초록 ▼

Mosaic devices including an apparatus includes at least one electroluminescence (EL) device and a system substrate. The at least one EL device can be configured to be coupled mechanically and electrically to the system substrate. The system substrate can be configured to receive the at least one EL

Mosaic devices including an apparatus includes at least one electroluminescence (EL) device and a system substrate. The at least one EL device can be configured to be coupled mechanically and electrically to the system substrate. The system substrate can be configured to receive the at least one EL device at a non-discrete location or orientation. The system substrate can be a smart system substrate configured to automatically identify a device type. The EL device can be an area-emitting device such as an organic light emitting diode (OLED) device.

대표청구항 ▼

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one electroluminescence (EL) device; anda system substrate;wherein the at least one EL device is configured to be coupled mechanically and electrically to the system substrate,wherein the system substrate is configured to receive the at least one EL device at a n

1. An apparatus comprising: at least one electroluminescence (EL) device; anda system substrate;wherein the at least one EL device is configured to be coupled mechanically and electrically to the system substrate,wherein the system substrate is configured to receive the at least one EL device at a non-discrete location or orientation,wherein the system substrate comprises at least one conductive grid or array providing at least one of an electrical or mechanical coupling to the EL device,wherein the at least one grid or array is on a surface of the system substrate,wherein the EL device further comprises at least one protruding electrode configured to make contact with the at least one conductive grid or array on the surface of the system substrate,wherein the at least one protruding electrode is a movable protruding electrode which is movable about a defined region on the EL device, andwherein the movable protruding electrode comprises a button magnet. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one EL device is configured to be removably coupled mechanically and electrically to the system substrate. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one EL device comprises an area-emitting EL device. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one EL device comprises an area emitting EL device, and wherein the area emitting EL device has a light emitting area of at least 0.5 cm2. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one EL device emits light that defines a shape of a circle, a polygon, a number, a letter, a symbol, a logo, a holiday shape, a character, or a figure. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of EL devices of various sizes, shapes, colors, or a combination thereof. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the plurality of EL devices of various sizes, shapes, colors, or a combination thereof are configured to be arranged to form a pattern, a logo, or a symbol. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the system substrate or the EL device is substantially transparent. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one EL device comprises one of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) or a thin-film electroluminescence (TFEL) device. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the system substrate or the at least one EL device is flexible or conformable. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate is configured to be free-standing or mounted on a surface. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate can be expanded by connecting additional system substrates in a modular fashion. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the system substrate or the at least one EL device further comprises a mechanical coupling member to provide mechanical coupling between the system substrate and the at least one EL device. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the mechanical coupling member is selected from one of a hook-and-loop connector, a beaded stem fastener, an adhesive, a putty, a tape, a push pin, a staple, a clip, or a magnet. 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the mechanical coupling member is electrically conductive and is configured to provide at least one electrical connection between the system substrate and the at least one EL device. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the system substrate or the at least one EL device further comprises at least one electrical coupling member configured to electrically couple the system substrate and the at least one EL device. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the electrical coupling member comprises one of a hook-and-loop connector, a beaded stem fastener, an adhesive, a putty, a tape, a push pin, a pin, a plug, a staple, or a magnet. 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate further comprises a cover, wherein at least one of the system substrate or the cover is substantially transparent, and wherein the at least one EL device is configured to be coupled electrically, mechanically, or both electrically and mechanically to the system substrate by sandwiching the EL device between the system substrate and the cover. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the at least one EL device comprises a bottom electrode and a top electrode, wherein the system substrate comprises a first conductive path, wherein the cover comprises a second conductive path, and wherein the first and second conductive paths are configured to electrically couple the bottom electrode and the top electrode. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first and second conductive paths is a substantially transparent conductive path comprising a transparent conductive oxide, a PEDOT, a carbon nanotube, a nanoparticle thin film, or a metallic grid, wherein the grid is sufficiently thin to be substantially transparent. 21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein a mechanical coupling between the EL device and the system substrate is provided substantially by a pressure applied between the cover and the system substrate. 22. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate further comprises a first conductive path and wherein the at least one conductive grid or array comprises at least one additional conductive path, wherein the EL device comprises at least one additional electrode, and wherein the EL device is configured to electrically couple to the system substrate by connecting the at least one additional electrode to the first conductive path and connecting the at least one protruding electrode to the at least one additional conductive path. 23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the at least one conductive grid or array is recessed into the system substrate; and wherein the at least one protruding electrode protrudes from the EL device to make contact with the at least one recessed grid or array. 24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of the first conductive path or the at least one conductive grid or array comprises an electromechanical coupling member, and wherein at least one of the first electrode or the at least one additional electrode of the EL device comprises a complementary electromechanical coupling member, such that when the EL device is electrically coupled to the system substrate, the EL device is also mechanically coupled to the system substrate. 25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the EL device has a lateral dimension which is greater than or equal to a receptacle spacing. 26. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conductive grid or array is an addressable grid or array. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a control module configured to selectively drive the EL devices coupled to the system substrate at various locations on the conductive grid or array by selectively applying drive conditions. 28. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate further comprises conductive vias configured to connect components of the grid or array. 29. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate further comprises: a first conductive path, anda plurality of recessed conductive grids or arrays, at least one conductive grid or array providing at least one of an electrical or mechanical coupling to the EL device, the at least one conductive grid or array comprising at least one additional conductive path,wherein the EL device comprises a first electrode and at least one additional electrode,wherein the EL device is configured to electrically couple to the system substrate by connecting the first electrode to the first conductive path and connecting at least one additional electrode to the at least one conductive grid or array,wherein the at least one conductive grid or array is recessed into the system substrate,wherein at least one additional electrode protrudes from the EL device to make contact with the at least one recessed grid or array,wherein the plurality of conductive grids or arrays are of various widths, andwherein at least one protruding electrode of the EL device has a width corresponding to a width of a corresponding grid or array. 30. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the system substrate further comprises: a first conductive path, anda plurality of conductive grids or arrays, at least one conductive grid or array providing at least one of an electrical or mechanical coupling to the EL device, wherein the at least one conductive grid or array comprises at least one additional conductive path and,wherein the EL device comprises a first electrode and at least one additional electrode,wherein the EL device is configured to electrically couple to the system substrate by connecting the first electrode to the first conductive path and connecting at least one additional electrode to the at least one conductive grid or array,wherein at least one conductive grid or array is recessed into the system substrate,wherein at least one additional electrode protrudes from the EL device to make contact with the at least one recessed grid or array,wherein the plurality of conductive grids or arrays are recessed at various depths within the system substrate, andwherein at least one protruding contact of the EL device has a length substantially equal to a depth of a corresponding grid or array. 31. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein various grids or arrays are configured to supply various drive conditions to the EL devices. 32. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a control module, wherein the control module is configured to drive the EL devices such that a light output of the apparatus has at least one of a desired color characteristic or a desired intensity. 33. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a control module, wherein the control module is configured to drive the EL devices such that they flash or are activated in a pattern. 34. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a control module configured to independently drive the at least one EL device. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the control module is configured to receive an input from a sensor, an electronic interface, or an identification device via wireless communication. 36. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the control module is configured to drive the EL devices such that a light output of the apparatus has at least one of a desired color characteristic or a desired intensity. 37. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising an electronic interface configured to receive a user input, wherein the control module is configured to independently drive the at least one EL device based on the user input. 38. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising a sensor, wherein the control module is configured to independently drive the at least one EL device based on information collected by the sensor. 39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the sensor is configured to sense one of a temperature, a light spectrum, a movement, an acoustical frequency, a time, a light intensity, or a chemical composition. 40. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising at least one identification device configured to uniquely identify at least one characteristic of the at least one EL device, wherein the control module is configured to independently drive the at least one EL device based on the at least one characteristic identified. 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the at least one identification device comprises a magnetic switch configured to be activated by at least one magnet of the EL device. 42. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the identification device comprises a coil, and wherein the EL device comprises a magnet configured to induce a current in the coil. 43. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the EL device further comprises an radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, and wherein the at least one identification device comprises an RFID reader. 44. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the identification device comprises an optical detection device. 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the identification device comprises one of a photodetector, a camera, or a scanner configured to measure one of a spectral characteristic or a coverage of the system substrate by the at least one EL device. 46. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the identification device is configured to measure an electrical characteristic of at least one EL device. 47. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the identification device comprises one of a magnetic, an optical, a mechanical, a digital, or an analog device. 48. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the system substrate comprises an addressable array of contacts; wherein the mechanical and electrical coupling of the at least one EL device to the system substrate results in the EL device making an electrical connection to at least one contact in the array; and wherein the identification device is capable of probing each contact in the array. 49. The apparatus of claim 48, wherein the control module comprises software configured to assign a preferred drive condition for each contact in the array based on the at least one characteristic of the EL device connected to that contact on the array. 50. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the at least one characteristic of the EL device is one of an age, a size, a location on the system substrate, a color, a preferred drive condition, a height, a magnetic field, an optical signature, or an electrical signature. 51. A kit comprising: a plurality of electroluminescence (EL) devices; andat least one system substrate;wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices are configured to be coupled mechanically and electrically to the at least one system substrate; andwherein the at least one system substrate is configured to receive at least some of the plurality of EL devices at a non-discrete location or orientation,wherein the at least one system substrate comprises at least one conductive grid or array providing at least one of an electrical or mechanical coupling to the EL devices,wherein the at least one grid or array is on a surface of the system substrate,wherein at least one of the EL devices further comprises at least one protruding electrode configured to make contact with the at least one conductive grid or array on the surface of the system substrate,wherein the at least one protruding electrode is a movable protruding electrode which is movable about a defined region on the EL device, andwherein the movable protruding electrode comprises a button magnet. 52. The kit of claim 51, wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices have different colors, shapes, or sizes. 53. The kit of claim 51, further comprising instructions for selecting a subset of the plurality of EL devices such that a mixed light output of the subset of EL devices has a desired color characteristic. 54. The kit of claim 51, wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices are configured to emit light of a phototherapeutic wavelength. 55. The kit of claim 51, wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices have colors or shapes that are compatible with a holiday or special occasion theme. 56. The kit of claim 51, wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices are capable of producing a mixed light output that is substantially white. 57. The kit of claim 51, wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices emit light that defines a shape of a letter. 58. The kit of claim 51, wherein at least some of the plurality of EL devices are selected to have shapes and colors configured to make a predefined pattern on the at least one system substrate. 59. The kit of claim 51, wherein the at least one system substrate has markings to indicate coupling locations of at least some of the plurality of EL devices by color, shape, or size, such that a pattern or picture can be formed. 60. The kit of claim 51, wherein the plurality of EL devices includes EL devices of various shapes, sizes, or colors, or a combination thereof to enable a user to create a light mosaic with the plurality of EL devices. 61. The kit of claim 51, wherein the at least one system substrate and the plurality of EL devices are configured to look like a stained glass window when the EL devices are coupled to the at least one system substrate. 62. The kit of claim 61, further comprising a material that can be placed between EL devices to give an appearance of channeled lead. 63. The kit of claim 51, wherein the EL devices have jigsaw puzzle shapes, and wherein the EL devices are configured to be interlocked when coupled to the system substrate. 64. An apparatus comprising: at least one electroluminescence (EL) device; anda system substrate;wherein the at least one EL device is configured to be coupled mechanically and electrically to the system substrate,wherein the system substrate is configured to receive the at least one EL device at a non-discrete location or orientation,wherein the system substrate further comprises: a first conductive path, anda plurality of recessed conductive grids or arrays, at least one conductive grid or array providing at least one of an electrical or mechanical coupling to the EL device, the at least one conductive grid or array comprising at least one additional conductive path,wherein the EL device comprises a first electrode and at least one additional electrode,wherein the EL device is configured to electrically couple to the system substrate by connecting the first electrode to the first conductive path and connecting at least one additional electrode to the at least one conductive grid or array,wherein the at least one conductive grid or array is recessed into the system substrate, andwherein at least one additional electrode protrudes from the EL device to make contact with the at least one recessed grid or array,wherein the plurality of conductive grids or arrays are of various widths, andwherein at least one protruding electrode of the EL device has a width corresponding to a width of a corresponding grid or array.