IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0596066
(2004-10-13)
|
등록번호 |
US-8631744
(2014-01-21)
|
우선권정보 |
AU-2003906600 (2003-11-28) |
국제출원번호 |
PCT/AU2004/001401
(2004-10-13)
|
§371/§102 date |
20070412
(20070412)
|
국제공개번호 |
WO2005/052499
(2005-06-09)
|
발명자
/ 주소 |
- Brent, Geoffrey
- Goswami, Tapan
|
출원인 / 주소 |
- Orica Explosives Technology Pty Ltd
|
대리인 / 주소 |
|
인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
2 인용 특허 :
13 |
초록
▼
A method of blasting plural layers of material (38, 40, 42, 44) in a blastfield (16) that reduces the amount of mechanical excavation required to expose a lower layer of material. The method includes using rows of equally spaced blastholes (18, 20, 22, 24) that pass through all of the layers and add
A method of blasting plural layers of material (38, 40, 42, 44) in a blastfield (16) that reduces the amount of mechanical excavation required to expose a lower layer of material. The method includes using rows of equally spaced blastholes (18, 20, 22, 24) that pass through all of the layers and additional intermediate rows of blastholes (26, 28) that pass down only through top layer (40). Each blasthole is capped with stemming material and includes one or more decks of explosives material (46) and detonators (48), with air decks or inert stemming (45) separating adjacent explosives decks (46). The detonators in layer (40) are detonated first in order from row (18) rearwards to throw a substantial amount of the blast material from layer (40) forwardly of free face (12) onto floor (34). In the same blasting cycle and within seconds of the throw blast, explosives material in layers (42, 44) is detonated in a stand-up blast in which material in layers (38, 42, 44) is broken up but otherwise minimally displaced or thrown forwardly. Layers (38, 44) may be coal seams which are separated by interburden layer (42) and covered by overburden layer (40).
대표청구항
▼
1. In open cut mining for recoverable mineral, a method of blasting plural layers of material in a blast field including a first body of material comprising at least a first layer of material and a second body of material comprising at least a second layer of material over the first body of material
1. In open cut mining for recoverable mineral, a method of blasting plural layers of material in a blast field including a first body of material comprising at least a first layer of material and a second body of material comprising at least a second layer of material over the first body of material, the blast field having at least one free face at the level of the second body of material, the method comprising drilling blastholes in the blast field through the second body of material and, for at least some of the blastholes, at least into the first body of material, loading the blastholes with explosives so that for at least some of the blastholes a respective deck of explosives is provided in each of the first and second bodies of material and then firing the explosives in the blastholes in a single cycle of drilling, loading and blasting at least the first and second bodies of material, wherein the first body of material is subjected to a stand-up blast in said single cycle and said second body of material is subjected to a throw blast in said single cycle whereby at least 10% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field beyond the position of said at least one free face, said throw blast in the second body of material being initiated before initiation of the stand-up blast in the first body of material, wherein for blastholes having at least a respective deck of explosives in the first and second bodies of material the explosives in the second body of material are initiated at least about 500ms before initiation of the explosives in the first body of material, and wherein the first body of material is buffered in the direction of throw defined by the throw blast of the second body of material. 2. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein blasting is of plural strata of material in which the first body of material comprises at least a first stratum of material and the second body of material comprises at least a stratum of overburden over the first body of material. 3. A method of blasting according to claim 2, wherein said first stratum of material is recoverable mineral. 4. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein at least 15% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field in said single cycle. 5. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein at least 20% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field in said single cycle. 6. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein at least 25% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field in said single cycle. 7. A method of blasting according to claim 2, wherein the second body of material consists essentially of the stratum of overburden. 8. A method of blasting according to claim 7, wherein the explosives in the second body of material are spaced from the bottom of the second body of material. 9. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the explosives in the second body of material in each of at least some of the blastholes are provided as a main column of explosives and as a further deck of explosives spaced from and beneath the main column, said further deck of explosives being smaller than the main column of explosives. 10. A method of blasting according to claim 9, wherein the further deck of explosives is fired on a different delay to the main column. 11. A method of blasting according to claim 2, wherein the first body of material comprises at least two strata of recoverable mineral and at least one stratum of interburden therebetween. 12. A method of blasting according to claim 11, wherein blastholes in the first body of material have respective decks of explosives in the interburden and in the stratum of recoverable mineral beneath the interburden. 13. A method of blasting according to claim 11, wherein the explosives in the first body of material are disposed only in the at least one stratum of interburden. 14. A method of blasting according to claim 13, wherein the explosives in the interburden are spaced from the strata of recoverable mineral. 15. A method of blasting according to claim 14, wherein the blastholes are not drilled into the lowermost strata of recoverable mineral in the first body of material. 16. A method of blasting according to claim 13, wherein the explosives in the interburden in each of at least some of the blastholes are provided as a main column of explosives and as a further deck of explosives spaced from and beneath the main column, said further deck of explosives being smaller than the main column of explosives. 17. A method of blasting according to claim 16, wherein the further deck of explosives is fired on a different delay to the main column. 18. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein not all of the blastholes in the second body of material extend into the first body of material. 