초록 ▼

Therapeutic formulations adapted for positive-pressure application for controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, absorbent articles comprising therapeutic formulations, and anti-infective devices coated with therapeutic formulations, said formulations comprising about 25% to about

Therapeutic formulations adapted for positive-pressure application for controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, absorbent articles comprising therapeutic formulations, and anti-infective devices coated with therapeutic formulations, said formulations comprising about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound and 0% to about 75% by weight solvent. In addition, methods of using said formulations including methods for controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, methods for controlling blood loss, and methods for facilitating effective closure of a vascular wound or incision site at a desired site in a subject are disclosed, the methods comprising administering particular formulations comprising liquid-crystal forming compounds and solvents that are described herein.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A therapeutic formulation adapted for positive-pressure application and effective for controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, the formulation comprising: (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group

1. A therapeutic formulation adapted for positive-pressure application and effective for controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, the formulation comprising: (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof;(ii) solvent; and(iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;wherein the formulation effectively controls biological fluid at the desired site in the subject by being in a liquid crystalline state or capable of forming a liquid crystalline state after application to the desired site. 2. A therapeutic formulation according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of a polar solvent, a non-polar solvent, a semi-polar solvent, and a combination thereof. 3. An absorbent article comprising (a) an absorbent layer comprising a liquid-permeable and moisture vapor-permeable outer layer having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface essentially coextensive with an outer surface of the absorbent layer; (b) a liquid-permeable liner, adapted to be non-adherent to a wound, having a surface that is substantially coextensive with an inner surface of the absorbent layer such that the absorbent layer is located between the liquid-permeable liner and the outer layer; and (c) a formulation effective for controlling biological fluid of a subject is present on at least a portion of a surface of the liquid-permeable liner opposite that which is coextensive with the inner surface of the outer layer, wherein the formulation comprises: (i) from about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof;(ii) solvent; and(iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;wherein the formulation effective for controlling biological fluids provides utility as an anti-adherent between the article and bodily tissue to assist in placement or removal of the article from a site of use thereby reducing trauma from application or removal of said article. 4. An infection resistant device for location at a desired site of a subject, the device comprising: an anti-infective formulation of(i) about 25% to 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof;(ii) solvent; and(iii) therapeutic agent, which is a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof;wherein said anti-infective formulation inhibits the formation of pathogen growth including microbial biofilms on the device, or in adjacent tissues, thereby imparting infection resistance. 5. An infection resistant device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 6. An infection resistant device according to claim 5, wherein upon formation of a viscous liquid crystalline state, the anti-infective formulation thereby increases residence time and decreases a tendency to migrate from the device location at the desired site of the subject. 7. An infection resistant device according to claim 6, wherein the liquid crystal formulation releases degradation products of the liquid-crystal forming compound from the formulation, wherein said degradation products provide an additional anti-infective effect. 8. An infection resistant device according to claim 7, wherein the device is effective for treatment of a wound. 9. An infection resistant device according to claim 5, wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of a medical sponge, a surgical dressing, a wound dressing, an adhesive bandage, and a combination thereof. 10. An infection resistant device according to claim 4, wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of a prosthetic, an implant, and a combination thereof. 11. A thrombin inhibitor formulation comprised of (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; (iii) and a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the formulation is adapted for positive pressure application to desired site in a subject. 12. A thrombin inhibitor formulation according to claim 11, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 13. A thrombin inhibitor formulation according to claim 11, wherein the formulation is a neuroprotective agent. 14. A medical cosmetic formulation effective for mimicking soft tissue at a desired site in a subject, the formulation comprising: (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and optionally, other compounds to provide viscosities and textures effective for mimicking soft tissue. 15. A method for effectively controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of a therapeutic formulation according to claim 1 at the site for a period of time effective to control biological fluid at the desired site. 16. A method for effectively controlling biological fluid at a desired site in a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of a formulation according to claim 1 for a period of time effective to control biological fluid at the desired site. 17. A method according to claim 15, wherein the formulation is a liquid, a gel or a semi-solid. 