Harvesting single domain nanoparticles and their applications
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
C09K-019/54
C09K-019/52
출원번호
US-0903331
(2010-10-13)
등록번호
US-8658056
(2014-02-25)
발명자
/ 주소
Cook, Gary
Evans, Dean R.
Basun, Sergey
Reshetnyak, Victor Y.
출원인 / 주소
The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Air Force
대리인 / 주소
AFMCLO/JAZ
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
1인용 특허 :
41
초록▼
Methods are disclosed for separating and harvesting very small single domain ferroelectric nanoparticles by application of a non-uniform electric or magnetic field gradient. The disclosed methods enable collection of nanoparticles with permanent strong dipole moments for use in a wide variety of app
Methods are disclosed for separating and harvesting very small single domain ferroelectric nanoparticles by application of a non-uniform electric or magnetic field gradient. The disclosed methods enable collection of nanoparticles with permanent strong dipole moments for use in a wide variety of applications with greatly improved results.
대표청구항▼
1. A method of harvesting nanoparticles having strong dipole moments, the method comprising: suspending a plurality of nanoparticles in an enclosed column, the column having an electrode and a ground plate spaced away from the electrode;applying a nonuniform field gradient to the column between the
1. A method of harvesting nanoparticles having strong dipole moments, the method comprising: suspending a plurality of nanoparticles in an enclosed column, the column having an electrode and a ground plate spaced away from the electrode;applying a nonuniform field gradient to the column between the electrode and the ground plate such that nanoparticles of the plurality having a strong dipole moment are attracted to the electrode and nanoparticles of the plurality having a weak dipole moment or no dipole moment are attracted to the ground plate; andcollecting nanoparticles of the plurality having the strong dipole moment from the electrode. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the nonuniform field gradient is an electric field gradient or a magnetic field gradient. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes positioned along a first side of the column, each electrode of the plurality being spaced apart at progressively greater distances along a length of the first side of the column, and the ground plate is positioned proximate a second side of the column that opposes the first side of the column. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode is coaxially disposed within the column and the ground plate surrounds an outer surface of the column. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises a material having a sharp edge. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the column encloses includes a gas, a dielectric liquid, or a vacuum. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the dielectric liquid is heptane or hexane. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising: removing the nonuniform field gradient from the column before collecting nanoparticles of the plurality having the strong dipole moment from the electrode;removing nanoparticles of the plurality having the weak dipole moment or no dipole moment from the ground plate. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: de-agglomerating the plurality of nanoparticles before suspending the plurality of nanoparticles in the column. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein de-agglomerating the plurality of nanoparticles includes operation of a turbine or an ultrasonic transducer. 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: dispensing the plurality of nanoparticles to the column by a dry aerosol spray, an electrostatic spray, or a wet aerosol spray. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: drawing a vacuum on the column. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising: strain- or stress-inducing a dipole moment onto the nanoparticles of the plurality before suspending the plurality of nanoparticles. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the nonuniform field gradient includes operating a Van de Graaff generator. 15. The method of claim 1, further comprising: forming nanoparticles of the plurality by a ball-milling process before suspending the plurality of nanoparticles in the enclosed column. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein nanoparticles of the plurality comprise barium titanate (BaTiO3), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), potassium niobate (KNbO3), strontium barium niobate (SBN), potassium sodium strontium barium niobate (KNSBN), tin hypothiodiphosphate (SPS), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), silicon, or glass and have a size ranging from about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm. 17. The method of claim 8, further comprising: processing the removed nanoparticles of the plurality having the weak dipole moment or no dipole moment to induce a dipole moment thereto;suspending the reprocessed nanoparticles in the enclosed column;applying the nonuniform field gradient to the column; andfurther collecting nanoparticles of the plurality having the strong dipole moment from the electrode. 18. A method of improving the performance of a material, the method comprising: harvesting nanoparticles having a strong dipole moment according to the method of claim 1; anddoping the material with the harvested nanoparticles. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the harvested nanoparticles comprise ferroelectric nanoparticles, ferromagnetic nanoparticles, or a combination thereof. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein the material is a liquid crystal medium. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein an optical gain and a liquid crystal defect of the liquid crystal medium are higher and lower, respectively, for the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvested nanoparticles as compared to the liquid crystal medium doped with nanoparticles that are not harvested according to the method of claim 1. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein a Freedericksz transition voltage of the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvested nanoparticles is increased, a nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature of the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvest nanoparticles is increased, a speed of response of the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvested nanoparticles is improved, a frequency operation for the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvested nanoparticles is higher, a current leakage in the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvested nanoparticles is reduced, and a field of view of the liquid crystal medium doped with the harvested nanoparticles is increased as compared to the liquid crystal medium doped with nanoparticles that are not harvested according to the method of claim 1. 