19. A method of blasting according to claim 17, wherein at least some of the blastholes only in the second body of material do not extend to the bottom of the second body of material. 20. A method of blasting according to claim 2, wherein a third body of material is disposed between the first and second bodies of material, the third body of material comprising at least one stratum of burden and/or recoverable mineral, and wherein the third body of material is subjected to a throw blast in said single cycle of different design to the throw blast to which the second body of material is subjected in said single cycle. 21. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the buffering is at least partly provided by material from the second body of material thrown in said throw blast in said single cycle. 22. A method of blasting according to claim 21, wherein the portion of the second body of material designed to provide the buffering material for the first body of material is adjacent the at least one free face and has plural layers with one or more decks of explosives in the blastholes in each layer of said portion of the second body of material, and wherein all the decks of explosives in any one layer of said portion are fired before any deck in a layer of said portion beneath said one layer. 23. A method of blasting according to claim 21, wherein the explosives in blastholes in the first body of material are initiated from a back of the blast, i.e. remote from the location of the free face, towards a front of the blast, i.e. adjacent the location of the free face. 24. A method of blasting according to claim 23, wherein the explosives in blastholes in the first body of material adjacent the back of the blast are initiated while material of the second body of material thrown by the throw blast in said single cycle is airborne. 25. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the explosives in blastholes in the first body of material are initiated from a back of the blast, i.e. remote from the location of the free face, towards a front of the blast, i.e. adjacent the location of the free face. 26. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the explosives in blastholes in one or both of the first and second bodies of material have an initiation point remote from edges of the blastfield. 27. A method of blasting according to claim 26, wherein the blast in said one or both of the first and second bodies of material proceeds in multiple directions from said initiation point. 28. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the explosives in blastholes in the second body of material adjacent a back of the blast, i.e. remote from the location of the free face, are initiated before the explosives in blastholes in the second body of material closer to the location of the free face. 29. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein for blastholes having a respective deck of explosives in the first and second bodies of material the explosives in the second body of material are initiated from 500 ms to is about 40 seconds before initiation of the explosives in the first body of material. 30. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein for blastholes having a respective deck of explosives in the first and second bodies of material the explosives in the second body of material are initiated from about 500 to 25000 ms before initiation of the explosives in the first body of material. 31. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the explosives in the blast field are initiated by an electronic detonator delay system. 32. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein said loading and blasting in said single cycle are preceded by blasthole logging to determine the location of any stratum of recoverable mineral in each blasthole. 33. A method of blasting according to claim 32, wherein the blasthole logging comprises gamma-ray logging. 34. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the throw blast in the second body of material and the stand-up blast in the first body of material have different blast design features selected from one or more of blasthole pattern, explosive type, explosive density, blasthole loading configuration, explosive mass, powder factor, stemming, and explosive initiation timing. 35. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein the blastholes in the blast field are disposed in plural rows extending substantially parallel to the at least one free face, and wherein, for said at least some of the blastholes with a respective deck of explosives in each of the first and second bodies of material, the blast in the first body of material has different inter-hole delays in any one row and/or different inter-row delays between adjacent rows to the blast in the second body of material. 36. A method of blasting according to claim 1, wherein for each of said at least some of the blastholes which have at least a respective deck of explosives in the first and second bodies of material the explosives in the second body of material are initiated at least about 500 ms before initiation of the explosives in the first body of material. 37. In open cut mining for recoverable mineral, a method of blasting plural layers of material in a blast field including a first body of material comprising at least a first layer of material and a second body of material comprising at least a second layer of material over the first body of material, the blast field having at least one free face at the level of the second body of material, the method comprising: drilling blastholes in the blast field through the second body of material and, for at least some of the blastholes, at least into the first body of material, loading the blastholes with explosives so that for at least some of the blastholes a respective deck of explosives is provided in each of the first and second bodies of material and then firing the explosives in the blastholes in a single cycle of drilling, loading and blasting at least the first and second bodies of material,wherein the first body of material is subjected to a stand-up blast in said single cycle and said second body of material is subjected to a throw blast in said single cycle whereby at least 10% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field beyond the position of said at least one free face,wherein the first body of material is buffered in the direction of throw defined by the throw blast of the second body of material, andwherein blasting is of plural strata of material in which the first body of material comprises at least two strata of recoverable mineral and at least one stratum of interburden therebetween and the second body of material comprises at least a stratum of overburden over the first body of material, and furtherwherein the explosives in the first body of material are disposed only in the at least one stratum of interburden. 38. A method of blasting according to claim 37, wherein the explosives in the interburden are spaced from the strata of recoverable mineral. 