18. A method according to claim 15, wherein the formulation forms a cubic phase after application to the site. 19. A method according to claim 15, wherein the formulation forms a viscous phase prior to application to the site. 20. A method according to claim 15, wherein effectively controlling biological fluid further comprises: promoting hemostasis at the desired site. 21. A method according to claim 15, wherein effectively controlling biological fluid further comprises: promoting coagulation at the desired site. 22. A method according to claim 15, wherein effectively controlling biological fluid further comprises: facilitating healing by inducing local effects at the desired site. 23. A method according to claim 22, wherein facilitating healing further comprises: maintaining moisture at the desired site, wherein the desired site is a burn. 24. A method according to claim 15, wherein effectively controlling biological fluid further comprises: providing a formulation in the form of a tissue filler having increased residence time at or near the desired site, such that the formulation resists bodily clearance. 25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the tissue filler is a dermal filler, a bone filler, a brain filler, a synovial filler or a muscle filler. 26. A method according to claim 15, wherein effectively controlling biological fluid further comprises: forming a protective sealant at the desired site, so as to control flow and exchange of biological fluids and promote sealing of tissue via formation of the protective sealant barrier at the site. 27. A method according to claim 15, wherein effectively controlling biological fluid further comprises: retarding the formation of a surgical adhesion, so as to inhibit the formation of undesired post-operative scar tissue that may result at or adjacent to a site of surgical intervention. 28. A method according to claim 15, wherein the desired site is part of the female gynecological region, including the vagina, uterus, or cervix. 29. A method according to claim 15, wherein the site is an acute trauma wound or a chronic wound. 30. A method according to claim 15, wherein administering further comprises: administering to the site by laparoscopy, endoscopy, irrigation, continuous spray, intermittent spray, continuous stream, intermittent stream, lavage, douche, enema, suppository, implant, deposition, direct or indirect manual administration or by incorporation into a medical article. 31. A method for effectively controlling blood loss at a desired site of a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of a thrombin inhibitor formulation at the desired site for a period of time effective to control blood loss at the desired site, wherein the formulation comprises (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iiii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 32. A method for effectively sealing a tissue or filling a tissue void at a desired site of a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of a thrombin inhibitor formulation at the desired site for a period of time effective to seal the tissue or fill the tissue void, wherein the formulation comprises about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 33. A method for controlling blood loss at a site in a subject, the method comprising: administering the thrombin inhibitor formulation of claim 11 at a site of blood loss in a subject, wherein the formulation facilitates blood coagulation, thereby controlling blood loss at the site. 34. A method according to claim 32, wherein administering further comprises: filling a tissue void created by trauma, disease or a surgical procedure. 35. A method for administering the therapeutic formulation according to claim 1, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of the formulation directly to a vascular access site of a venous or arterial tissue of a subject. 36. A method for administering the therapeutic formulation according to claim 35, wherein the formulation is administered so as to contact tissue adjacent to the vascular access site in the subject. 37. A method according to claim 35, wherein administering further comprises delivering the formulation topically to superficial tissue of the venous or arterial tissue of the access site. 38. A method according to claim 35, wherein administering further comprises utilizing an implant article for administering which has been impregnated with the formulation. 39. A method for administering by positive pressure a therapeutic formulation to a desired tissue site in a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of the formulation to the desired tissue site to effect tissue sealing, wherein the formulation comprises (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the tissue is selected from the group consisting of epithelial, connective, skeletal, glandular, muscular, and neural tissue. 40. A method according to claim 39, wherein administering further comprises administering to the desired tissue site is a neural tissue site, to control flow of neural biological fluid, including any solute or dispersed substance it may contain, to inhibit of paralysis. 41. A method according to claim 39, wherein the desired site is a bone tissue site with a bone opening, the formulation administered to plug and seal a the bone opening, thereby inhibiting loss of bone tissue biological fluid and providing a protective barrier at the opening. 42. A method according to claim 39, wherein effecting tissue sealing further comprises: filling a tissue void created by trauma or a surgical procedure. 43. A method according to claim 39, wherein administering further comprises: administering to the site by laparoscopy, endoscopy, irrigation, continuous spray, intermittent spray, continuous stream, intermittent stream, lavage, douche, enema, implant, deposition, direct manual applications or by incorporation into a medical article. 44. A method for facilitating effective closure of a vascular wound or incision site at a desired site in a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of a biocompatible biodegradable therapeutic formulation at the vascular wound site or incision site, the formulation comprising: (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the formulation effects hemostasis by physically staunching blood flow, absorbing fluid, and induces local effects at the site within about 10 minutes or less of administration at the site, thereby facilitating effective closure of the vascular wound or incision. 