최소 단어 이상 선택하여야 합니다.
최대 10 단어까지만 선택 가능합니다.
다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
NTIS 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
DataON 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Edison 바로가기다음과 같은 기능을 한번의 로그인으로 사용 할 수 있습니다.
Kafe 바로가기국가/구분 | United States(US) Patent 등록 |
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국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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출원번호 | US-0648915 (2007-01-03) |
등록번호 | US-RE44507 (2013-09-24) |
우선권정보 | KR-97-65375 (1997-12-02); KR-98-11923 (1998-04-04) |
발명자 / 주소 |
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
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인용정보 | 피인용 횟수 : 0 인용 특허 : 33 |
An orthogonal complex spreading method for a multichannel and an apparatus thereof are disclosed. The method includes the steps of complex-summing αn1WM,n1Xn1 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence WM,n1 by a first data Xn1 of a n-th block and αn2WM,n2Xn2 which is obtained
An orthogonal complex spreading method for a multichannel and an apparatus thereof are disclosed. The method includes the steps of complex-summing αn1WM,n1Xn1 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence WM,n1 by a first data Xn1 of a n-th block and αn2WM,n2Xn2 which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal Hadamard sequence W1,n2 by a second data Xn2 of a n-th block; complex-multiplying αn1WM,n1Xn1+jαn2WM,n2Xn2 which is summed in the complex type and WM,n3+jPWM,n4 of the complex type using a complex multiplier and outputting as an in-phase information and quadrature phase information; and summing only in-phase information outputted from a plurality of blocks and only quadrature phase information outputted therefrom and spreading the same using a spreading code.
1. An orthogonal complex spreading method for multiple channels, comprising the steps of: complex-summing WM,n1Xn1, which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence WM,n1 by first data group Xn1 of a n-th block, and WM,n2Xn2, which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence W
1. An orthogonal complex spreading method for multiple channels, comprising the steps of: complex-summing WM,n1Xn1, which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence WM,n1 by first data group Xn1 of a n-th block, and WM,n2Xn2, which is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence WM,n2 by second data group Xn2 of a n-th block, M and n being positive integers;complex-multiplying the complex summed form of WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2, by a complex form of WM,n3+jWM,n4 and outputting (WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2)×(WM,n3+jWM,n4) as an output signal; andsumming in-phase and quadrature phase parts of the output signal outputted from a plurality of blocks as (∑Kn=1((WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2)×(WM,n3+jWM,n4))), K is a predetermined integer greater than or equal to 1 to generate I channel and Q channel signal. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein a spreading code spreads the summed in-phase and quadrature-phase signals outputted from the summing step. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence. 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code. 5. The method of claim 2 wherein said spreading code is one spreading code. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein said spreading code sequence includes a PN code. 7. The method of claim 5 wherein said spreading code includes a first spreading code for the in-phase signal and a second spreading code for the quadrature-phase signal. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein the first and second spreading codes are PN codes. 9. The method of claim 3 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W2, and WM,13=W0, WM,14=W1, when M=4. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein M=8 and WM,12=W4. 11. The method of claim 3 wherein WM,n1=W0, WM,n2=W2p, where p represents a predetermined number in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1, and WM,n3=W2n−2, WM,n4=W2n−1. 12. The method of claim 3 wherein WM,21=W0, WM,22=W4, WM,23=W2, WM,24=W3 when M=8 in case of two channels. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein WM,12=W6, and WM,22=W6. 14. An orthogonal complex spreading apparatus, comprising: a plurality of complex multiplication blocks, each for complex-multiplexing a complex signal WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2 by WM,n3+jWM,n4 wherein WM,n1Xn1 is obtained by multiplying an orthogonal code sequence WM,n1 by first data group Xn1 of n-th block and WM,n2Xn2 is obtained by multiplying orthogonal sequence WM,n2 by second data group Xn2 of the n-th block, wherein M and n are positive integers and WM,n1, WM,n2, WM,n3 and WM,n4 are predetermined orthogonal sequences; anda summing unit for summing in-phase and quadrature phase parts of an output signal from each block of the plurality of the complex multiplication blocks as (∑Kn=1((αn1WM,n1Xn1+jαn2WM,n2Xn2)×(WM,n3+jWM,n4))),K is a predetermined integer greater than or equal to 1. 15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising a spreading unit for multiplying the summed in-phase and quadrature phase signals inputted from the summing unit by spreading code. 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein said spreading unit multiplies the in-phase and quadrature phase part by different spreading codes. 17. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein each said complex multiplication block includes: a first multiplier for multiplying the first data group Xn1 by the orthogonal code sequence WM,n1;a second multiplier for multiplying the second data group Xn2 by the orthogonal code sequence WM,n2;third and fourth multipliers for multiplying the output signal WM,n1Xn1 from the first multiplier and the output signal WM,n2Xn2 from the second multiplier by orthogonal code sequence WM,n3;fifth and sixth multipliers for multiplying the output signal WM,n1Xn1 from the first multiplier and the output signal WM,n2Xn2 from the second multiplier by orthogonal code sequence WM,n4;a first adder for subtracting output signal from the sixth multiplier from output signal (ac) from the third multiplier and outputting an in-phase information; anda second adder for summing output signal from the fourth multiplier and output signal from the fifth multiplier and outputting quadrature phase information. 18. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence. 19. The apparatus of claim 17 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code. 20. A permuted orthogonal complex spreading method for multiple channels allocating at least two input channels to first and second groups, comprising the steps of: multiplying a predetermined orthogonal code sequence WM,n1 by first data group Xn1;multiplying orthogonal code sequence WM,n2 by second data group Xn2;summing output signals WM,n1Xn1 and WM,n2Xn2 in the complex form of ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2); andcomplex-multiplying the received output signal ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2)by(WM,1+jPWM,Q) wherein P is a predetermined sequence, and WM,I and WM,Q are orthogonal code sequences. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the spreading code is a PN code. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein P represents said predetermined sequence or predetermined spreading code or predetermined integer configured so that two consecutive sequences have identical values. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence. 24. The method of claim 20 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code. 25. The method of claim 23 wherein WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W2q+1 (where q represents a predetermined number in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1). 26. The method of claim 23 further comprising the steps of: multiplying the first data group Xn1 by gain αn1; andmultiplying the second data group Xn2 by gain αn2. 27. The method of claim 23 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W2, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1, when M=4. 28. The method of claim 27 wherein M=8 and WM,12=W4. 29. The method of claim 23 wherein WM,n1=W0, WM,n2=W2q+1, wherein q represents a predetermined number in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1 and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1. 30. The method of claim 20 wherein each group has at least two channels and the receiving step includes the steps of: summing output signals WM,n1Xn1 from a first sequence multiplier; andsumming output signals WM,n2Xn2 from a second sequence multiplier. 31. A permuted orthogonal complex spreading apparatus for multiple channels, allocating at least two input channels to first and second groups, comprising: a first multiplier block having at least one channel contained in a first group of channels, each for outputting WM,n1Xn1 which is obtained by multiplying first data group Xn1 by orthogonal code sequence WM,n1, M and n are positive integers;a second multiplier block having a number of channels having at least one channel contained in a second group of channels, each for outputting WM,n2Xn2 which is obtained by multiplying a first data group Xn2 by orthogonal code sequence WM,n2;a complex multiplier for receiving the output signals from the first and the second multiplier blocks in a complex form of ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2) and complex-multiplying received output signal by WM,I+jPWM,Q, wherein WM,I and WM,Q are predetermined orthogonal code sequence permuted and P is a predetermined sequence. 32. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Hadamard code sequence. 33. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein said orthogonal code sequence includes a Walsh code. 34. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4, WM,21=W2, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1, when M=8 in case of three input channels. 35. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W2, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1 in case of three input channels. 36. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4, WM,21=W2, WM,31=W6, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1 in case of four input channels. 37. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4, WM,31=W2, WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1 and WM,21=W8 in case of four input channels. 38. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4, WM,21=W2, WM,31=W6, WM,22=W1, and WM,IW0, WM,Q=W1 in case of five input channels. 39. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,n1=W0, WM,12=W4, WM,21=W2, WM,31=W6, WM,22=W3, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1 in case of five channels. 40. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4, WM,31W2, WM,22=W6, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1 and WM,21=W8 in case of five input channels. 41. The apparatus of claim 36 wherein W0X11+jW4X12, W2X21 and W6X31 are replaced by α11W0X11+jα12W4X12, α21W2X21 and α31W6X31, and a gain αn1 and a gain αn2 are the identical gain in order to remove the phase dependency by an interference occurring in a multipath of a self signal and an interference occurring by other users. 42. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein WM,n1=W0, WM,n2=W2, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1. 43. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the first multiplier block comprises at least a third multiplier for multiplying the first data group Xn1 by gain αn1, and the second multiplier block comprises at least a fourth multiplier the second data group Xn2 by gain αn2. 44. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4/1, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1/4, when M=8 in case of two input channels. 45. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W4/1, WM,21=W2, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1/4, when M=8 in case of three input channels. 46. The method of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W2/1, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1/2, when M=8 in case of two input channels. 47. The apparatus of claim 32 wherein WM,11=W0, WM,12=W2/1, WM,21=W4, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1/2, when M=8 in case of three input channels. 48. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein each group has at least the two input channels, further comprising: a first adder for outputting ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1) by summing output signals from the first multiplier block; anda second adder for outputting ∑Kn=1(WM,n2Xn2) by summing output signals from the second multiplier block. 49. The apparatus of claim 31 further comprising: a spreading unit for multiplying the signal ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2) received by the complex multiplier by a spreading code. 50. The apparatus of claim 49 wherein the spreading unit respectively multiplies the in-phase and quadrature-phase parts by different spreading codes. 51. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein WM,n1, WM,n2, WM,I, and WM,Q are orthogonal Hadamard sequences. 52. The apparatus of claim 31 wherein the complex multiplier includes: fifth and sixth multipliers for multiplying said output signal from the first multiplier block and said output signal from the second sequence multiplier by orthogonal sequence WM,I;seventh and eighth multipliers for multiplying said output signal from the first multiplier block and output signal αn2WM,n2Xn2 from the second multiplier block by orthogonal sequence WM,Q;a third adder for subtracting output signal from the eighth multiplier from output signal from the fifth multiplier to output an in-phase information; anda second adder for summing output signal from the sixth multiplier and output signal from the seventh multiplier to output quadrature-phase information. 53. A permuted orthogonal complex spreading apparatus for multiple channels, allocating at least two input channels into first and second groups, comprising: first and second multiplier blocks for respectively multiplying first and second data group Xn1, and Xn2 with a set of predetermined orthogonal sequences WM,n1, and WM,n2 to output WM,n1Xn1 and WM,n2Xn2;a complex multiplier for receiving the output signals WM,n1Xn1 and WM,n2Xn2 from the first and the second multiplier blocks in the complex form of ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2) and multiplying a received signal ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1+jWM,n2Xn2) by a predetermined sequence (WM,I+jPWM,Q)×SC, wherein WM,I, WM,Q are predetermined orthogonal sequences, P is a predetermined sequence and SC is a spreading sequence. 54. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein each group has at least two input channels, further comprising: a first adder for outputting ∑Kn=1(WM,n1Xn1) by summing output signals from the first sequence multiplier; anda second adder for outputting ∑Kn=1(WM,n2Xn2) by summing output signals from the second sequence multiplier. 55. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein the first sequence multiplier comprises at least one first gain multiplier for multiplying the data Xn1, of each channel of the first group by gain αn1, and the second sequence multiplier comprises at least one second gain multiplier for multiplying the data Xn2 of each channel of the second group by gain αn2. 56. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein WM,n1=W0, WM,n2W2p, and WM,I=W0, WM,Q=W1, where p represents a predetermined integer in a range from 0 to (M/2)−1. 57. The apparatus of claim 53 wherein WM,n1, WM,n2, WM,I, and WM,Q are orthogonal Hadamard sequences. 58. A spreading method for a mobile communication device, the mobile communication device being capable of supporting a plurality of channels, the method comprising: generating a first signal, a, based on at least one of the inputs to one of the plurality of channels, a first code, and a first gain;generating a second signal, b, based on at least another of the inputs to another of the plurality of channels, a second code, and a second gain;nonrandomly generating modulated data at least based on values representing e·a-e·b·d and e·b+e·a·d, wherein d is a third signal based on at least a first sequence of elements, wherein the elements in the first sequence of elements nonrandomly alternate between a first value and a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein e is a second sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the second sequence have the first value and the other elements in the second sequence have the second value. 59. The method of claim 58 wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain. 61. The method of claim 59, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 62. The method of claim 59, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 63. The method of claim 62, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 64. The method of claim 59, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 65. The method of claim 64, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 66. The method of claim 58, wherein the second sequence is a first PN code. 67. The method of claim 66, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 68. The method of claim 58 or claim 66, wherein the first code is orthogonal to the second code. 69. The method of claim 58 or claim 66, wherein the first code and the second code are even-numbered Walsh codes. 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain. 71. The method of claim 69, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 72. The method of claim 66, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements and the first code is orthogonal to the second code. 73. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a second PN code. 74. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a spreading sequence. 75. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein one or more of the elements in the third sequence of elements have the first value and the remaining elements in the third sequence of elements have the second value, wherein for the (2N−1)th element in the third sequence of elements, the value of the (2N−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2N)th element in the third sequence of elements, where N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 76. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements. 77. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 78. The method of claim 94 or claim 72, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements and wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 79. The method of claim 78, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain. 80. The method of claim 79, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 81. The method of claim 80, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 82. The method of claim 81, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 83. The method of claim 80, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 85. The method of claim 79, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 87. The method of claim 79, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 89. The method of claim 78, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 90. The method of claim 78, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 91. The method of claim 90, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 92. The method of claim 78, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 93. The method of claim 92, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 94. The method of claim 58, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements. 95. The method of claim 94, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain. 96. The method of claim 58, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the one of the inputs, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the another of the inputs, the second code, and the second gain. 97. The method of claim 96, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 98. The method of claim 58, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 99. The method of claim 58, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 100. The method of claim 99, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 101. The method of claim 58, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 102. The method of claim 101, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 103. The method of claim 58, wherein the second sequence of elements is a spreading sequence. 104. A mobile communications device, comprising: a first signal generator configured to generate a first signal, a, based on at least a first input, a first code, and a first gain;a second signal generator configured to generate a second signal, b, based on at least a second input, a second code, and a second gain, wherein the first code is orthogonal to the second code; andan output generator configured to nonrandomly generate modulated data at least based on values representing e·a-e·b·d and e·b+e·a·d, wherein d is a third signal based on at least a first sequence of elements, wherein the elements in the first sequence of elements nonrandomly alternate between a first value and a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein e is a second sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the second sequence have the first value and the other elements in the second sequence have the second value. 105. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 106. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 107. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 108. The apparatus of claim 107, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 109. The apparatus of claim 105, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 110. The apparatus of claim 109, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 111. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the second sequence of elements is a first PN code. 112. The apparatus of claim 111, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 113. The apparatus of claim 104 or claim 111, wherein the first code and the second code include Walsh codes. 114. The apparatus of claim 104 or claim 111, wherein the first code and the second code are even-numbered Walsh codes. 115. The apparatus of claim 114, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 116. The apparatus of claim 111, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements. 117. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a second PN code. 118. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third sequence of elements is generated based on a spreading sequence. 119. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein one or more of the elements in the third sequence of elements have the first value and the remaining elements in the third sequence of elements have the second value, wherein for the (2N−1)th element in the third sequence of elements, the value of the (2N−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2N)th element in the third sequence of elements, where N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 120. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements. 121. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 122. The apparatus of claim 132 or claim 116, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence of elements and the third sequence of elements and wherein the third sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 123. The apparatus of claim 122, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 124. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 125. The apparatus of claim 124, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 126. The apparatus of claim 123, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 127. The apparatus of claim 126, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 128. The apparatus of claim 122, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for the (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of the (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 129. The apparatus of claim 128, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 130. The apparatus of claim 122, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 131. The apparatus of claim 130, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 132. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence of elements. 133. The apparatus of claim 132, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 134. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 135. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 136. The apparatus of claim 135, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for the (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of the (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 137. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 138. The apparatus of claim 137, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 139. The apparatus of claim 104, wherein the second sequence of elements is a spreading sequence. 140. A spreading method for a mobile communication device, the mobile communication device being capable of supporting one or more first input channels and one or more second input channels, the method comprising: generating a first output, a, based on at least one or more first inputs to the one or more first input channels, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains;generating a second output, b, based on at least one or more second inputs to the one or more second input channels, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each of the one or more first codes is orthogonal to each of the one or more second codes;nonrandomly generating modulated data at least based on values representing (a+jb)·(1+jP·W)·e, wherein e is a first sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the first sequence have a first value and the other elements in the first sequence have a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein W is a second sequence of elements and wherein P is a third sequence of elements. 141. The method of claim 140, wherein the second sequence is W1. 142. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 143. The method of claim 142, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 144. The method of claim 143, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 145. The method of claim 142, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 146. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein P is generated based on a PN code. 147. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein e is a spreading sequence. 148. The method of claim 140, claim 141, claim 170 or claim 174, wherein e is a PN code. 149. The method of claim 141, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 150. The method of claim 149, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 151. The method of claim 150, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 152. The method of claim 151, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 153. The method of claim 150, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 154. The method of claim 153, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 155. The method of claim 149, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 156. The method of claim 155, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 157. The method of claim 149, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 158. The method of claim 157, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 159. The method of claim 141, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 160. The method of claim 159, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 161. The method of claim 160, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 162. The method of claim 159, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 163. The method of claim 162, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 164. The apparatus of claim 163 or claim 180, wherein the first code and the second code are even-numbered Walsh codes. 