초록 ▼

In one embodiment, a melt-castable energetic material comprises at least one of: 3,5-bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DNFO), and 3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (ANFO). In another embodiment, a method for forming a melt-castable e

In one embodiment, a melt-castable energetic material comprises at least one of: 3,5-bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DNFO), and 3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (ANFO). In another embodiment, a method for forming a melt-castable energetic material includes reacting 3,5-bis(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DAFO) with oxygen or an oxygen-containing compound to form a mixture of at least: DNFO, and ANFO.

대표청구항 ▼

1. A melt-castable energetic material, comprising at least one of: 3,5-bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DNFO); and3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (ANFO),wherein DNFO has a chemical structure of: and wherein ANFO has a chemical st

1. A melt-castable energetic material, comprising at least one of: 3,5-bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DNFO); and3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (ANFO),wherein DNFO has a chemical structure of: and wherein ANFO has a chemical structure of: 2. The melt-castable energetic material as recited in claim 1, comprising both ANFO and DNFO. 3. The melt-castable energetic material as recited in claim 1, further comprising a metal selected from a group consisting of: aluminum, boron, and magnesium. 4. An article, comprising: a housing for directing an explosion; andthe melt-castable energetic material as recited in claim 1 for providing the explosion. 5. The article as recited in claim 4, wherein the melt-castable energetic material further comprises a zero valence metal. 6. A method for forming the melt-castable energetic material as recited in claim 1, the method comprising: reacting 3,5-bis(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DAFO) with oxygen or an oxygen-containing compound to form a mixture of at least:the 3,5-bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (DNFO); andthe 3-(4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-5-(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (ANFO),wherein the DNFO has a chemical structure of: wherein the ANFO has a chemical structure of: and wherein the DAFO has a chemical structure of: 7. The method as recited in claim 6, further comprising: forming the DAFO by reacting 4-amino-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboxamidoxime (AOCA) and 3-amino-4-cyano-1,2,5-oxadiazole (ACOD) with an acid,wherein the AOCA has a chemical structure of: and wherein the COD has a chemical structure of: 8. The method as recited in claim 7, wherein the acid comprises zinc chloride (ZnCl2). 9. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the reacting with oxygen comprises: mixing the DAFO with a solvent, wherein the solvent is chosen from a group consisting of: trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and sulfuric acid; andadding a 50%-90% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution to the DAFO and the solvent to form a reaction solution. 10. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising cooling the reaction solution to maintain a temperature of less than about 50° C. while stirring the reaction solution for a period of at least 8 hours. 11. The method as recited in claim 6, further comprising: extracting the DNFO and the ANFO using an organic solvent;separating the DNFO using short column chromatography while eluting with a methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) and pentane (C5H12) solution in about a 2:3 ratio; andseparating the ANFO using short column chromatography while eluting with methylene chloride. 12. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein the organic solvent comprises at least one of: methylene chloride, toluene (C6H5CH3), ether (CH3—CH2—O—CH2—CH3 or R—O—R′, wherein R and R′ are an alkyl group or an aryl group), and ethyl acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3). 13. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising: purifying the DNFO using at least one of: vacuum sublimation and recrystallization from chloroform (CHCl3); andpurifying the ANFO using recrystallization from ethanol (C2H5OH). 14. The method as recited in claim 6, further comprising purifying the DNFO using at least one of: vacuum sublimation and recrystallization. 15. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the reacting with oxygen comprises: suspending the DAFO in an acid, wherein the acid is chosen from a group consisting of: trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and sulfuric acid; andadding a 50%-90% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution to the DAFO and the acid to form a reaction solution. 16. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising cooling the reaction solution to maintain a temperature of less than about 50° C. while stirring the reaction solution for a period of at least 8 hours. 17. The method as recited in claim 15, further comprising: adding the reaction solution to water at a temperature of less than about 5° C.;extracting the DNFO and the ANFO using methylene chloride to provide a product;washing the product with water;drying the product over sodium sulfate;removing solvent from the product using a rotary evaporator; andseparating the DNFO using column chromatography while eluting with methylene chloride. 18. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the reacting further comprises adding a zero valence metal to the mixture such that at least one of the DNFO and the ANFO becomes metal-loaded.