39. A method of blasting according to claim 38, wherein the blastholes are not drilled into the lowermost strata of recoverable mineral in the first body of material. 40. A method of blasting according to claim 37, wherein the explosives in the interburden in each of at least some of the blastholes are provided as a main column of explosives and as a further deck of explosives spaced from and beneath the main column, said further deck of explosives being smaller than the main column of explosives. 41. A method of blasting according to claim 40, wherein the further deck of explosives is fired on a different delay to the main column. 42. In open cut mining for recoverable mineral, a method of blasting plural layers of material in a blast field including a first body of material comprising at least a first layer of material and a second body of material comprising at least a second layer of material over the first body of material, the blast field having at least one free face at the level of the second body of material, the method comprising: drilling blastholes in the blast field through the second body of material and, for at least some of the blastholes, at least into the first body of material, loading the blastholes with explosives so that for at least some of the blastholes a respective deck of explosives is provided in each of the first and second bodies of material and then firing the explosives in the blastholes in a single cycle of drilling, loading and blasting at least the first and second bodies of material,wherein the first body of material is subjected to a stand-up blast in said single cycle and said second body of material is subjected to a throw blast in said single cycle whereby at least 10% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field beyond the position of said at least one free face, said throw blast in the second body of material being initiated before initiation of the stand-up blast in the first body of material, andwherein the first body of material is buffered in the direction of throw defined by the throw blast of the second body of material, said buffering being at least partly provided by material from the second body of material thrown in said throw blast in said single cycle. 43. A method of blasting according to claim 42, wherein the portion of the second body of material designed to provide the buffering material for the first body of material is adjacent the at least one free face and has plural layers with one or more decks of explosives in the blastholes in each layer of said portion of the second body of material, and wherein all the decks of explosives in any one layer of said portion are fired before any deck in a layer of said portion beneath said one layer. 44. A method of blasting according to claim 42, wherein the explosives in blastholes in the first body of material are initiated from a back of the blast, i.e. remote from the location of the free face, towards a front of the blast, i.e. adjacent the location of the free face. 45. A method of blasting according to claim 44, wherein the explosives in blastholes in the first body of material adjacent the back of the blast are initiated while material of the second body of material thrown by the throw blast in said single cycle is airborne. 46. A method of blasting according to claim 42, wherein blasting is of plural strata of material in which the first body of material comprises at least a first stratum of material and the second body of material comprises at least a stratum of overburden over the first body of material. 47. A method of blasting according to claim 46, wherein said first stratum of material is recoverable mineral. 48. A method of blasting according to claim 46, wherein the first body of material comprises at least two strata of recoverable mineral and at least one stratum of interburden therebetween. 49. A method of blasting according to claim 48, wherein blastholes in the first body of material have respective decks of explosives in the interburden and in the stratum of recoverable mineral beneath the interburden. 50. In open cut mining for recoverable mineral, a method of blasting plural layers of material in a blast field including a first body of material comprising at least a first layer of material and a second body of material comprising at least a second layer of material over the first body of material, the blast field having at least one free face at the level of the second body of material, the method comprising: drilling blastholes in the blast field through the second body of material and, for at least some of the blastholes, at least into the first body of material, loading the blastholes with explosives so that for at least some of the blastholes a respective deck of explosives is provided in each of the first and second bodies of material and then firing the explosives in the blastholes in a single cycle of drilling, loading and blasting at least the first and second bodies of material,wherein the first body of material is subjected to a stand-up blast in said single cycle and said second body of material is subjected to a throw blast in said single cycle whereby at least 10% of the second body of material is thrown clear of the blast field beyond the position of said at least one free face, said throw blast in the second body of material being initiated before initiation of the stand-up blast in the first body of material,wherein for blastholes having at least a respective deck of explosives in the first and second bodies of material the explosives in the second body of material are initiated about 500 ms to 25000 ms before initiation of the explosives in the first body of material, andwherein the first body of material is buffered in the direction of throw defined by the throw blast of the second body of material. 51. A method of blasting according to claim 50, wherein blasting is of plural strata of material in which the first body of material comprises at least a first stratum of material and the second body of material comprises at least a stratum of overburden over the first body of material. 52. A method of blasting according to claim 51, wherein said first stratum of material is recoverable mineral. 53. A method of blasting according to claim 51, wherein the first body of material comprises at least two strata of recoverable mineral and at least one stratum of interburden therebetween. 54. A method of blasting according to claim 53, wherein blastholes in the first body of material have respective decks of explosives in the interburden and in the stratum of recoverable mineral beneath the interburden. 55. A method of blasting according to claim 50, wherein for each of said at least some of the blastholes which have at least a respective deck of explosives in the first and second bodies of material the explosives in the second body of material are initiated about 500 ms to 25000 ms before initiation of the explosives in the first body of material.
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