165. The apparatus of claim 164, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 166. The method of claim 141, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)thelement is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 167. The method of claim 166, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 168. The method of claim 141, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 169. The method of claim 168, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 170. The method of claim 140, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes. 171. The method of claim 170, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 172. The method of claim 171, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 173. The method of claim 170, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 174. The method of claim 140, wherein the (2N−1)th element in the second sequence of elements has the first value and the (2N)th element in the second sequence of elements has the second value, wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 175. The method of claim 140, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 176. The method of claim 175, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 177. The method of claim 176, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 178. The method of claim 177, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 179. The method of claim 176, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 180. The method of claim 179, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 181. The method of claim 175, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 182. The method of claim 181, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 183. The method of claim 175, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 184. The method of claim 183, wherein the second output consists of a sequence ofpairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 185. The method of claim 140, further comprising transmitting the modulated data through an antenna. 186. The method of claim 185, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 187. The method of claim 186, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 188. The method of claim 185, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 189. The method of claim 188, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 190. The method of claim 140, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements, whereinfor each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 191. The method of claim 190, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements,for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value, andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 192. The method of claim 140, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 193. The method of claim 192, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 194. A mobile communications device, comprising: a first output generator configured to generate a first output, a, based on at least one or more first inputs, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains;a second output generator configured to generate a second output, b, based on at least one or more second inputs, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each of the one or more first codes is orthogonal to each of the one or more second codes; andan output generator configured to nonrandomly generate modulated data at least based on values representing (a+jb)·(1+jP·W)·e, wherein e is a first sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the first sequence have a first value and the other elements in the first sequence have a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein W is a second sequence of elements and wherein P is a third sequence of elements. 195. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the second sequence of elements is W1. 196. The apparatus of claim 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein the third sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 197. The apparatus of claims 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein P is generated based on a PN code. 198. The apparatus of claim 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein e is a spreading sequence. 199. The apparatus of claim 194, claim 195, claim 209, or claim 211, wherein e is a PN code. 200. The apparatus of claim 195, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 201. The apparatus of claim 200, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 202. The apparatus of claim 201, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 203. The apparatus of claim 200, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 204. The apparatus of claim 203, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 205. The apparatus of claim 195, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 206. The apparatus of claim 205, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 207. The apparatus of claim 195, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 208. The apparatus of claim 207, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 209. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes. 210. The apparatus of claim 209, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 211. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the (2N−1)th element in the second sequence of elements has the first value and the (2N)th element in the second sequence of elements has the second value, wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 212. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 213. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 214. The apparatus of claim 213, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 215. The apparatus of claim 211, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 216. The apparatus of claim 215, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 217. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 218. The apparatus of claim 217, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 219. The apparatus of claim 218, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 220. The apparatus of claim 217, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 221. The apparatus of claim 220, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 222. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 223. The apparatus of claim 222, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 224. The apparatus of claim 194, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 225. The apparatus of claim 224, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 226. A spreading method for a mobile communication device, the mobile communication device being capable of spreading one or more first inputs and one or more second inputs to a plurality of channels, the method comprising: generating a first output, a, based on at least the one or more first inputs, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains;generating a second output, b, based on at least the one or more second inputs, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each of the one or more first codes is orthogonal to each of the one or more second codes;receiving a first sequence of elements, W;receiving a second sequence of elements, P; andnonrandomly outputting (a+jb)·(1+jP·W). 227. The method of claim 226, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 228. The method of claim 226, claim 227, or claim 252, wherein the second sequence of elements consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having a first value or two elements both having a second value and wherein the first value is different from the second value. 