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A heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a heater for use as a source of heat which includes a reaction chamber, a solid state reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isola

A heating device comprises a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated, a heater for use as a source of heat which includes a reaction chamber, a solid state reaction composition disposed within the reaction chamber such that it is physically isolated from and in thermal communication with the interior space of the heating chamber, an activation mechanism in communication with the composition disposed within the reaction chamber, and wherein the reaction composition is inert until the activation mechanism is actuated. Activation mechanism comprises an actuator having a user interface portion and an actuation portion, and the actuation portion carries a reaction initiation material that, when assembled with the heater, is capable of initiating a chemical reaction in the chemical composition when the actuation portion is actuated by a user.

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1. A heater for use as a source of heating a substance contained in a heating device, the heater comprising: a housing defining an exterior shape of the heater and an interior space, the housing comprising a canister portion and a lid portion, wherein the lid portion is flexible;a solid state chemic

1. A heater for use as a source of heating a substance contained in a heating device, the heater comprising: a housing defining an exterior shape of the heater and an interior space, the housing comprising a canister portion and a lid portion, wherein the lid portion is flexible;a solid state chemical heating composition disposed within the housing; andan activation mechanism capable of communication with the composition and having an actuator and disposed within the housing such that the actuator is actuable from outside of the heating device when heater is coupled to the heating device, wherein the actuator is disposed adjacent to the lid portion and is actuable by flexing the lid portion, and wherein the activation mechanism comprises a piston, a blister pouch containing a first reaction initiation material, and a pellet comprising a second reaction initiation material and in communication with the solid state chemical heating composition, wherein the pellet further contains fibrous particulates to promote wicking and rapid absorption of first reaction initiation material; the piston, blister pouch and pellet being arranged within the heater such that when the lid portion is depressed, the piston is depressed and ruptures the blister pouch, thereby allowing the first reaction initiation material to contact the pellet and initiate a chemical reaction between the first reaction initiation material and the second reaction initiation material that generates sufficient thermal energy to initiate reaction of the solid state chemical heating composition;wherein the canister and the lid of housing are sealed together. 2. The heater of claim 1 wherein the heater further includes a flexible insulating layer between the solid state chemical heating composition and the lid portion. 3. The heater of claim 1, wherein the composition is comprised of a first fuel component, a second fuel component, a solid oxidizer, and a thermal diluent. 4. The heater of claim 1, further comprising a mechanism to automatically shut down the heater when a predetermined threshold temperature is reached by the reaction of the solid state chemical heating composition. 5. The heater of claim 4, wherein the mechanism comprises an intumescent material coated on an interior surface of the heater. 6. The heater of claim 4, wherein the mechanism comprises an intumescent material incorporated into the solid state chemical heating composition. 7. The heater of claim 4, wherein the mechanism comprises a flame retardant incorporated into the heater to slow the reaction of the solid state chemical heating composition by gas phase quenching of reaction intermediates of the solid state chemical heating composition. 8. A heating device comprising: a heating chamber defining an interior space for receiving and storing a substance to be heated;a pocket adjacent to the heating chamber for receiving a modular heater; anda modular heater comprising a housing comprising a canister portion and a lid portion sealed together and defining an exterior shape of the heater and a sealed interior space, wherein the lid portion is flexible,the modular heater further comprising a solid state chemical heating composition and an activation mechanism disposed within the sealed interior space, the modular heater disposed within the pocket;wherein the actuation of activation mechanism generates sufficient thermal energy to initiate a chemical reaction of the solid state chemical heating composition, wherein the activation mechanism is disposed adjacent to the lid portion and is actuable by flexing the lid portion, and wherein the activation mechanism comprises a piston, a blister pouch containing a first reaction initiation material, and a pellet comprising a second reaction initiation material and in communication with the solid state chemical heating composition, wherein the pellet further contains fibrous particulates to promote wicking and rapid absorption of first reaction initiation material; the piston, blister pouch and pellet being arranged within the heater such that when the lid portion is depressed, the piston is depressed and ruptures the blister pouch, thereby allowing a first reaction initiation material to contact the pellet and initiate a chemical reaction between the first reaction initiation material and a second reaction initiation material that generates sufficient thermal energy to initiate reaction of the solid state chemical heating composition. 9. The heater of claim 8, wherein the composition is comprised of a fuel component, a solid oxidizer, and a thermal diluent. 10. The heating device of claim 8, wherein the pocket includes a retaining groove to retain the modular heater within the pocket. 11. The heating device of claim 10, wherein the modular heater includes a ridge that correspondingly mates with the retaining groove to secure the modular heater to heating device. 12. The heating device of claim 10, wherein the pocket and the heater each have an annular-shaped periphery, and wherein the retaining groove is an annular groove about the periphery of the pocket and the ridge is an annular ridge about the periphery of the heater. 13. The heating device of claim 10, wherein the heater includes one or more protrusions that snap-fit into the retaining groove to secure the heater to the heating device. 14. The heating device of claim 8, further comprising a retaining ridge at a bottom of the pocket wherein the heater is secured to the heating device by inserting the heating device into the pocket to engage the retaining ridge. 15. The heating device of claim 8, wherein the pocket includes a threaded surface. 16. The heating device of claim 15, wherein the heater includes a threaded surface that is configured to correspondingly engage the threaded surface of the pocket for securing the heater to the heating device. 17. The heating device of claim 8, further comprising an adhesive for securing the heater to the heating device. 18. The heating device of claim 8, further comprising an external insulation layer, wherein the heater is secured to the insulation layer using an adhesive and wherein the heater is inserted into the pocket and the insulation layer is secured to the heating device using an adhesive. 19. The heating device of claim 8, wherein heater comprises a band having a diameter larger than the diameter of the heater and sized for an interference fit into the pocket to secure the heater to the heating device.