IPC분류정보
| 국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
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| 국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
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| 출원번호 |
US-0296426
(2005-12-08)
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| 등록번호 |
US-8702420
(2014-04-22)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Ramotowski, Michael J.
- Joklik, Richard
- Fuller, Casey
- Gokulakrishnan, Ponnuthurai
- Eskin, Leo
- Gaines, Glenn
- Roby, Richard J.
- Klassen, Michael S.
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| 출원인 / 주소 |
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| 대리인 / 주소 |
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| 인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
0 인용 특허 :
111 |
초록
▼
In one embodiment of a method for vaporizing liquids such as fuels, the liquid is sprayed into a chamber such that the spray does not impinge on any surface. The energy for vaporization is supplied through the injection of a hot diluent such as nitrogen or oxygen depleted air. Additional heat is add
In one embodiment of a method for vaporizing liquids such as fuels, the liquid is sprayed into a chamber such that the spray does not impinge on any surface. The energy for vaporization is supplied through the injection of a hot diluent such as nitrogen or oxygen depleted air. Additional heat is added through the surface. In another embodiment, the liquid is sprayed onto a hot surface using a geometry such that the entire spray is intercepted by the surface. Heat is added through the surface to maintain an internal surface temperature above the boiling point of the least volatile component of the liquid. The liquid droplets impinging on the surface are thus flash vaporized. A carrier gas may also be flowed through the vaporizer to control the dew point of the resultant vapor phase mixture.
대표청구항
▼
1. A fuel conditioning unit comprising: a cylindrical vaporization chamber, the cylindrical vaporization chamber comprising a sidewall and an end wall;a plurality of nozzles mounted along the sidewall and in fluid communication with a liquid fuel supply, the nozzles being configured to spray liquid
1. A fuel conditioning unit comprising: a cylindrical vaporization chamber, the cylindrical vaporization chamber comprising a sidewall and an end wall;a plurality of nozzles mounted along the sidewall and in fluid communication with a liquid fuel supply, the nozzles being configured to spray liquid fuel radially inward into the chamber;at least one diluent gas port in fluid communication with the chamber, the diluent gas port being in fluid communication with a supply of heated diluent gas, the diluent gas port being configured to introduce the diluent gas into the chamber;at least one exit port in fluid communication with the chamber, the exit port providing a path for vaporized liquid fuel to exit the chamber;wherein the heated diluent gas supplies a least a portion of the heat required for vaporization of the liquid fuel, and wherein a mixture of the diluent gas and vaporized liquid fuel has an oxygen content below the limiting oxygen index and has a lower dew point than that of the liquid fuel in the absence of the diluent gas; anda spool section attached to a portion of the sidewall opposite the end wall such that the spool section forms an extension of the chamber, the spool section having a heating element disposed therein, the heating element supplying additional heat to vaporize any liquid fuel not vaporized in the portion of the chamber corresponding to the sidewall, the spool section having at least one additional exit port through which any fuel vaporized in the spool section may exit the fuel conditioning unit. 2. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the at least one diluent gas port comprises a plurality of diluent gas ports formed in a perforated plate located within the chamber, the perforated plate, the end wall and a portion of the sidewall forming a plenum in fluid communication with the plurality of diluent gas ports and the supply of heated diluent gas. 3. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the spool section has a plurality of heating elements disposed therein. 4. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of heating elements has an individual temperature control. 5. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the heating element has a length equal to a length of the spool section. 6. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the chamber sidewall or the chamber end wall is heated. 7. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the diluent gas is inert. 8. A method for conditioning a liquid fuel comprising the steps of: spraying the liquid fuel into a cylindrical vaporization chamber through a plurality of nozzles mounted on a sidewall of the chamber and in fluid communication with the chamber such that the liquid fuel does not impinge on any wall of the chamber;supplying a heated diluent gas to the vaporization chamber through a plurality of diluent gas ports formed in a perforated plate located within the chamber and in fluid communication with the chamber; andreceiving a conditioned vaporized fuel gas from at least one exit port in fluid communication with the chamber, the conditioned vaporized fuel gas comprising a mixture of the diluent gas and a vaporized form of the liquid fuel, the conditioned vaporized fuel gas having an oxygen content below the limiting oxygen index and a lower dew point than that of the vaporized form of the liquid fuel in the absence of the diluent gas;wherein the perforated plate, at least one end wall of the chamber, and a portion of the side wall of the chamber form a plenum in fluid communication with the plurality of diluent gas ports and the supply of heated diluent gas. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the chamber has at least one heating element disposed therein to vaporize any liquid fuel not vaporized by the heat supplied by the diluent gas. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one heating element comprises a plurality of heating elements. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein each of the plurality of heating elements has an individual temperature control. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of heating at least a portion of a wall of the chamber. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the diluent gas is inert. 14. A fuel conditioning unit comprising: a vaporization chamber, the vaporization chamber having a sidewall and an end wall;a heating element attached to the sidewall;at least one fuel nozzle mounted on the end wall, the fuel nozzle being in fluid communication with a supply of a liquid fuel consisting essentially of hydrocarbons, the fuel nozzle being configured to produce a spray with a spray angle such that all of the spray impinges on an interior surface of the sidewall; andat least one diluent gas port in fluid communication with the vaporization chamber, the diluent gas port being in fluid communication with a supply of diluent gas;wherein the heating element is configured to heat a portion of the sidewall upon which the spray impinges to a temperature above the boiling point of the least volatile component of liquid fuel and sufficient to flash vaporize the liquid fuel spray as it contacts the sidewall, and the diluent gas and vaporized liquid fuel combine to form a mixture that has a lower dew point than that of the liquid fuel in the absence of the diluent gas; andwherein the fuel conditioning unit is configured such that, the mixture is maintained at a temperature above the dew point of the mixture until the mixture reaches a combustor located downstream of the fuel conditioning unit. 15. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 14, wherein the sidewall is cylindrical and the spray is a conical spray. 16. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 14, further comprising at least one additional heating element, the additional heating element being configured to keep a portion of the vaporization chamber apart from a portion on which the spray impinges at a temperature above a dew point of the mixture of the diluent gas and vaporized liquid fuel. 17. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 14, further comprising a preheater located between the nozzle and the liquid fuel supply, the preheater being configured to heat the liquid fuel to a temperature above ambient temperature and below a boiling point of the liquid fuel. 18. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 14, wherein the diluent gas is inert. 19. A fuel conditioning system comprising: a manifold; anda plurality of fuel conditioning units according to claim 14, each of the fuel conditioning units being attached to the manifold to supply a mixture of diluent gas and vaporized liquid fuel to the manifold. 20. A method for conditioning a liquid fuel comprising the steps of: supplying a liquid fuel consisting essentially of hydrocarbons to a vaporization chamber through a nozzle that produces a spray at an angle such that substantially all of the spray impinges upon a heated surface of a vaporization chamber, the heated surface being at a temperature above the boiling point of the least volatile component of liquid fuel and having sufficient heat to flash vaporize the liquid fuel spray, the heated surface being heated by a heating element located outside of the vaporization chamber;supplying a diluent gas to the vaporization chamber such that the vaporized liquid fuel and the diluent gas form a mixture, said mixture having a lower dew point than that of the vaporized liquid fuel in the absence of the diluent gas; andsupplying the mixture to a combustor located downstream of the vaporization chamber such that the mixture is maintained at a temperature above the dew point of the mixture until the mixture undergoes combustion. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of preheating the liquid fuel to a temperature above ambient temperature and below a boiling point of the liquid fuel. 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the sidewall is cylindrical and the spray is a conical spray. 23. The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of heating a second portion of the vaporization chamber apart from the portion impinged by the spray, the second portion being heated to a temperature above boiling point of a least volatile component of the liquid fuel. 24. The method of claim 20, wherein the diluent gas is inert. 25. The method of claim 20, wherein the diluent gas is supplied in a direction tangential to a direction of the spray to induce a swirling co-flow. 26. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of nozzles is oriented toward a central axis of the vaporization chamber. 27. The fuel conditioning unit of claim 1, further comprising a combustor in fluid communication with the exit port, wherein the fuel conditioning unit is configured such that the mixture remains at a temperature above the dew point for the mixture until it is combusted in the combustor. 28. The method of claim 8, further comprising the step of maintaining the conditioned vaporized fuel above the dew point until the conditioned vaporized fuel is combusted in a combustor in fluid communication with the exit port.
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