23. The method of claim 18, wherein the harvested nanoparticles are single domain nanoparticles. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the harvested nanoparticles have a size of about 0.5 nm to 100 nm and comprise barium titanate (BaTiO3), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), potassium niobate (KNbO3), strontium barium niobate (SBN), potassium sodium strontium barium niobate (KNSBN), tin hypothiodiphosphate (SPS), gallium arsenide (GaAs), indium phosphide (InP), silicon, glass, or other material with a permanent electric and/or magnetic dipole moment. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein the material is a capacitor in which the capacitance is sensitive to pressure, temperature, light, electric and/or magnetic fields such that energy is either absorbed or liberated in electrical or magnetic form when changes occur to pressure, temperature, light, electric and/or magnetic fields impinging on the device. 26. The method of claim 18 wherein the harvested nanoparticles may be incorporated in a plethora of media, including isotropic or anisotropic materials, or a plurality of such materials including liquids, solids, hybrids, and gases. 27. An apparatus for harvesting nanoparticles having permanent dipole moments, comprising: an enclosed column for receiving a plurality of nanoparticles;an electrode positioned inside and coaxial with the column;a plurality of shelves coupled to the electrode, the shelves of the plurality spaced along a lengthwise central axis of the electrode;a ground plate operably coupled to the column and separated from and space away from the electrode; anda source operably coupled to the electrode and configured to generate an electrical or magnetic energy such that a nonuniform field gradient is generated within the column between the electrode and the ground plate,wherein nanoparticles of the plurality segregated along the electrode during generation of the nonuniform field gradient are collected by a proximate one of the plurality of shelves when the nonuniform field gradient is terminated. 28. The apparatus of claim 27 wherein the electrode comprises a plurality of electrodes positioned along the lengthwise central axis. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the column encloses a gas or a dielectric fluid. 30. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the column encloses a vacuum so that nanoparticles of the plurality are segregated according to the strength of dipole moments. 31. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein electrodes of the plurality are spaced apart at progressively greater distances along the lengthwise central axis. 32. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the ground plate surrounds an outer surface of the column. 33. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein electrodes of the plurality comprise a material having a sharp edge. 34. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising: a nanoparticle source operably coupled to the column and configured to dispense the plurality of nanoparticles thereto. 35. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the column encloses the dielectric liquid and a dielectric material encloses the electrode such that the electrode is isolated from the dielectric liquid. 36. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the electrode comprises a wire, a corrugated wire, a helix, a wound structure, a mesh, a textured surface, a sharp edge, or a combination thereof. 37. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the source is a Van de Graaff generator. 38. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the electrode is directly coupled to the source. 39. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the nanoparticle source includes a gas turbine, a dry aerosol sprayer, an electrostatic sprayer, or a wet aerosol sprayer. 40. The apparatus of claim of claim 27, wherein the electrode is indirectly coupled to the source, the indirect coupling comprising a resistive coupling, a capacitive coupling, an inductive coupling, an impedance couple, or permeability coupling. 41. A method of harvesting strong dipole moment nanoparticles from a plurality of nanoparticles, the method comprising: dispensing the plurality of nanoparticles into an enclosed column;applying a nonuniform field gradient along a first dimension of the column so as to segregate nanoparticles of the plurality along the first dimension and according to a dipole moment;removing the nonuniform field; andcollecting nanoparticles of the plurality along the first dimension corresponding to a strong dipole moment.
연구과제 타임라인
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
LOADING...
이 특허에 인용된 특허 (41)
Flagan, Richard C.; Atwater, Harry A.; Ostraat, Michele L., Aerosol process for fabricating discontinuous floating gate microelectronic devices.
Svoronos, Spyros A.; Crouch, H. Steven; El-Shall, Hassan El-Sayed; Powers, Kevin W.; Scheiffele, Gary Wayne; Worthen, Rachel Anna; Wright, Steve Robin, Apparatus and methods for separating particles.
Sandulyak Alexandr V. (Rovno SUX) Garaschenko Vyacheslav I. (Rovno SUX) Sandulyak Vladimir V. (Rovno SUX) Korkhov Oleg J. (Rovno SUX), Apparatus for separating ferromagnetic materials from fluid media.
Majetich Sara (Pittsburgh PA) McHenry Michael (Pittsburgh PA) Scott John H. (Pittsburgh PA) Brunsman Elaine (Pittsburgh PA) Kirkpatrick Scott (Pittsburgh PA), Metal, alloy, or metal carbide nanoparticles and a process for forming same.
Abrarov, Vagiz Nurgalievich; Vaulin, Sergei Dimitrievich; Grigorova, Bojidara; Tumilty, James Anthony Jude; Schmidt, Christian Ghislain, Method and apparatus for separating particles.
Benecke Wolfgang (Berlin DEX) Wagner Bernd (Berlin DEX) Hagedorn Rolf (Berlin DEX) Fuhr Gnter (Berlin DEX) Mller Torsten (Berlin DEX), Method of continuously separating mixtures of microscopic dielectric particles and apparatus for carrying through this m.
Krupke,Ralph; Hennrich,Frank, Method, arrangement and use of an arrangement for separating metallic carbon nanotubes from semi-conducting carbon nanotubes.
Rabinowitz Mario (Redwood City CA) Hingorani Narain G. (Los Altos Hills CA) Perry E. Robert (Portola Valley CA), Removal of PCB from oil and other liquids.
※ AI-Helper는 부적절한 답변을 할 수 있습니다.