45. A method for delivering a formulation as claimed in claim 1 to a desired site in a subject, the method comprising: delivering the formulation to the desired site by injection. 46. A method for administering the formulation according to claim 45 wherein the desired site is the circulatory system and the formulation is injected directly within the circulatory system of the subject. 47. A method according to claim 46, wherein injecting further comprises effecting embolization therapy. 48. A method for inhibiting tissue adhesion to a medical article, the method comprising: coating said medical article with a formulation as claimed in claim 1, thereby inhibiting tissue adhesion to said article and reducing pain and trauma upon application and subsequent removal of the medical article. 49. A method for sterilizing a formulation or device containing said formulation, the formulation as claimed in claim 1, the method comprising: sterile filtering, distilling, thermally exposing, exposing to ionizing radiation, aseptically processing, heating steam under pressure, or exposing to a gas the formulation or device containing the formulation prior to use. 50. A method for effectively mimicking soft bodily tissues at a desired site in a subject, the method comprising: administering an effective amount of a formulation as claimed in claim 14 internally at the desired site to mimic the soft tissue. 51. A therapeutic formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid ester is at least glyceryl monooleate. 52. A formulation according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 53. A formulation according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is a polar solvent selected from the group consisting of water, an aqueous liquid, a biological fluid, an alkanol, a polyethylene glycol, a propylene glycol, a polypropylene glycol, a glycol, a glycerin, an isotonic aqueous solution, a physiologic buffered system, and a combination thereof. 54. An anti-infective formulation adapted for positive-pressure application and effective for inhibiting the growth or killing one or more microbial pathogens, or a biofilm at a desired site, the formulation comprising: (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; (iii) about 1% to about 30% by weight fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and (iv) a therapeutic agent, wherein the formulation effectively inhibits the growth or kills the one or more microbial pathogens at the desired site relative to growth or presence of microbial pathogens in the absence of the formulation. 55. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 54, wherein the formulation provides increased residence time and decreased tendency to migrate from the desired site by forming a viscous liquid crystalline state. 56. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 54, wherein the liquid crystal formulation releases degradation products of the liquid-crystal forming compound from the formulation, wherein said degradation products provide an anti-infective effect. 57. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 56, wherein the formulation is effective for treatment of a wound created by trauma, surgical procedures, leg ulcers, decubitus ulcers, fungal ulcers, diabetic ulcers, foot ulcers, sacral ulcers, or indolent ulcers. 58. A method for inhibiting the growth or killing pathogens at a desired site of a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of anti-infective formulation at the site comprising (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein the formulation is in a liquid crystalline state or forms a liquid crystalline state after application to the desired site. 59. A method according to claim 58, wherein the formation of a viscous liquid crystalline state increases the residence time and decreases the tendency of more fluid states to migrate from the desired site, including bodily tissues and implant devices. 60. A method according to claim 58, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound serves as precursor to at least one degradation product which provides an anti-infective effect. 61. A method according to claim 58, wherein the anti-infective formulation comprises up to about 50% fatty acid combination. 62. A method according to claim 58, wherein administering to the desired site further comprises treating an acute or chronic wound including an abrasion, a burn, a laceration, a puncture, an incision, a surgical wound, an ulceration, a leg ulcer, a decubitus ulcer, a fungal ulcer, a diabetic ulcer, a foot ulcer, a sacral ulcer, an indolent ulcer or a combination thereof. 63. A method according to claim 58, wherein administering comprises physically coating or applying said formulation to any implantable device for the prevention of pathogen growth or to kill pathogens that attempt to colonize upon the implant device including a biofilm or infect a subject in the post operative period from the implant site. 64. A method for effectively controlling biological fluid at an inflamed tissue desired site of a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of a formulation comprising (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; at the site for a period of time effective to control biological fluid at the desired site thereby reducing inflammation. 65. A method of increasing residence time of a liquid crystal formulation at a desired site in a subject and decreasing the tendency for migration of the formulation from that site, the formulation comprising (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; the method comprising: (a) forming the liquid-crystal formulation in a viscous liquid crystalline state by incorporating an effective amount of the liquid-crystal forming compound; and(b) contacting the liquid-crystal formulation with the desired site, thereby increasing the residence time and decreasing the tendency for migration from the desired site. 66. A method of increasing residence time of a liquid crystal formulation at a desired site in a subject and decreasing the tendency for migration of the formulation from that site, the formulation comprising (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; the method comprising: (a) incorporating an effective amount of a viscosity enhancer or a mixture thereof into the formulation to decrease the formulation fluidity; and(b) contacting the liquid-crystal formulation with the desired site, thereby increasing the residence time and decreasing the tendency for migration from the desired site. 67. The method according to claim 66, wherein the viscosity increasing compound or mixture thereof is selected from the group consisting of a polymer, a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, a glycoprotein, a protein, a peptide, and a combination thereof. 