Method and apparatus for thermal exchange with two-phase media
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
G05D-011/16
F25B-041/04
F25B-041/00
출원번호
US-0558641
(2009-09-14)
등록번호
US-8532832
(2013-09-10)
발명자
/ 주소
Cowans, Kenneth W.
Cowans, William W.
Zubillaga, Glenn
출원인 / 주소
BE Aerospace, Inc.
대리인 / 주소
Fulwider Patton LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
7
초록▼
In a temperature control system using a controlled mix of high temperature pressurized gas and a cooled vapor/liquid flow of the same medium to cool a thermal load to a target temperature in a high energy environment, particular advantages are obtained in precision and efficiency by passing at least
In a temperature control system using a controlled mix of high temperature pressurized gas and a cooled vapor/liquid flow of the same medium to cool a thermal load to a target temperature in a high energy environment, particular advantages are obtained in precision and efficiency by passing at least a substantial percentage of the cooled vapor/liquid flow through the thermal load directly, and thereafter mixing the output with a portion of the pressurized gas flow. This “post load mixing” approach increases the thermal transfer coefficient, improves control and facilities target temperature change. Ad added mixing between the cooled expanded flow and a lesser flow of pressurized gas also is used prior to the input to the thermal load. A further feature, termed a remote “Line Box”, enables transport of the separate flows of the two phase medium through a substantial spacing from pressurizing and condensing units without undesired liquefaction in the transport lines.
대표청구항▼
1. A system for utilizing separate flows of high pressure, high temperature fluid from a compressor to control a temperature of a thermal load having an input and an output, and comprising: a first propagation path receiving high pressure, high temperature flow of the fluid in gaseous state from sai
1. A system for utilizing separate flows of high pressure, high temperature fluid from a compressor to control a temperature of a thermal load having an input and an output, and comprising: a first propagation path receiving high pressure, high temperature flow of the fluid in gaseous state from said compressor and comprising a controllable flow valve providing a variable mass flow rate, said first propagation path including circuits coupling said variable flow to an output of said thermal load;a second propagation path receiving high temperature, high pressure fluid from said compressor, at a rate dependent on the mass flow extracted in said first propagation path;a cooling flow circuit including a condenser disposed in said second propagation path for liquefying the received pressurized gas, and said cooling flow circuit further including;a thermo-expansion valve for expanding and thereby cooling said second flow to an at least partially vapor state at an output;and input circuits coupling the output of said cooling flow circuit to an input of said thermal load; anda first mixer having first and second inputs and coupled to receive a flow from said first propagation path at a first input and the output flow from said thermal load at a second input, said first mixer having an output providing a mixed output flow to the compressor, such that the temperature of said thermal load is controlled by the mixed flow. 2. A system as set forth in claim 1 above, further including a controller selecting a target temperature for said thermal load and coupled to adjust said controllable flow valve in response thereto, and a temperature sensor responsive to the temperature of said thermal load and providing a temperature reading from the thermal load to said controller. 3. A system as set forth in claim 1 above, further including a first second mixer having first and second inputs coupled to the output of said controllable flow valve and the output of said cooling flow circuit respectively, and an output coupled to the input of said thermal load. 4. A system as set forth in claim 3 above, wherein couplings from said first propagation path to said first and second mixers comprise at least one settable impedance for balancing the proportion of flows between the first and second propagation paths. 5. A system as set forth in claim 4 above, where said at least one settable impedance comprise two flow balancing orifices each coupling flow in the first propagation flow path to a different one of the first and second mixers, and wherein the first path from said compressor to the output of the thermal load includes a controller responsive shutoff valve. 6. In a thermal control system using flows of a two-phase refrigerant media divided from an initial high pressure gaseous phase into both a high temperature, high pressure gaseous phase and a post-condensed expanded phase flowing in a recirculating loop to provide thermal control of a load, said load having an input and output and said system using variable mixes of the two phases in controlled proportions, the improvement comprising: an intermediate input circuit coupling the refrigerant media in said high temperature, high pressure phase to the output of said load in a mixer, a temperature of an output of said mixer used to control a thermo-expansive valve receiving the post-condensed expanded phase to the input of the load, to adjust the temperature level in the recirculating loop by changing the total mass flow of said refrigerant media in the high pressure gaseous phase, while concurrently tending to maximize the liquid content in the post-condensed expanded phase. 7. A thermal control system as set forth in claim 6 above, wherein said intermediate input circuit comprises a serially connected shutoff valve and a settable impedance in circuit with the flow path of the high temperature, high pressure gaseous phase, and a second settable impedance in circuit with the flow path of the post-condensed gaseous phase. 