Methods, systems, and/or apparatuses for treating wastewater produced at a thermoelectric power plant, other industrial plants, and/or other industrial sources are disclosed. The wastewater is directed through a wastewater concentrator including a direct contact adiabatic concentration system. A str
Methods, systems, and/or apparatuses for treating wastewater produced at a thermoelectric power plant, other industrial plants, and/or other industrial sources are disclosed. The wastewater is directed through a wastewater concentrator including a direct contact adiabatic concentration system. A stream of hot feed gases is directed through the wastewater concentrator. The wastewater concentrator mixes the hot feed gases directly with the wastewater and evaporates water vapor from the wastewater. The wastewater concentrator separates the water vapor from remaining concentrated wastewater. A contained air-water interface liquid evaporator may be arranged to pre-process the wastewater before being treated by the wastewater concentrator.
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1. A multi-stage wastewater treatment system comprising: a reservoir adapted to contain wastewater therein;a contained air-water interface liquid evaporator arranged to be operatively disposed in the reservoir, the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator including a partially enclosed vessel
1. A multi-stage wastewater treatment system comprising: a reservoir adapted to contain wastewater therein;a contained air-water interface liquid evaporator arranged to be operatively disposed in the reservoir, the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator including a partially enclosed vessel arranged to be operatively disposed in the wastewater and defining a confined space including an air entrainment chamber, an air downcomer to blow air into the wastewater inside the mixing chamber, and a first exhaust port arranged to be operatively disposed above the wastewater and to allow water vapor to escape from the mixing chamber; anda wastewater concentrator separate from the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator, the wastewater concentrator comprising a direct contact adiabatic wastewater concentrator system, the wastewater concentrator operatively connected to the reservoir to receive a stream of wastewater from the reservoir and to form additional water vapor and concentrated wastewater from the stream of wastewater, wherein the wastewater concentrator comprises a sump to collect the concentrated wastewater and a second exhaust port arranged to allow the additional water vapor to escape from the wastewater concentrator. 2. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein the wastewater concentrator comprises a direct contact evaporator section and a gas-liquid separator section. 3. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 2, wherein the direct contact evaporator section comprises a venturi device arranged to mix hot feed gases directly with the stream of wastewater and to evaporate water from the stream of wastewater to form the additional water vapor and the concentrated wastewater. 4. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 3, wherein the direct contact evaporator section is operatively connected to a source of waste heat from a thermoelectric power plant to provide the hot feed gases. 5. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 3, wherein the gas-liquid separator section comprises a cross flow gas-liquid separator comprising an outer shell defining the second exhaust port and an interior space and at least one demister disposed in the interior space, the cross flow gas-liquid separator arranged to separate the additional water vapor from the concentrated wastewater and to exhaust discharge gases from the gas-liquid separator section, including the additional water vapor and some or all of the feed gases, through the second exhaust port. 6. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator comprises: a fan operatively arranged to force air through the air downcomer into the air entrainment chamber; and,a tortuous pathway connecting the air entrainment chamber to the exhaust port. 7. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 6, wherein the vessel is arranged to be disposed in an operative position at a top surface of the wastewater having a top portion to be disposed above the top surface and a bottom portion to be disposed in the wastewater. 8. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 7, wherein the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator includes a flotation device operatively secured to the vessel, wherein the flotation device is arranged to maintain the vessel in the operative position by floating on the top surface of the wastewater. 9. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 7, wherein the liquid evaporator section is maintained in a fixed position in the operative position by braces or legs. 10. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 1, further comprising at least a second contained air-water interface liquid evaporator operatively disposed in the wastewater. 11. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is an open reservoir. 12. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 1, wherein the air downcomer is operatively connected to a source of heat to heat the air blown into the wastewater. 13. The multi-stage wastewater treatment system of claim 11, wherein the air downcomer is operatively connected to a source of waste heat in a thermoelectric power plant. 14. A method of treating wastewater comprising the steps of: providing wastewater having a first concentration into a reservoir;evaporating water vapor from the wastewater in the reservoir with a contained air-water interface liquid evaporator at a first stage to produce concentrated wastewater;exhausting the water vapor from inside the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator at a first exhaust port;transferring the concentrated wastewater to a wastewater concentrator comprising a direct contact adiabatic wastewater concentrator system; andevaporating additional water vapor from the concentrated wastewater with the wastewater concentrator at a second stage to produce a concentrated discharge brine and additional water vapor;separating the additional water vapor from the concentrated discharge brine in the wastewater concentrator;collecting the concentrated discharge brine in a sump; andexhausting the additional water vapor from inside the wastewater concentrator at a second exhaust port. 15. The method of treating wastewater of claim 14, wherein the contained air-water interface liquid evaporator comprises a partially enclosed vessel disposed in the wastewater, an air entrainment chamber disposed inside the vessel, and the first exhaust port from the vessel in fluid communication with the air entrainment chamber, the method further comprising the steps of: disposing the vessel at a top surface of the wastewater;forcing air into the wastewater inside the air entrainment chamber;vigorously mixing the air and the wastewater inside the air entrainment chamber; andexhausting the water vapor from the air entrainment chamber out through the first exhaust port. 16. The method of treating wastewater of claim 14, wherein the wastewater concentrator comprises a direct contact evaporator section including a venturi device, and wherein the step of evaporating additional water comprises mixing a stream of hot feed gases directly with a stream of the concentrated wastewater and evaporating the additional water vapor from the wastewater in the venturi device. 17. The method of treating wastewater of claim 16, further comprising the step of obtaining the stream of hot feed gases at least partially from a source of waste heat in an industrial plant. 18. The method of treating wastewater of claim 17, wherein the industrial plant comprises a thermoelectric power plant, and wherein the step of obtaining comprises the step of obtaining hot feed gases from a stream of hot flue gases from a boiler. 19. The method of treating wastewater of claim 16, wherein the wastewater concentrator comprises a gas-liquid separator section, and wherein the step of separating comprises separating the additional water vapor from the concentrated wastewater in the gas-liquid separator section and exhausting discharge gases from the gas-liquid separator section, including some or all of the additional water vapor and the feed gases, at the second exhaust port.
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