IPC분류정보
국가/구분 |
United States(US) Patent
등록
|
국제특허분류(IPC7판) |
|
출원번호 |
US-0763922
(2013-02-11)
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등록번호 |
US-8776532
(2014-07-15)
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발명자
/ 주소 |
- Allam, Rodney John
- Fetvedt, Jeremy Eron
- Palmer, Miles R.
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출원인 / 주소 |
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대리인 / 주소 |
Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP
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인용정보 |
피인용 횟수 :
5 인용 특허 :
117 |
초록
▼
The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxi
The present disclosure relates to a power production system that is adapted to achieve high efficiency power production with complete carbon capture when using a solid or liquid hydrocarbon or carbonaceous fuel. More particularly, the solid or liquid fuel first is partially oxidized in a partial oxidation reactor. The resulting partially oxidized stream that comprises a fuel gas is quenched, filtered, cooled, and then directed to a combustor of a power production system as the combustion fuel. The partially oxidized stream is combined with a compressed recycle CO2 stream and oxygen. The combustion stream is expanded across a turbine to produce power and passed through a recuperator heat exchanger. The expanded and cooled exhaust stream is scrubbed to provide the recycle CO2 stream, which is compressed and passed through the recuperator heat exchanger and the POX heat exchanger in a manner useful to provide increased efficiency to the combined systems.
대표청구항
▼
1. A process for the production of power using a combination of a partial oxidation (POX) system and a power production system (PPS), the process comprising: combining a solid or liquid fuel and oxygen in a POX reactor under conditions sufficient to partially oxidize the fuel and form a POX stream c
1. A process for the production of power using a combination of a partial oxidation (POX) system and a power production system (PPS), the process comprising: combining a solid or liquid fuel and oxygen in a POX reactor under conditions sufficient to partially oxidize the fuel and form a POX stream comprising a fuel gas;quenching the POX stream through combination with a quenching fluid under conditions sufficient to form a quenched POX stream at a temperature of about 400° C. or less and to solidify at least a portion of any molten solids present in the POX stream;treating the quenched POX stream so as to remove at least a portion of any solids present therein;directing the quenched POX stream to a POX heat exchanger and withdrawing a quantity of heat from the quenched POX stream by cooling the quenched POX stream to a temperature of about 100° C. or less against a cooling stream and form a POX fuel gas stream;passing the POX fuel gas stream through a separator vessel and separating at least a portion of any water present in the POX fuel gas stream;compressing the POX fuel gas stream to a pressure of about 12 MPa or greater;combusting the POX fuel gas in a PPS combustor to form a combustion product stream at a pressure of at least about 10 MPa and a temperature of at least about 800° C.;expanding the combustion product stream across a PPS turbine to generate power and form an expanded PPS combustion product stream;passing the expanded PPS combustion product through a PPS recuperator heat exchanger and thereby withdrawing heat from the PPS combustion product stream and forming a cooled PPS combustion product stream;optionally passing the cooled PPS combustion product stream through a water cooler;treating the cooled PPS combustion product stream in a PPS scrubber separating at least H2SO4, HNO3, or Hg and forming a recycle CO2 stream; andpressurizing the recycle CO2 stream in a PPS compressor and forming a compressed recycle CO2 stream. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the solid or liquid fuel is a carbonaceous fuel. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein the fuel combined in the POX reactor is an entrained stream of a powdered, solid fuel. 4. The process of claim 2, wherein the carbonaceous fuel is coal. 5. The process of claim 4, wherein the coal is slurried with water or CO2. 6. The process of claim 4, wherein the quenched POX stream comprises ash, slag, or a combination thereof, and wherein the step of removing solids comprises passing the quenched POX stream through a water scrubber unit. 7. The process of claim 4, wherein the step of removing solids comprises filtering the quenched POX stream so as to reduce dust load to about 4 mg or less per cubic meter of fuel gas in the quenched POX stream. 8. The process of claim 1, wherein the POX reactor is operated at a POX temperature, and wherein a ratio of the POX temperature to the temperature of the quenched POX stream is about 3.25 or greater. 9. The process of claim 8, wherein the POX temperature is about 1300° C. to about 1600° C. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the POX reactor is operated at a pressure of about 2 MPa or greater. 11. The process of claim 1, wherein quenching comprises mixing the POX stream with: a recycled portion of the cooled POX fuel gas stream; a portion of the water separated from the cooled POX fuel gas stream; a portion of a CO2 recycle stream from the PPS; or a combination thereof. 12. The process of claim 1, wherein the cooling stream in the heat exchanger comprises a high pressure recycle fluid stream withdrawn from and returned to the PPS. 13. The process of claim 12, wherein the high pressure recycle fluid stream is a recycle CO2 fluid stream. 14. The process of claim 13, wherein the recycle CO2 fluid stream comprises CO2 formed in the combusting of the POX fuel gas in the PPS combustor. 15. The process of claim 1, wherein the POX reactor includes an internal heat transfer component. 16. The process of claim 15, wherein the internal heat transfer component is adapted to transfer radiant heat to a portion of a high pressure recycle stream taken from a component of the PPS at a temperature of about 250° C. or greater. 17. The process of claim 16, wherein the internal heat transfer component is adapted to return the high pressure recycle stream to a component of the PPS. 18. The process of claim 1, wherein the turbine has an inlet pressure of about 10 MPa or greater. 19. The process of claim 18, wherein the turbine has an outlet pressure that is defined as a ratio of the turbine inlet to the turbine outlet, said ratio being about 12 or less. 20. The process of claim 1, wherein the oxygen used in the POX reactor has a purity of about 90% molar or greater. 21. The process of claim 20, wherein the oxygen used in the POX reactor has a purity of about 95% molar or greater. 22. The process of claim 1, wherein passing the expanded PPS combustion product stream through the PPS recuperator heat exchanger cools the PPS combustion product stream to a temperature below the water dew point. 23. The process of claim 1, wherein the fuel gas in the POX fuel gas stream entering the PPS combustor comprises at least one fuel gas component selected from H2, CO, and CH4. 24. The process of claim 23, wherein the POX fuel gas stream entering the PPS combustor comprises one or more impurities separate from the fuel gas and derived from the solid or liquid fuel, the partial oxidation thereof, and the oxygen. 25. The process of claim 24, wherein substantially all of the impurities are still present in the POX fuel gas stream and are combusted in the PPS combustor. 26. The process of claim 23, wherein the one or more impurities comprise at least one of a sulfur compound, NH3, and HCN. 27. The process of claim 26, wherein all oxidizable impurities present in the POX fuel gas stream are oxidized by the combustion in the PPS combustor. 28. The process of claim 1, wherein the combustion product stream from the PPS combustor comprises a mixture of combustion products and at least a portion of the compressed recycle CO2 stream. 29. The process of claim 1, wherein the withdrawn heat from the PPS combustion product stream heats at least a portion of the compressed recycle CO2 stream. 30. The process of claim 1, wherein the POX stream is quenched with water. 31. The process of claim 30, wherein the water quenched POX stream comprises at least H2, CO, CO2, H2S, and H2O. 32. The process of claim 31, wherein the cooling stream in the POX heat exchanger comprises two streams of the compressed recycle CO2. 33. The process of claim 32, wherein an inlet temperature of the first compressed recycle CO2 stream entering the POX heat exchanger is substantially the same as a temperature of the compressed recycle CO2 stream discharged from the PPS compressor. 34. The process of claim 32, wherein an inlet temperature of the second compressed recycle CO2 stream entering the POX heat exchanger is within 20° C. of the water dew-point in the expanded PPS combustion process stream. 35. The process of claim 34, wherein the water quenched POX stream is saturated with water vapor so as to comprise excess liquid water. 36. The process of claim 35, wherein the two compressed recycle CO2 streams combine in the POX heat exchanger to form a single stream. 37. The process of claim 36, wherein the single compressed recycle CO2 stream exiting the POX heat exchanger is at a temperature that is within about 20° C. of the POX fuel gas dew-point temperature. 38. The process of claim 36, wherein the water quenched POX stream has a temperature that is above its dew-point temperature and below about 400° C. 39. The process of claim 38, wherein the two compressed recycle CO2 streams are heated, and wherein the point at which the two compressed recycle CO2 streams combine to form the single stream is at a temperature that substantially corresponds to the inlet temperature of the second compressed recycle CO2 stream. 