8. In a thermal control system employing a two-phase refrigerant media in both a high temperature, high pressure gaseous phase and a differential flow of post-condensed expanded cooled phase to control a temperature of a thermal load by combining controlled proportions of the two phases, the improvement comprising: a first circuit including a first mixer for combining said expanded cooled phase with a controlled fraction of said high temperature, high pressure phase and flowing the combined flow directly through said thermal load, and a second circuit including a second mixer combining a post load mixing flow from a thermal load output with a controlled fraction of said high temperature, high pressure phase to intensify a liquid component level in the flow through the thermal load to augment temperature control by reducing temperature and pressure differences in thermal exchange with the thermal load. 9. A thermal control system as set forth in claim 8 above, wherein said first circuit and said second circuit each comprise a settable impedance for controlling the proportions of flows between the two paths, wherein the mixed flow through the thermal load can be adjusted to maximize the liquid content and thermal transfer efficiency, and lower the pressure drop through the thermal load. 10. In a temperature control system employing a two-phase thermal transfer medium and mixing controlled proportions of said medium in a pressurized hot gas phase with an expanded liquid and vapor phase, to establish a target temperature in a thermal load having an input and output, a combination for improving the resolution attainable in the target temperature, comprising: a compressor and a condenser pressurizing and condensing loop for recycling a primary flow of two-phase refrigerant said loop dividing pressurized gaseous flow into separate flows of pressurized hot gas and condensed refrigerant in separate first and second paths, respectively, in the recycling loop;a variable control system including a controller responsive to a target temperature and including a mass flow control device in the first path for varying the flow in said first path in a sense needed to attain the target temperature;an expansion device in said second path for converting the differential of flow from the primary flow refrigerant in the state of condensed refrigerant to an output of at least partially gaseous phase at lower temperature;a first mixing device having two inputs and an output, a first input being coupled to receive the output of said expansion device in the second path, and the second input being coupled to receive a portion of the variable flow from said first path, the first mixing device output being coupled to the input to said thermal load;a second mixing device having two inputs and an output, a first input being coupled to the output of said thermal load, and a second input being coupled to receive the hot gas flow from the first path, and the second mixing device having an output coupled to said pressurizing and condensing loop for recycling the medium; anda temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of an output of the second mixing device, said temperature sensor output communicated to the expansion device to adjust the flow thereinthrough. 11. A system as set forth in claim 10 above, where the first path includes a first flow control orifice before the coupled input to the first mixing device, and a second flow control orifice and shutoff valve from the first path to the coupled input to the second mixing device, the shutoff valve being responsive to the flow control system, wherein the system further comprises a pressure dropping valve in the second path between the expansion device and the first mixing device, and a sensing device responsive to the temperature of the output flows from the second mixing device and coupled to the expansion device for internal equalization thereof. 12. A method of controlling the temperature of a thermal load using a pressurized two-phase fluid from a pressurizing energy source, in which method an initial flow of said fluid is divided into a pressurized high temperature gaseous flow and a cooled and then condensed and expanded flow of differentially higher liquid content than the initial flow, the method comprising the steps of: varying a flow rate of said high temperature gaseous flow, thereby differentially varying a flow rate of said cooled expanded fluid;passing at least a portion of said cooled expanded flow through said thermal load in thermal exchange relationship with said load while maintaining a liquid content therein;mixing the output from said thermal load with said high pressure high temperature flow;sensing a temperature of an output of the mixing;using the temperature of the output of the mixing to adjust the flow of the cooled expanded flow; andreturning a combined flow after mixing for recompression by said pressurizing energy source and completion of a continuous cycle. 13. The method as set forth in claim 12 above, including the further steps of also mixing a portion of the high temperature gaseous flow with the cooled expanded flow before passing the mixture of both flows in thermal exchange relationship with said load, whereby the load input receives cooled expanded flow that is thermally modified. 14. The method as set forth in claim 13 above, further including the steps of separately adjusting the relative flow rates of the high temperature gaseous flow rate before mixing with the cooled expanded flow and before mixing with the output from the load. 15. The method as set forth in claim 12 above, wherein said cooled expanded flow is a liquid and vapor mix at a lower temperature, than one high temperature gaseous flow and wherein the temperature of said thermal load is controlled primarily by modulation of said pressurized high penetration gaseous flow rate and the method further includes the steps of sensing the temperature of said thermal load and modulating said gaseous flow rate in response thereto. 16. The method as set forth in claim 12 above, wherein the steps of pressurizing said gaseous flow and varying said high temperature gaseous flow rate are effected at a relatively substantial distance from the thermal load, and wherein the steps of mixing said high pressure flow with said output of said thermal load and expanding said condensed fluid are effected in substantial proximity to the thermal load, whereby said two-phase fluid is transported said substantial distance without significant liquefaction before reaching the region of substantial proximity to said thermal load. 17. The method as set forth in claim 16 above, wherein the steps of mixing both before and after the thermal load include separately adjusting the high temperature flows to achieve flow balance. 18. The method as set forth in claim 12 above, further including the steps of pre-mixing a proportion of said pressurized gaseous flow with said cooled expanded flow as an input for said thermal load, and further post-mixing a proportion of said pressurized gaseous flow with the mixture flowing from said output of said thermal load, and returning the post-mixed flow for recompression by said pressurizing energy source. 19. The method as set forth in claim 12 above, wherein the method further includes the steps of adjusting said flow of the proportion of the pressurized gaseous flow after mixing with said output of said thermal load, and further including the steps of selectively terminating said high temperature gaseous flow for mixing after the load output to facilitate rapid cooling of the load.
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