229. The method of claim 228, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 230. The method of claim 229, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 231. The method of claim 230, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 232. The method of claim 231, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 233. The method of claim 230, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 234. The method of claim 233, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 235. The method of claim 228, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 236. The method of claim 226, claim 227, claim 252 or claim 256, wherein P is generated based on a PN code. 237. The method of claim 238, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 238. The method of claim 227, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 239. The method of claim 238, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 240. The method of claim 239, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 241. The method of claim 238, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 242. The method of claim 241, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 243. The method of claim 227, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 244. The method of claim 243, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 245. The method of claim 244, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 246. The method of claim 243, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 247. The method of claim 246, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 248. The method of claim 227, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 249. The method of claim 248, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 250. The method of claim 227, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 251. The method of claim 250, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 252. The method of claim 226, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes. 253. The method of claim 252, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 254. The method of claim 253, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 255. The method of claim 252, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 256. The method of claim 226, wherein the (2N-1)th element in the first sequence of elements has a first value and the (2N)th element in the first sequence of elements has a second value, wherein the first value is different from the second value and wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 257. The method of claim 226, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 258. The method of claim 257, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 259. The method of claim 258, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 260. The method of claim 259, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 261. The method of claim 258, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 262. The method of claim 261, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 263. The method of claim 257, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 264. The method of claim 263, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 265. The method of claim 257, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 266. The method of claim 265, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 267. The method of claim 226, further comprising: generating a modulated signal using the outputted (a+jb)·(1+jP·W); andtransmitting the modulated signal through an antenna. 268. The method of claim 267, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 269. The method of claim 268, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 270. The method of claim 267, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 271. The method of claim 270, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 272. The method of claim 226, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 273. The method of claim 272, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 274. The method of claim 226, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 275. The method of claim 274, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 276. A spreading apparatus, comprising: a first output generator configured to generate a first output, a, based on at least one or more first inputs, one or more first codes, and one or more first gains;a second output generator configured to generate a second output, b, based on at least one or more second inputs, one or more second codes, and one or more second gains, wherein each one of the one or more first codes are orthogonal to each one of the one or more second codes;a first sequence receiving unit configured to receive a first sequence of elements, W;a second sequence receiving unit configured to receive a second sequence of elements, P; andan output unit configured to nonrandomly output (a+jb)·(1+jP·W). 277. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 278. The apparatus of claim 276, claim 277, or claim 290, wherein the second sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having a first value or two elements both having a second value and wherein the first value is different from the second value. 279. The apparatus of claim 278, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 280. The apparatus of claim 279, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 281. The apparatus of claim 280, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 282. The apparatus of claim 279, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 283. The apparatus of claim 282, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 284. The apparatus of claim 276, claim 277, claim 290 or claim 292, wherein P is generated based on a PN code. 285. The apparatus of claim 277, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 286. The apparatus of claim 277, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 287. The apparatus of claim 286, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 288. The apparatus of claim 277, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 289. The apparatus of claim 288, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 290. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the one or more first codes and the one or more second codes are even-numbered Walsh codes. 291. The apparatus of claim 290, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 292. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the (2N−1)th element in the first sequence of elements has a first value and the (2N)th element in the first sequence of elements has a second value, wherein the first value is different from the second value and wherein N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 293. The apparatus of claim 292, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 294. The apparatus of claim 293, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 295. The apparatus of claim 292, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 296. The apparatus of claim 295, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 297. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein: the first output is generated based on summing one or more first multiplications, each first multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more first inputs, one of the one or more first codes, and one of the one or more first gains; andthe second output is generated based on summing one or more second multiplications, each second multiplication generated by multiplying one of the one or more second inputs, one of the one or more second codes, and one of the one or more second gains. 