Wireless energy transfer with high-Q to more than one device
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H02J-017/00
H01Q-009/04
B60L-011/18
H02J-005/00
출원번호
US-0639963
(2009-12-16)
등록번호
US-8760007
(2014-06-24)
발명자
/ 주소
Joannopoulos, John D.
Karalis, Aristeidis
Soljacic, Marin
출원인 / 주소
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
대리인 / 주소
Fish & Richardson P.C.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
22인용 특허 :
156
초록▼
Described herein are embodiments of a source high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy source, a second high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may be located a distance from the source resonator. A third high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may b
Described herein are embodiments of a source high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy source, a second high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may be located a distance from the source resonator. A third high-Q resonator, optionally coupled to an energy drain that may be located a distance from the source resonator. The source resonator and at least one of the second resonator and third resonator may be coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said source resonator to said at least one of the second resonator and third resonator.
대표청구항▼
1. A system, comprising: a source resonator having a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), the source resonator configured to be coupled to an energy source;a second resonator having a resonan
1. A system, comprising: a source resonator having a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), the source resonator configured to be coupled to an energy source;a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2 =ω2 /(2Γ2), the second resonator located a distance from the source resonator; anda third resonator having a resonant frequency ω3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω3/(2Γ3), the third resonator located a distance from the source resonator,wherein the source resonator and at least one of the second resonator and third resonator are configured to be coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from said source resonator to said at least one of the second resonator and third resonator when the source resonator is coupled to the energy source, andwherein Q1>100 and Q2 >100,wherein the resonators are movable relative to one another and wherein the wireless energy transfer occurs over a range of distances, andwherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>0.2 over the range of distances, wherein κ is the wireless energy transfer rate. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising the energy source coupled to the source resonator. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising an energy drain configured to be coupled to the second resonator and an energy drain configured to be coupled to the third resonator. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein at least one of the energy drains comprises a robot, vehicle, computer, cell phone, or a portable electronic device. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the at least one of the second resonator and third resonator is configured to provide useful power to the energy drain based on wirelessly transferred electromagnetic energy. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the source resonator is electromagnetically coupled to each of the second and third resonators. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the source resonator is configured to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from the source resonator to each of the second and third resonators. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein Q3>100. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of the resonators is tunable. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the range of distances includes 5 cm. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the range of distances includes 10 cm. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the range of distances includes 30 cm. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ2Γ2)}>0.5 over the range of distances. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>1 over the range of distances. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20% over the range of distances. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein frequencies f1=ω1/2π, f2=ω2/2π, and f3=ω3/2π of the resonators are each at least 5 MHz. 18. The system of claim 1, further comprising a feedback mechanism coupled to at least one of the resonators to correct for detuning to correct for detuning of the resonant frequencies. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the energy source is coupled to the source resonator, an energy drain is coupled to the second resonator, and the source resonator is electromagnetically coupled to the second resonator, and wherein the energy source and energy drain are configured to be driven to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the source resonator and the second resonator. 20. The system of claim 1, wherein the source resonator is electromagnetically coupled to the second resonator, and wherein the source resonator and second resonator are configured to be adjustably tuned to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the source resonator and the second resonator. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the source resonator and the second resonator have different characteristic sizes. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein f1=ω1/(2π), f2=ω2/(2π), and f3=ω3/(2π), and each of f1, f2, and f3 is between about 5 MHz and 380 MHz. 23. A method, comprising: providing a source resonator having a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1 =ω1 /(2Γ1), the source resonator configured to be coupled to an energy source;providing a second resonator having a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2 =ω2/(2Γ2), the second resonator located a distance from the source resonator; andproviding a third resonator having a resonant frequency ω3, an intrinsic loss rate Γ3, and capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q3=ω3/(2Γ3), the third resonator located a distance from the source resonator,wherein the source resonator and at least one of the second resonator and third resonator are configured to be coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from said source resonator to said at least one of the second resonator and third resonator when the source resonator is coupled to the energy source,wherein Q1>100 and Q2>100,wherein the resonators are movable relative to one another and wherein the wireless energy transfer occurs over a range of distances, andwherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>0.2 over the range of distances, wherein κ is the wireless energy transfer rate. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein the source resonator and the second resonator have different characteristic sizes. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the source resonator is electromagnetically coupled to the second resonator, and wherein the source resonator and second resonator are adjustably tuned to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the source resonator and the second resonator. 26. The method of claim 23, wherein the energy source is coupled to the source resonator. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein an energy drain is coupled to the second resonator and an energy drain is coupled to the third resonator. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein at least one of the energy drains comprises a robot, vehicle, computer, cell phone, or a portable electronic device. 29. The method of claim 27, wherein the at least one of the second resonator and third resonator is configured to provide useful power to the energy drain based on wirelessly transferred electromagnetic energy. 30. The method of claim 23, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component. 31. The method of claim 23, wherein the source resonator is electromagnetically coupled to each of the second and third resonators. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the source resonator is configured to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from the source resonator to each of the second and third resonators. 33. The method of claim 23, wherein Q3>100. 34. The method of claim 23, wherein at least one of the resonators is tunable. 35. The method of claim 23, wherein the range of distances includes 5 cm. 36. The method of claim 23, wherein the range of distances includes 10 cm. 37. The method of claim 23, wherein the range of distances includes 30 cm. 38. The method of claim 23, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>0.5 over the range of distances. 39. The method of claim 23, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>1 over the range of distances. 40. The method of claim 23, wherein the efficiency of the wireless energy transfer is at least 20% over the range of distances. 41. The method of claim 23, wherein frequencies f1=ω1/2π, f2=ω2/2π, and f3=ω3/2π of the resonators are each at least 5 MHz. 42. The method of claim 23, wherein a feedback mechanism is coupled to at least one of the resonators to correct for detuning to correct for detuning of the resonant frequencies. 43. The method of claim 23, wherein the energy source is coupled to the source resonator, an energy drain is coupled to the second resonator, and the source resonator is electromagnetically coupled to the second resonator, and wherein the energy source and energy drain is driven to increase the ratio of useful-to-lost power for varying wireless energy transfer rates κ between the source resonator and the second resonator. 44. The method of claim 23, wherein f1=ω1/(2π), f2=ω2/(2π), and f3=ω3/(2π), and each of f1, f2, and f3 is between about 5 MHz and 380 MHz.
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