Systems and methods for aerosol delivery of agents
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
A61M-011/00
B05B-017/06
출원번호
US-0796313
(2007-04-27)
등록번호
US-8544462
(2013-10-01)
발명자
/ 주소
Papania, Mark James
Barry, James J.
Elkouh, Nabil A.
Bagley, Mark C.
출원인 / 주소
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
대리인 / 주소
Klarquist Sparkman, LLP
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
51
초록▼
Aerosol delivery systems and methods for delivering an agent to a patient are described herein. In particular embodiments, an insulated receptacle is connected to a housing and holds a vial of an agent to be delivered to a patient. The vial is located in an inverted position within the receptacle. O
Aerosol delivery systems and methods for delivering an agent to a patient are described herein. In particular embodiments, an insulated receptacle is connected to a housing and holds a vial of an agent to be delivered to a patient. The vial is located in an inverted position within the receptacle. One or more reusable thermal packs can be located on the inner sides of the receptacle, to maintain a selected temperature surrounding the vial. The agent is administered to a patient by placing a prong into one of the patient's orifices and then activating an aerosol delivery system. Such systems can include jet aerosolization and pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers and preferably are portable.
대표청구항▼
1. A system for administering an agent, comprising: a housing;an air source operable to provide positive pressure air;a nebulizer operable for receiving an agent from a vial coupled to the housing and converting the agent into an aerosolized agent;a mixing chamber to receive the aerosolized agent fr
1. A system for administering an agent, comprising: a housing;an air source operable to provide positive pressure air;a nebulizer operable for receiving an agent from a vial coupled to the housing and converting the agent into an aerosolized agent;a mixing chamber to receive the aerosolized agent from the nebulizer and air from the air source;a release mechanism operable for releasing a quantity of the agent from the vial to the nebulizer, wherein the agent is converted into an aerosolized agent that is mixed with air from the air source in the mixing chamber; anda prong with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is operable to receive the aerosolized agent and air mixture from the mixing chamber, and the outlet is operable to deliver the aerosolized agent and air mixture to a patient when the prong is inserted into a patient's orifice;wherein said nebulizer comprises a pair of spaced apart plate members defining a liquid-receiving chamber therebetween adapted to receive the quantity of agent from the vial, one of said plate members having a plurality of orifices extending therethrough through which liquid may be forced from the chamber to produce droplets of agent, and the nebulizer further comprises an actuating mechanism operable to reciprocate at least one of said plate members toward the other in a compression actuation to force liquid from said chamber through said orifices;wherein the release mechanism is electrically coupled to the nebulizer such that upon activation of the release mechanism, the release mechanism sends a signal to the nebulizer to cause the nebulizer to move the at least one of said plate members repeatedly toward and away from the other plate member to expel agent from the chamber until another signal is sent to the nebulizer to cease movement of the at least one of said plate members. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the air source is contained within the housing. 3. The system of claim 1, which further comprises a source of electrical energy connected to the nebulizer. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the air source comprises a compressed air chamber coupled to said housing. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said air source comprises an external source of compressed air. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the release mechanism comprises a manually activated trigger on said housing. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said trigger is operatively coupled to said nebulizer and air source such that upon actuation of the trigger the nebulizer produces aerosolized agent and air under pressure is mixed with the aerosolized agent for delivery to a patient. 8. The system of claim 7 which further comprises a timing circuit, which upon activation of the trigger controls the timing of the release of agent from the vial to the nebulizer, conversion of the agent into an aerosol, mixture of the aerosolized agent with air, and delivery of the aerosolized agent and air mixture to a patient. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the prong comprises a hollow tube configured to fit closely in a patient's naris. 10. The system of claim 1, which further comprises an agent probe operable to extend into said vial to permit drawing the agent from the vial. 11. The system of claim 10, which further includes a vent probe capable of extending into the vial to admit air into the vial as agent is drawn therefrom via said agent probe. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein said air source comprises an air chamber within said housing. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein said air source comprises a manually actuated pump on said housing. 14. The system of claim 1, which further comprises a battery coupled to said housing and connected to the nebulizer. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein said battery is rechargeable, and said system comprises an AC power converter coupled to said housing. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein said battery is rechargeable, and which further comprises a manually actuated dynamo mounted on said housing and operatively connected to said battery for recharging the battery. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein the prong comprises an elongate tubular member having an aerosol inlet portion adjacent one of its ends and a patient engaging portion adjacent its opposite end configured to fit closely in the patient's orifice. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein said nebulizer comprises an ultrasonic nebulizer. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein said actuating mechanism comprises a piezoelectric actuator operatively connected to a power source. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein said orifices are sized to produce droplets of agent in a size range of from 4 to 10 microns. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein said chamber is operatively coupled to said vial whereby agent may flow from said vial to the chamber, and upon movement of the plate members away from their compression actuation serves to draw agent from the vial into the chamber. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein said actuating mechanism comprises a reciprocating member mounted for reciprocation, such that upon extension the reciprocating member presses said at least one of said plate members toward the other plate member, and upon retraction allows said at least one of said plate members to move away from the other member. 23. The system of claim 22, wherein said reciprocating member comprises a fluid-actuated reciprocating piston operatively connected to said air source whereby application of positive pressure air thereto produces reciprocation of the piston to produce aerosolized agent and also to channel air into the mixing chamber to mix with the aerosolized agent. 