyzer, one or more exit outlets (6) for taking condensible gaseous substances separated from

A pyrolysis apparatus comprises a substantially closed pyrolyzer (4), a supply inlet for supplying pyrolyzable fuel to the pyrolyzer (4), an outlet for taking hot bed material in particle form out of the pyrolyzer, one or more exit outlets (6) for taking condensible gaseous substances separated from the fuel to be pyrolyzed out of the pyrolyzer, a condenser (8) for condensing the condensible gaseous substances into pyrolysis oil, and a line (7) for transferring the condensible gaseous substances from the exit outlet of the pyrolyzer (4) to the condenser (8). The means for maintaining pyrolysis conditions in the pyrolyzer (4) comprise an inlet for taking hot bed material in particle form into the pyrolyzer and means (5) for supplying fluidizing gas to the pyrolyzer. The pyrolyzer (4) is a chamber bounded directly by a furnace (1) of a bubbling fluidized bed boiler, through which chamber fluidized bed material is arranged to be circulated between the inlet and the outlet. Means (5) for supplying fluidizing gas are divided over an area between the inlet (11) and the outlet (12) in the pyrolyzer (4) so that they create a cross-flow of fluidizing gas in relation to the transfer direction (S) of the bed material and fuel.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A method for performing pyrolysis in connection with a bubbling fluidized bed boiler comprising a furnace, which contains solid fluidized bed material, said method comprising: maintaining pyrolysis conditions in a pyrolyzer which include pyrolysis temperature,circulating the solid fluidized bed m

1. A method for performing pyrolysis in connection with a bubbling fluidized bed boiler comprising a furnace, which contains solid fluidized bed material, said method comprising: maintaining pyrolysis conditions in a pyrolyzer which include pyrolysis temperature,circulating the solid fluidized bed material of the furnace via the pyrolyzer,fluidizing the solid fluidized bed material in the pyrolyzer with fluidizing gas by feeding the fluidizing, gas to the solid fluidized bed material in a flow direction,bringing the pyrolysis temperature required by the pyrolysis conditions at least partly with the solid fluidized bed material of the furnace,feeding the solid fluidized bed material in a flow direction horizontally through the pyrolyzer and supplying the fluidizing gas below the fluidized bed material so that the solid fluidized bed material flows through the pyrolyzer in the flow direction transversely to the flow direction of the fluidizing gas,forming a bubbling fluidized bed of the solid fluidized bed material in the pyrolyzer by means of the fluidizing gas, said bubbling fluidized bed having an upper surface in the pyrolyzer,supplying solid fuel in particle form to the solid fluidized bed material in the pyrolyzer in several sequential points along the flow direction of the solid fluidized bed material to provide a flow of fuel carried with the solid fluidized bed material in the flow direction of the solid fluidized bed material,separating condensible gaseous substances from the solid fuel under the pyrolysis conditions and collecting the condensible gaseous substances with the fluidizing gas above the solid fluidized bed material,directing the condensible gaseous substances separated from the solid fuel from the pyrolyzer to a condenser, andseparating the condensible gaseous substances in the condenser in liquid form as so-called pyrolysis oil, and wherein the method further comprises:dividing the pyrolyzer by means of intermediate walls directed downward from a ceiling to an inlet section, a pyrolysis section and an outlet section,forming a gas lock in the pyrolyzer by means of the solid fluidized bed material by feeding the solid fluidized bed material into the pvrolyzer to the inlet region through a feed inlet below the upper surface of the solid fluidized bed material in the inlet section and the pyrolysis section and discharging the solid fluidized bed material from the pyrolyzer in the outlet section through a discharge outlet located higher than the feed inlet and higher than the upper surface of the solid fluidized bed material in the inlet section and the pyrolysis section, the method further comprising:supplying fluidizing gas at a fluidizing rate to the solid fluidized bed material in the outlet section comprising the discharge outlet, andadjusting flow-through of the solid fluidized bed material through the pyrolyzer by the fluidizing in the outlet section. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pyrolyzer and the furnace of the fluidized bed boiler have a common wall and the bed material is taken directly from the furnace, of the fluidized bed boiler via the feed inlet in the common wall between the furnace and the pyrolyzer and returned to the furnace via the discharge outlet in the same common wall. 3. The method according to claim 1, comprising: adjusting the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolyzer by means of a heat exchanger which is in contact with the solid fluidized bed material inside the pyrolyzer. 4. The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the solid fuel in particle from supplied to the solid fluidized bed material is solid, bio-based or semi-bio-based fuel. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: adjusting gas transfer rate across the flow of fuel carried with the solid fluidized bed material and residence time of the fuel in the pyrolyzer independently. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: directing part of the solid fluidized bed material of the furnace via the pyrolyzer by taking said part of the solid fluidized bed material from internal circulation of the furnace. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: discharging pyrolysis residue together with the solid fluidized bed material from the pyrolyzer to the furnace, andburning said pyrolysis residue in the furnace. 8. A pyrolysis apparatus comprising: a bubbling fluidized bed boiler comprising is furnace,a substantially closed pyrolyzer chamber having a bottom and a ceiling,intermediate walls directed downward from the ceiling to divide the pyrolyzer chamber to an inlet section, a pvroiysis section and an outlet section,a supply inlet for supplying pyrolyzable fuel to the pyrolyzer chamber,means for maintaining pyrolysis conditions in the pyrolyzer chamber, which comprisein the inlet section, a feed inlet for feeding hot bed material in particle form from said furnace to the inside of the pyrolyzer chamber,in the outlet section, a discharge outlet for discharging the hot bed material in particle form out of the pyrolyzer chamber to said furnace,in the pyrolysis section, a pyrolysis zone located inside the pyrolyzer chamber in an area between the inlet section and the outlet section,said feed inlet and said discharge outlet being horizontally spaced within a distance from each other and defining a transfer direction for the bed material and the fuel over said distance between the feed inlet and the discharge outlet in the pyrolyzer chamber,means for supplying fluidizing gas to the pyrolyzer chamber which are distributed over said pyrolysis zone at different points of said distance so that they create a cross-flow of fluidizing gas in relation to the transfer direction of the bed material and fuel,said discharge outlet being located higher than said feed inlet so that a gas lock can he formed in the pyrolyzer chamber by means of the bed material,said outlet section having means for supplying fluidizing gas to the outlet section for adjusting flow-through of the solid fluidized bed material through the pyrolvzer chamber,one or more exit outlets for condensible gaseous substances separated front the fuel to be pyrolyzed out of the pyrolyzer chamber,a condenser for condensation of the condensible gaseous substances into pyrolysis oil, anda line tor transferring the condensible gaseous substances from said one or more exit outlets of the pyrolyzer chamber to the condenser,said pyrolyzer comprising several supply inlets for supplying pyrolyzable fuel along the transfer direction of the bed material and fuel. 9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the means for supplying fluidizing gas are placed on the bottom, and said more exit outlets for condensible gaseous substances are placed on the ceiling. 10. The apparatus according to claim 8 wherein the pyrolyzer chamber is bounded directly by the furnace of the fluidized bed boiler, and fluidizing bed material of the furnace is arranged to be circulated through the pyrolyzer chamber between the feed inlet and the discharge oulet. 11. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein inside the pyrolyzer chamber there is a heat exchanger for adjusting the pyrolysis temperature. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the pyrolyzer chamber and the furnace of the fluidized bed boiler have a common wall, and the feed inlet and the discharge outlet are located in said common wall. 13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the pyrolyzer chamber comprises a bottom and a ceiling and a wall between the bottom and ceiling, said feed inlet and said discharge outlet being located in said wall, with the discharge outlet in a higher position than the feed inlet.