68. The method according to claim 67, wherein the viscosity increasing compound or mixture thereof is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, collagen, lauric acid, capric acid, and a combination thereof. 69. A method of increasing residence time of a liquid crystal formulation at a desired site in a subject and decreasing the tendency for migration of the formulation from that site, the formulation comprising (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; the method comprising: (a) designing the formulation to include a substrate, selected from the group consisting of a substrate with one reactive group, a substrate with a plurality of active groups, and a combination thereof, wherein said groups can be crosslinked by a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of a crosslinking compound, a crosslinking promoter, and a combination thereof, by any initiation method to decrease the formulation fluidity; and(b) contacting the liquid-crystal formulation with the desired site, thereby increasing the residence time and decreasing the tendency for migration from the desired site. 70. The method according to claim 69, wherein the substrate is a substrate with a plurality of active groups, the substrate containing a nitrogen group, a sulfur group, a vinyl group, an oxygen group or a combination thereof. 71. The method according to claim 70, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of gelatin, gelatin hydrolysates, collagen, collagen hydrolysates, albumin, whey protein, soy protein, casein, casein derivatives, and a combination thereof. 72. The method according to claim 69, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of an aldehyde derivative including formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, a vinyl crosslinking agent, a cresol, a phenol, a resorcinol, a eugenol, a vanillin, a vanillin derivative, and a combination thereof. 73. A method of increasing residence time of a liquid crystal formulation at a desired site in a subject and decreasing the tendency for migration of the formulation from that site, the formulation comprising (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; the method comprising: (a) designing the formulation to include a crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of crosslinking compounds, crosslinking promoters, and a combination thereof; and(b) contacting the liquid-crystal formulation with the desired site, thereby increasing the residence time and decreasing the tendency for migration from the desired site. 74. A method according to claim 73, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of an aldehyde derivative including formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, a vinyl crosslinking agent, a cresol, a phenol, a eugenol, a resorcinol, a vanillin, a vanillin derivative, and a combination thereof. 75. A method for effectively inhibiting formation of a surgical adhesion at a desired site of a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of a thrombin inhibitor formulation at the desired site for a period of time effective to form a barrier to the surgical adhesion such that the formation of a surgical adhesion is inhibited, wherein the formulation comprises (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 76. A method for effectively treating a wound at a desired site of a subject, the method comprising: administering by positive pressure an effective amount of a thrombin inhibitor formulation at the desired site for a period of time effective to treat the acute or chronic wound, wherein the formulation comprises (i) about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof; (ii) solvent; and (iiii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 77. A method according to claim 36, wherein administering further comprises utilizing an implant article for administering which has been impregnated with the formulation. 78. A method according to claim 39, wherein the method further comprises: forming a protective sealing barrier at the desired site, so as to control flow and loss of biological fluid and promote sealing of tissue via formation of the protective sealing barrier at the site. 79. A method according to claim 78, wherein forming the protective sealing barrier further comprises impeding intimate contact and exchange of bodily fluid containing physiological stimulants for scarring between tissues, thereby retarding formation of surgical adhesions at or adjacent to a site of surgical intervention. 80. A method according to claim 79, wherein the formulation further comprises a scar tissue growth inhibitor selected from the group consisting of an antineoplastic agent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an antibiotic agent, an irritant, and a combination thereof. 81. An absorbent article according to claim 3, wherein the formulation inhibits adhesion of the article to tissue. 82. An infection resistant device according to claim 5, wherein the device is a wound dressing and the anti-infective formation inhibits adhesion of the wound dressing to tissue, thereby reducing pain during dressing changes. 83. A formulation according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 84. A formulation according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 85. A formulation according to claim 84, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 86. An absorbent article according to claim 3, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 87. An absorbent article according to claim 86, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 88. An absorbent article according to claim 3, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 89. An absorbent article according to claim 3, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 90. An infection resistant device according to claim 4, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 91. An infection resistant device according to claim 90, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 92. An infection resistant device according to claim 4, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 93. An infection resistant device according to claim 92, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 94. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 54, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 95. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 94, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 96. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 54, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 97. An anti-infective formulation according to claim 54, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 98. A method according to claim 31, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 99. A method according to claim 98, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 100. A method according to claim 31, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 101. A method according to claim 31, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 102. A method according to claim 32, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 103. A method according to claim 102, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 104. A method according to claim 32, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 105. A method according to claim 32, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 106. A method according to claim 39, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 107. A method according to claim 106, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 108. A method according to claim 39, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 109. A method according to claim 39, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 110. A method according to claim 48, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 111. A method according to claim 110, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 112. A method according to claim 48, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 113. A method according to claim 48, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 114. A method according to claim 49, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 115. A method according to claim 114, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 116. A method according to claim 49, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 117. A method according to claim 49, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 118. A method according to claim 58, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 119. A method according to claim 118, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 120. A method according to claim 58, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 121. A method according to claim 58, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 122. A method according to claim 75, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 123. A method according to claim 122, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 124. A method according to claim 75, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 125. A method according to claim 75, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 126. A method according to claim 76, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glycerol monooleate. 127. A method according to claim 126, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 128. A method according to claim 76, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 129. A method according to claim 76, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 130. A therapeutic liquid or semisolid formulation, which forms a liquid crystalline state, the formulation comprising: (i) from about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof;(ii) solvent; and(iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in a therapeutically-effective amount, which is dissolved in the formulation. 131. An absorbent article comprising (a) an absorbent layer comprising a liquid-permeable and moisture vapor-permeable outer layer having an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface essentially coextensive with an outer surface of the absorbent layer; (b) a liquid-permeable liner, adapted to be non-adherent to a wound, having a surface that is substantially coextensive with an inner surface of the absorbent layer such that the absorbent layer is located between the liquid-permeable liner and the outer layer; and (c) a liquid or semisolid formulation, which forms a liquid crystalline state, present on at least a portion of a surface of the liquid-permeable liner opposite that which is coextensive with the inner surface of the outer layer, wherein the formulation comprises: (i) from about 25% to about 99% by weight liquid-crystal forming compound, which is a fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of glyceryl monoarachidonate, glyceryl monolinoleate, glyceryl monolinolenate, glyceryl monopalmitoleate, glyceryl monooleate, glyceryl monoerucate, propylene glycyl monoarachidonate, propylene glycyl monolinoleate, propylene glycyl monolinolenate, propylene glycyl monopalmitoleate, propylene glycyl monooleate, and combinations thereof;(ii) solvent; and(iii) a fatty acid combination selected from the group consisting of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which is dissolved in the formulation. 132. A thrombin inhibitor formulation according to claim 11, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 133. A thrombin inhibitor formulation according to claim 132, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 134. A thrombin inhibitor formulation according to claim 11, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 135. A medical cosmetic formulation according to claim 14, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is at least glyceryl monooleate. 136. A medical cosmetic formulation according to claim 135, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid. 137. A medical cosmetic formulation according to claim 14, wherein the liquid-crystal forming compound is glyceryl monooleate. 138. A medical cosmetic formulation according to claim 14, wherein the fatty acid combination is at least capric acid and lauric acid.