24. The system of claim 23, which further comprises a biasing element operatively coupled to said piston to assist in reciprocation thereof. 25. The system of claim 1, further comprising a cooling chamber connected to the housing, the cooling chamber being adapted to receive the vial and being operable to maintain the agent at a selected temperature. 26. The system of claim 25, wherein the cooling chamber comprises a replaceable ice pack. 27. The system of claim 25, wherein the vial has a selected external configuration, and said cooling chamber has an internal configuration shaped to closely fit about the external configuration of said vial. 28. The system of claim 1, further comprising an anti-backflow valve between the mixing chamber and the prong outlet, operable to permit flow from the mixing chamber to the prong, and to inhibit flow in a reverse direction. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the prong comprises multiple internal channel portions in angularly disposed relation to each other so that a direct path does not exist from the prong outlet through the anti-backflow valve. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the prong comprises an elongate tubular member having an aerosol inlet portion adjacent one of its ends and a patient engaging portion adjacent its opposite end configured to fit closely in the patient's orifice, wherein said anti-backflow valve is positioned in said prong intermediate said aerosol inlet portion and patient engaging portion. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein said prong comprises a prong body and said anti-backflow valve comprises a valve seat, a valve closure member shiftable toward and away from the valve seat between closed and opened positions, and a plurality of support members operatively connecting said valve member to the prong body permitting shifting of the valve member between its opened and closed positions under the influence of the direction of air pressure imposed upon the valve member. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein said valve member is substantially conical. 33. The system of claim 31, wherein said support members comprise leaf springs. 34. An apparatus for administering a therapeutic agent to a patient, comprising: a housing;a removable container coupled to the housing and containing an agent to be aerosolized;an ultrasonic nebulizer comprising an actuator, a first member, and a second member spaced from the first member and having a plurality of agent-ejecting orifices formed therein, the first and second members defining a liquid-receiving chamber adapted to receive a quantity of agent from the container; anda fluid conduit fluidly connected to the container and the liquid-receiving chamber to allow agent in the container to flow into the liquid-receiving chamber;wherein the actuator is operable to reciprocate the first member toward and away from the second member such that agent in the liquid-receiving chamber is forced through the orifices to aerosolize the agent when the first member is moved toward the second member and such that agent from the container flows into the liquid-receiving chamber when the first member is moved away from the second member. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the container comprises a cap and the fluid conduit comprises a probe having a pointed end, the probe piercing and extending through the cap to draw fluid therefrom. 36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the cap comprises an elastomeric material. 37. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the agent in the container can flow into the liquid-receiving chamber via the fluid conduit without the inside of the container being pressurized. 38. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the container comprises a vial. 39. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising a vent probe extending into the container, the vent probe configured to allow outside air to be drawn into the container as agent flows outwardly from the container into the fluid conduit. 40. The apparatus of claim 34, further comprising: a gas source operable to provide pressurized gas;a mixing chamber configured to receive aerosolized agent from the nebulizer and pressurized gas from the gas source to provide a mixture of gas and aerosolized agent;a prong with an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet is operable to receive the aerosolized agent and gas mixture from the mixing chamber, and the outlet is operable to deliver the aerosolized agent and gas mixture to a patient when the prong is inserted into a patient's orifice; andan anti-backflow valve between the mixing chamber and the prong outlet, operable to permit flow from the mixing chamber to the prong, and to inhibit flow in a reverse direction. 41. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the actuator comprises a piezeoelectric actuator operatively coupled to a power source. 42. An apparatus for administering a therapeutic agent to a patient, comprising: a housing;a removable container coupled to the housing and containing an agent to be aerosolized; anda nebulizer comprising an actuator, a first member, and a second member spaced from the first member and having a plurality of agent-ejecting orifices formed therein, the first and second members defining a liquid-receiving chamber adapted to receive a quantity of agent from the container; andwherein the actuator is operable to reciprocate the first member toward and away from the second member such that agent in the liquid-receiving chamber is forced through the orifices to aerosolize the agent when the first member is moved toward the second member and such that agent from the container flows into the liquid-receiving chamber when the first member is moved away from the second member. 43. The apparatus of claim 42, further comprising a probe that pierces and extends into the container, the probe being fluidly coupled to the liquid-receiving chamber to allow agent to flow from the container to the liquid-receiving chamber via the probe. 44. The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising a flexible tube connected between the probe and the liquid-receiving chamber to allow agent in the container to flow through the probe, the flexible tube, and into the liquid-receiving chamber. 45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the probe is configured to pierce a cap of the container. 46. The apparatus of claim 42, further comprising a fluid conduit fluidly connectable to the container and the liquid-receiving chamber to allow agent stored in the container to flow through the fluid conduit into the liquid-receiving chamber. 47. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the first member comprises a diaphragm. 48. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the first member has a first surface defining an inner surface of the liquid-receiving chamber and a second surface, opposite the first surface, connected to a reciprocating member of the actuator, and the nebulizer is configured such that agent from the container does not contact the second surface of the first member and the reciprocating member. 49. The apparatus of claim 42, wherein the nebulizer comprises an ultrasonic nebulizer.
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