Lithium/fluorinated carbon cell for high-rate pulsatlie applications
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H01M-004/13
H01M-004/82
출원번호
US-0668500
(2007-01-30)
등록번호
US-8685568
(2014-04-01)
발명자
/ 주소
Krehl, Paul
Davis, Steven
Rubino, Robert
Gan, Hong
Takeuchi, Esther S.
출원인 / 주소
Greatbatch Ltd.
대리인 / 주소
Scalise, Michael F.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
0인용 특허 :
13
초록▼
The current invention describes a lithium/carbon monofluoride (Li/CFx) cell capable of delivering sufficient power to supply an ICD or similar demanding device. The cell exhibits the typical excellent long-term stability and predictability of the CFx system, as well as its high energy density (great
The current invention describes a lithium/carbon monofluoride (Li/CFx) cell capable of delivering sufficient power to supply an ICD or similar demanding device. The cell exhibits the typical excellent long-term stability and predictability of the CFx system, as well as its high energy density (greater than about 300 Ah/cc, greater than about 600 Wh/cc). Additionally, the cell is capable of delivering about 0.5 W/cc of cathode volume for greater than 5 seconds with a voltage above 1.70 V (FIG. 1). The following invention embodiments can be applied individually or in conjunction with each other.
대표청구항▼
1. An electrochemical cell, which comprises: a) an anode comprising lithium;b) a cathode comprising: i) 90 to 98 weight percent fluorinated carbon fibers having a general formula of C2F or CFx with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 and an aspect ratio of from 2 to 25 as a cathode active material;ii) up to 5
1. An electrochemical cell, which comprises: a) an anode comprising lithium;b) a cathode comprising: i) 90 to 98 weight percent fluorinated carbon fibers having a general formula of C2F or CFx with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 and an aspect ratio of from 2 to 25 as a cathode active material;ii) up to 5 weight percent of a conductive additive other than the fluorinated carbon fibers to thereby form a cathode active mixture; andiii) a current collector selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, stainless and carbon supporting the fluorinated carbon/conductive additive cathode active mixture,iv) wherein when the current collector is one of titanium, aluminum and stainless steel, it is provided with a coating selected from the group consisting of carbon, noble metals and a carbide-type material so that the fluorinated carbon does not physically touch the current collector, but is in electrical continuity there with; andc) a separator preventing direct physical contact between the anode and the cathode; andd) an electrolyte having a conductivity of at least 1×10−2 S/cm at 37° C. activating the anode and the cathode. 2. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated carbon fibers have a fluorine content of 61% to 65%. 3. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated carbon fibers have a capacity to 2.0 volts of 800 mAh/g to 1,000 mAh/g. 4. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte includes at least one salt selected from the group consisting of LiBF4, LiPf6, LiAsF6, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2 and LiB(C2O4)2. 5. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and mixtures thereof. 6. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the cathode further comprises about 1 to 5 weight percent of a polymeric binder. 7. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the conductive additive is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, expanded graphite, carbon fibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes carbon, titanium powder, aluminum powder, silver powder, gold powder, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and mixtures thereof. 8. The electrochemical cell of claim 6 wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of PVDF, PTFE, polyethylene (UHMW), styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, copolymers of acrylic acid or acrylate esters with polyethylene or polypropylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and mixtures thereof. 9. An electrochemical cell, comprising: a) a lithium anode active material in electrical contact with a nickel current collector; b) a cathode comprising 90 to 98 weight percent fluorinated carbon fibers as a cathode active material having a general formula of C2F or CFx with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.2; c) up to 5 weight percent of a conductive additive other than the fluorinated carbon fibers to thereby form a cathode active mixture supported on a titanium current collector, the fluorinated carbon fibers having: i) an aspect ratio of from 2 to 25; ii) a BET surface area of from 200 m2/gram to 400 m2/gram; and iii) a D50 (μm) of 2 to 10, wherein the titanium current collector is provided with a coating selected from the group consisting of carbon, noble metals and a carbide-type material so that the fluorinated carbon fibers do not physically touch the current collector, but are in electrical continuity there with; and c) a separator preventing direct physical contact between the anode and the cathode; and d) an electrolyte comprising 1.0 M LiAsF6 in a 50/50 mixture, by volume of propylene carbonate and dimethoxyethane. 