40. The process of claim 39, wherein the single stream is split into: a first exiting heated and compressed recycle CO2 stream that exits the POX heat exchanger at a temperature that is within about 20° C. of the POX stream dew-point temperature;and a second exiting heated and compressed recycle CO2 stream that exits the POX heat exchanger at a temperature of about 380° C. to about 399° C. 41. The process of claim 1 wherein the POX stream is quenched with CO2 and optionally a portion of the fuel gas. 42. The process of claim 41 wherein the CO2 quenched POX stream comprises at least H2, CO, CO2, H2S, and H2O. 43. The process of claim 42, wherein the cooling stream in the POX heat exchanger comprises one stream of the compressed recycle CO2. 44. The process of claim 43 wherein an inlet temperature of the compressed recycle CO2 stream entering the POX heat exchanger is substantially the same as a temperature of the compressed recycle CO2 stream discharged from the PPS compressor and the single compressed recycle CO2 stream exiting the POX heat exchanger is at a temperature that is within about 20° C. of the POX fuel gas dew-point temperature. 45. The process of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the water quenched POX fuel gas enters a catalytic shift reactor adapted to convert a mixture of CO and H2O into a shift reactor exit gas comprising a mixture of H2 and CO2. 46. The process of claim 45, wherein the shift reactor exit gas is cooled in the POX heat exchanger against a high pressure recycle CO2 gas taken from and returned to the PPS. 47. The process of claim 46, wherein the shift reactor exit gas is cooled in the POX heat exchanger and mixed with a portion of the quenched POX stream which has been cooled in the heat exchanger and is further processed to separate water, CO2, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, and Hg, so as to form a mixture comprising H2 and CO in a ratio of about 0.8:1 to about 2.5:1. 48. The process of claim 47, wherein the cooled shift reactor exit gas is further processed to form a pure H2 stream with a purity of 99% or greater molar. 49. The process of claim 47, wherein the POX catalytic shift reactor is a multi-bed pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system. 50. The process of claim 49, wherein a low pressure waste gas from the PSA system comprising adsorbed products from the PSA system is compressed to a PPS combustor pressure and mixed into a total fuel gas flow entering the PPS combustor. 51. The process of claim 1, wherein the oxygen used in the POX reactor is heated in the POX heat exchanger to a temperature of up to about 350° C. 52. The process of claim 1, wherein the oxygen used in the PPS combustor is heated in the POX heat exchanger to a temperature of about 350° C. 53. A combined partial oxidation (POX) system and power production system (PPS) comprising: a POX reactor adapted to partially oxidize a liquid or solid fuel in the presence of oxygen to form a POX stream comprising a fuel gas;one or more components adapted to contact the POX stream with a quenching fluid;an optional POX scrubber adapted to separate any solids present in the quenched POX stream from the POX fuel gas;an optional filtration device adapted to separate solidified ash particle from a single phase quenched POX fuel gas streama POX heat exchanger adapted to withdraw heat from the POX fuel gas against a portion of a compressed recycle CO2 stream and output a cooled POX fuel gas;an optional separator adapted to separate any liquid water from the POX fuel gas;a compressor adapted to compress the cooled POX fuel gas to a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater;a PPS combustor adapted to combust the POX fuel gas in the presence of oxygen and a portion of the compressed recycle CO2 stream and form a PPS combustion product stream at a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater;a turbine adapted to expand the PPS combustion product stream and generate power in a connected generator;a recuperator heat exchanger adapted to withdraw heat from the expanded PPS combustion product stream and add the heat to the compressed recycle CO2 stream;a PPS scrubbing tower adapted to separate one or more of H2SO4, HNO3, and water-dissolved Hg salts from the expanded PPS combustion product stream and output a recycle CO2 stream;a PPS compressor adapted to compress the recycle CO2 stream to a pressure of about 10 MPa or greater and form the compressed recycle CO2 stream;flow components adapted to direct a portion of the compressed recycle CO2 stream to the POX heat exchanger;flow components adapted to direct a portion of the compressed recycle CO2 stream to the PPS recuperator heat exchanger; andflow components adapted to direct the compressed recycle CO2 stream from the POX heat exchanger to the PPS recuperator heat exchanger.
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