Wireless energy transfer across a distance to a moving device
원문보기
IPC분류정보
국가/구분
United States(US) Patent
등록
국제특허분류(IPC7판)
H02J-017/00
H02J-005/00
B60L-011/18
H01Q-009/04
출원번호
US-0649852
(2009-12-30)
등록번호
US-8772972
(2014-07-08)
발명자
/ 주소
Joannopoulos, John D.
Karalis, Aristeidis
Soljacic, Marin
출원인 / 주소
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
대리인 / 주소
Fish & Richardson P.C.
인용정보
피인용 횟수 :
20인용 특허 :
156
초록▼
Described herein are embodiments of a first resonator coupled to an energy source generating an oscillating near field region, and a second resonator optionally coupled to an energy drain and moving freely within the near field region of the first resonator. The first resonator and the second resona
Described herein are embodiments of a first resonator coupled to an energy source generating an oscillating near field region, and a second resonator optionally coupled to an energy drain and moving freely within the near field region of the first resonator. The first resonator and the second resonator may be coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region, and where the region may include distances greater than the characteristic size of the smaller of the first resonator and the second resonator.
대표청구항▼
1. A system, comprising: a first resonator configured to be coupled to an energy source to generate a near field region comprising a temporally oscillating magnetic field; anda second resonator configured to move freely within the near field region of the first resonator,wherein the first resonator
1. A system, comprising: a first resonator configured to be coupled to an energy source to generate a near field region comprising a temporally oscillating magnetic field; anda second resonator configured to move freely within the near field region of the first resonator,wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are configured to be resonantly coupled to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region,and where the region includes distances D greater than the characteristic size of each of the first resonator and the second resonator,wherein the first resonator has a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and is capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1),wherein the second resonator has a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and is capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), andwherein Q1>100 and Q2>100, andwherein the distances D for the near-field wireless energy transfer are less than the wavelengths λ1=c/2πω1 and λ2=c/2πω2 corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2, respectively, where c is the speed of light. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein each resonator comprises an electrical conductor shaped into one or more loops wound in substantially a single plane circumscribing a substantially planar area. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the loops of the electrical conductors of each of the first and second resonators are in substantially the same plane. 4. The system of claim 2, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially normal to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially parallel to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 6. The system of claim 2, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator forms a different angle to the surface area circumscribed by the first resonator than to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the efficiency of the wireless transfer of electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region is at least 20%. 8. The system of claim 1, further comprising an energy drain coupled to the second resonator. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the energy drain comprises a robot, vehicle, computer, cell phone, or a portable electronic device. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising the energy source configured to be coupled to the first resonator and an energy drain configured to be coupled to the second resonator to provide useful power to the energy drain, and wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that varies with a rate of wireless energy transfer κ between the first resonator and the second resonator. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the energy source is configured to provide energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein f1=ω1/(2π) and f2=ω2/(2π), and each of f1 and f2 is between about 5 MHz and 380 MHz. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein Q1>200 and Q2>200. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>0.2 for a range of the distances D greater than the characteristic size of each of the first resonator and the second resonator in the near-field region, wherein κ is the wireless energy transfer rate. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>1 for a range of the distances D greater than the characteristic size of each of the first resonator and the second resonator in the near-field region, wherein κ is the wireless energy transfer rate. 18. A method, comprising: providing a first resonator coupled to an energy source and generating a near field region comprising a temporally oscillating magnetic field; andproviding a second resonator coupled to an energy drain and moving freely within the near field region of the first resonator,wherein the first resonator and the second resonator are resonantly coupled to transfer electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region,and where the region includes distances D greater than the characteristic size of each of the first resonator and the second resonator,wherein the first resonator has a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and is capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1),wherein the second resonator has a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and is capable of storing electromagnetic energy with a high intrinsic quality factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), andwherein Q1>100 and Q2>100, andwherein the distances D for the near-field wireless energy transfer are less than the wavelengths λ1=c/2πω1 and λ2=c/2πω2 corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2, respectively, where c is the speed of light. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein each resonator comprises an electrical conductor shaped into one or more loops wound in substantially a single plane circumscribing a substantially planar area. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the loops of the electrical conductors of each of the first and second resonators are in substantially the same plane. 21. The method of claim 19, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially normal to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator is substantially parallel to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein a line drawn from the center of the first resonator to the center of the second resonator forms a different angle to the surface area circumscribed by the first resonator than to the circumscribed planar area of each resonator. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the efficiency of the wireless transfer of electromagnetic energy from said first resonator to said second resonator as the second resonator moves freely within the near field region is at least 20%. 25. The method of claim 18, wherein each intrinsic loss rate comprises a resistive component and a radiative component. 26. The method of claim 18, wherein the energy source is coupled to the first resonator and an energy drain is coupled to the second resonator to provide useful power to the energy drain, and wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that varies with a rate of wireless energy transfer κ between the first resonator and the second resonator. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially minimizes the energy stored in the first resonator and the second resonator. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the energy source provides energy to the first resonator at a rate that substantially maximizes a ratio of the useful power to lost power from the energy source to the energy drain. 29. The method of claim 18, wherein Q1>200 and Q2>200. 30. The method of claim 18, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>0.2 for a range of the distances D greater than the characteristic size of each of the first resonator and the second resonator in the near-field region, wherein κ is the wireless energy transfer rate. 31. The method of claim 18, wherein κ/√{square root over (Γ1Γ2)}>1 for a range of the distances D greater than the characteristic size of each of the first resonator and the second resonator in the near-field region, wherein κ is the wireless energy transfer rate.
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