[특허]Method and apparatus for adjustably treating a sour gas

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

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특허 상세정보

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Method and apparatus for adjustably treating a sour gas

특허상세정보
국가/구분	United States(US) Patent 등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)	B01D-053/02 B01D-053/047 B01D-053/52 B01D-053/62
미국특허분류(USC)	423/220; 423/242.1; 423/244.01; 423/244.09; 423/246; 423/248
출원번호	US-0844000 (2010-07-27)
등록번호	US-8518356 (2013-08-27)
발명자 / 주소	Schaffer, Charles Linford Wright, Andrew David Fogash, Kevin Boyle Kloosterman, Jeffrey William Hufton, Jeffrey Raymond
출원인 / 주소	Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
대리인 / 주소	Jones, II, Willard
인용정보	피인용 횟수 : 17 인용 특허 : 7

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A feed gas comprising CO2, H2S and H2 is treated to produce an H2-enriched product and an H2S-lean, CO2 product. The feed gas is separated to provide the H2-enriched product and a stream of sour gas. The stream of sour gas is divided into two parts, one of which is processed in an H2S removal system to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, and the other of which bypasses the H2S removal system, the stream(s) of sweetened gas and the sour gas bypassing the H2S removal system then being recombined to form the H2S-lean, CO2 product gas. The division of the sour gas between being sent to and bypassing the H2S removal system is adjusted responsive to changes in the H2S content of the sour gas, so as to dampen or cancel the effects of said changes on the H2S content of the H2S-lean, CO2 product gas.

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1. A method for treating a feed gas, comprising CO2, H2S and H2, to produce an H2-enriched product and an H2S-lean, CO2 product, the method comprising: separating the feed gas by pressure swing adsorption to form a stream of H2-enriched product gas and a stream of sour gas, the sour gas also comprising CO2, H2S and H2 but being depleted in H2 and enriched in H2S and CO2 relative to the feed gas;dividing the stream of sour gas into two parts;processing one part of said stream of sour gas in an H2S removal system to form one or more streams of sweetened gas, depleted in H2S and enriched in CO2 relative to the feed gas;bypassing the H2S removal system with the other part of said stream of sour gas; andcombining said stream(s) of sweetened gas with said sour gas bypassing the H2S removal system to form a stream of H2S-lean, CO2 product gas;wherein the division of the sour gas between being sent to and processed in the H2S removal system and bypassing said system is adjusted responsive to changes in the H2S content of the sour gas, such that the proportion of the sour gas processed in the H2S removal system, as compared to bypassing said system, is increased if the H2S content rises and decreased if the H2S content drops. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed gas has an H2S concentration of from about 50 ppm to about 3 mole %. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the feed gas is a sour syngas mixture, comprising CO2, H2S, H2 and CO, obtained from gasifying or reforming carbonaceous feedstock. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the H2-enriched product gas comprises at least about 90 mole % H2 or a mixture of H2 and CO, and is free or substantially free of H2S. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sour gas comprises less than about 6 mole % H2S. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the or each stream of sweetened gas is free or substantially free of H2S. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the H2S-lean, CO2 product gas contains at most about 200 ppm H2S. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises separating the stream of H2S-lean, CO2 product gas to form an H2S-lean, H2-lean, CO2 product and a second H2-enriched gas. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the H2S-lean, CO2 product gas is separated by partial condensation or membrane separation. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the H2S removal system comprises an adsorption system comprising one or more beds of adsorbent selective for H2S, and the processing of sour gas in the H2S removal system comprises passing sour gas through said beds of adsorbent to adsorb H2S therefrom and form said or one of said stream(s) of sweetened gas. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the H2S removal system comprises a system for converting H2S to elemental sulfur, the processing of sour gas in the H2S removal system comprising contacting sour gas with a reagent to convert H2S to elemental sulfur and form said or one of said stream(s) of sweetened gas. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the sour gas contains, in addition to H2S, one or more other sulfur containing species, and wherein the method further comprises treating a portion or all of said sour gas to be processed in the H2S to elemental sulfur conversion system to convert one or more of said sulfur containing species to H2S prior to said sour gas being processed in said conversion system. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the H2S removal system comprises a combustion system, and the processing of sour gas in the H2S removal system comprises combusting sour gas in the presence of O2 to produce heat and a combustion effluent depleted in H2S and H2 and comprising CO2, SOx and H2O, SOx being removed from said combustion effluent to form said or one of said stream(s) of sweetened gas. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the combustion system is an oxy-fuel combustion system. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the method further comprises passing the combustion effluent through a heat exchanger to recover heat therefrom via indirect heat exchange. 16. The method of claim 13, wherein SOx is removed from said combustion effluent by cooling the combustion effluent to condense out water and convert SO3 to sulfuric acid, and maintaining the cooled combustion effluent at elevated pressure(s), in the presence of O2, water and optionally NOx, for a sufficient time to convert SO2 to sulfurous acid and/or SO2 to sulfuric acid and NOx to nitric acid. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the H2S removal system comprises both a combustion system and a system for converting H2S to elemental sulfur via reaction with SO2, sulfuric acid and/or sulfurous acid, and wherein the sour gas to be processed in the H2S removal system is divided into two streams, said processing comprising: contacting, in the H2S to elemental sulfur conversion system, a stream of sour gas with SO2, sulfuric acid and/or sulfurous acid to convert H2S to elemental sulfur and form said stream or one of said streams of sweetened gas; andcombusting, in the combustion system, another stream of sour gas in the presence of O2 to produce heat and a combustion effluent depleted in H2S and H2 and comprising CO2, SOx and H2O, and: (i) introducing at least a portion of the combustion effluent, or an SO2-enriched stream separated from the combustion effluent, into the H2S to elemental sulfur conversion system to provide at least a portion of said SO2 for the reaction with H2S; and/or (ii) converting SOx in the combustion effluent to sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid, and introducing at least a portion of said acid into the H2S to elemental sulfur conversion system to provide at least a portion of said acid for the reaction with H2S. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the H2S to elemental sulfur conversion system converts H2S to elemental sulfur via reaction with SO2, and at least a portion of the combustion effluent, or an SO2-enriched stream separated from the combustion effluent, is introduced into said conversion system to provide at least a portion of said SO2 for the reaction with H2S. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the combustion effluent is divided into two streams thereof, one of which is introduced into said conversion system to provide at least a portion of said SO2 for the reaction with H2S, and the other of which forms a second of said streams of sweetened gas. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the combustion effluent is separated to form an SO2-enriched stream and an SO2-depleted stream, the SO2-enriched stream is introduced into said conversion system to provide at least a portion of said SO2 for the reaction with H2S, and the SO2-depleted stream forms a second of said streams of sweetened gas. 21. The method of claim 17, wherein the H2S to elemental sulfur conversion system converts H2S to elemental sulfur via reaction with sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid, SOx in the combustion effluent is converted to sulfuric and/or sulfurous acid, and at least a portion of said acid is introduced into said conversion system to provide at least a portion of said acid for the reaction with H2S. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein SOx in the combustion effluent is converted to sulfuric or sulfuric and sulfurous acid by cooling the combustion effluent to condense out water and convert SO3 to sulfuric acid, and maintaining the cooled combustion effluent, at elevated pressure(s) in the presence of O2, water and optionally NOx, for a sufficient time to convert SO2 to sulfurous acid and/or SO2 to sulfuric acid and NOx to nitric acid. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the SOx-depleted combustion effluent forms a second of said streams of sweetened gas.

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Method and apparatus for adjustably treating a sour gas

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