10. A method for providing an electrochemical cell, comprising the steps of: a) providing an anode comprising lithium; b) providing a cathode comprising: i) 90 to 98 weight percent fluorinated carbon fibers having a general formula of C2F or CFx with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 and an aspect ratio of from 2 to 25 as a cathode active material; ii) up to 5 weight percent of a conductive additive other than the fluorinated carbon fibers to thereby form a cathode active mixture; and iii) a current collector selected from the group consisting of titanium, aluminum, stainless and carbon supporting the fluorinated carbon fibers/conductive additive cathode active mixture, iv) wherein when the current collector is one of titanium, aluminum and stainless steel, the current collector is provided with a coating selected from the group consisting of carbons noble metals and a carbide-type material so that the fluorinated carbon fibers do not physically touch the current collector, but are in electrical continuity there with; c) disposing a separator between the anode and cathode to prevent direct physical contact between them; and d) activating the anode and the cathode with an electrolyte having a conductivity of at least 1×10−2 S/cm at 37° C.; and e) wherein the anode-to-cathode interface area is greater than 50 cm2, but less than 500 cm2. 11. The method of claim 10 including providing the fluorinated carbon fibers having a fluorine content of 61% to 65%. 12. The method of claim 10 including providing the fluorinated carbon fibers having a capacity to 2.0 volts of 800 mAh/g to 1,000 mAh/g. 13. The method of claim 10 including providing the electrolyte having at least one salt selected from the group consisting of LiBF4, LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiN(SO2CF3)2, LiN(SO2C2F5)2 and LiB(C2O4)2. 14. The method of claim 10 including providing the electrolyte comprising a solvent selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, dioxane, dimethoxy thane, and mixtures thereof. 15. The method of claim 10 including providing the cathode comprising about 1 to 5 weight percent of a polymeric binder. 16. The method of claim 10 including selecting the conductive additive from the group consisting of carbon black, expanded graphite, carbon fibers, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes carbon, titanium powder, aluminum powder, silver powder, gold powder, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and mixtures thereof. 17. The method of claim 15 including selecting the binder from the group consisting of PVDF, PTFE, polyethylene (UHMW), styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, copolymers of acrylic acid or acrylate esters with polyethylene or polypropylene, polypyr ole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and mixtures thereof. 18. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the anode-to-cathode interface area is greater than about 50 cm2, but less than about 500 cm2. 19. The electrochemical cell of claim 9 wherein the anode-to-cathode interface area is greater than about 50 cm2, but less than about 500 cm2. 20. The method of claim 10 including providing the electrochemical cell having an anode-to-cathode interface area greater than about 50 cm2, but less than about 500 cm2. 21. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated carbon fibers have a BET surface area of from 200 m2 gram to 400 m2 gram. 22. The electrochemical cell of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated carbon fibers have a D50 (μm) of 2 to 10. 23. The method of claim 10 including providing the fluorinated carbon fibers having a BET surface area of from 200 m2/gram to 400 m2/gram. 24. The method of claim 10 including providing the fluorinated carbon fibers having a D50 (μm) of 2 to 10. 25. An electrochemical cell, which comprises: a) an anode comprising lithium; b) a cathode comprising: i) 90 to 98 weight percent fluorinated carbon fibers having a general, formula of C2F or CFx with x ranging from 0.5 to 1.2 and an aspect ratio of from 2 to 25 as a cathode active material; ii) a conductive additive other than the fluorinated carbon fibers to thereby form a cathode active mixture; and iii) a current collector supporting the cathode active mixture; and c) a separator preventing direct physical contact between the anode and the cathode; arid d) an electrolyte activating the anode and the cathode. 26. The electrochemical cell of claim 25 wherein the conductive additive is present at up to about 5 weight percent of the cathode active mixture. 27. The electrochemical cell of claim 25 wherein the electrolyte has a conductivity of at least about 1×10−2 S/cm at 37° C.
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