298. The apparatus of claim 297, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 299. The apparatus of claim 298, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 300. The apparatus of claim 297, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 301. The apparatus of claim 300, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 302. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein: each of the one or more first codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more first codes, one or more of the elements in the respective first code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2M−1)th element of each of the one or more first codes, the value of the (2M−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2M)th element, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 303. The apparatus of claim 302, wherein: each of the one or more second codes consists of elements;for each of the one or more second codes, one or more of the elements in the respective second code have the first value and the remaining elements have the second value; andfor the (2K−1)th element of each of the one or more second codes, the value of the (2K−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2K)th element, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 304. The apparatus of claim 276, wherein the first output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 305. The apparatus of claim 304, wherein the second output consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 306. An apparatus for wireless communications, comprising: means for generating a first signal, a, based on at least a first input, a first code, and a first gain;means for generating a second signal, b, based on at least a second input, a second code, and a second gain; andmeans for nonrandomly generating modulated data at least based on values representing e·a-e·b·d and e·b+e·a·d, wherein d is a third signal based on at least a first sequence of elements, wherein the elements in the first sequence of elements nonrandomly alternate between a first value and a second value, the first value being different from the second value, wherein e is a second sequence of elements, wherein some of the elements in the second sequence have the first value and the other elements in the second sequence have the second value. 307. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 308. The apparatus of claim 307, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 309. The apparatus of claim 307, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 310. The apparatus of claim 309, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 311. The apparatus of claim 307, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 312. The apparatus of claim 311, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 313. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the second sequence is a first PN code. 314. The apparatus of claim 313, wherein the first sequence of elements is W1. 315. The apparatus of claim 306 or claim 313, wherein the first code and the second code include Walsh codes. 316. The apparatus of claim 313, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence and the first code is orthogonal to the second code. 317. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence is generated based on a second PN code. 318. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence is generated based on a spreading sequence. 319. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence consists of elements, one or more of the elements having the first value and the remaining elements having the second value, wherein for the (2N−1)th element in the third sequence, the value of the (2N−1)th element is the same as the value of the (2N)th element, where N is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 320. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence and the third sequence. 321. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 322. The apparatus of claim 332 or claim 316, wherein the third signal is a multiplication of the first sequence and the third sequence and wherein the third sequence consists of a sequence of groups, wherein each of the groups consists of either two elements both having the first value or two elements both having the second value. 323. The apparatus of claim 322, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 324. The apparatus of claim 323, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 325. The apparatus of claim 324, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 326. The apparatus of claim 323, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 327. The apparatus of claim 326, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 328. The apparatus of claim 322, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 329. The apparatus of claim 328, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K−1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 330. The apparatus of claim 322, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 331. The apparatus of claim 330, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 332. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the third signal is further based on a third sequence and the first code is orthogonal to the second code. 333. The apparatus of claim 332, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 334. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first signal is generated based on at least a fourth signal generated by multiplying the first input, the first code, and the first gain, and the second signal is generated based on at least a fifth signal generated by multiplying the second input, the second code, and the second gain. 335. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the first code having the first value and the remaining elements of the first code having the second value, wherein for each (2M−1)th element of the first code, the value of the (2M−1)th element of the first code is the same as the value of a (2M)th element of the first code, where M is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 336. The apparatus of claim 335, wherein the second code consists of elements, one or more of the elements of the second code having the first value and the remaining elements of the second code having the second value, wherein for each (2K·1)th element of the second code, the value of the (2K−1)th element of the second code is the same as the value of a (2K)th element of the second code, where K is a series of sequential positive integers beginning at 1. 337. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the first signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 338. The apparatus of claim 337, wherein the second signal consists of a sequence of pairs of elements, wherein each pair of elements consists of two elements both having a same value. 339. The apparatus of claim 306, wherein the second sequence of elements is a spreading sequence.
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